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© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #1
Global Energy Use in Various End-Use Sectors
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #2
Transport Energy Use in OECD and non-OECD Countries by Mode
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #3
Modal Share of Global Energy Use and CO2 Emission in Transport Sector
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #4
Global Freight Movement in Trillion Tonne-km/Year
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #5
Passenger Motorized Travel in some OECD Countries
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #6
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU27 USA Japan China
Air
Rail
Bus
Car
Car
+ B
us
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EU27 USA Japan China
Water
Rail
Road
Modal Split of Passenger (Top) and Freight Transport (Bottom; Air Freight not Included) in Terms of Passenger-km and T-km
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #7
Estimated Motorized Passenger Travel Split By Mode
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #8
Vehicular Penetration in 2006 of Several Developed and Developing Countries
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #9
Passenger Transport Modal Shares of Several Cities in Developing Countries
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #10
Railway Traffic in the Major Regions
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #11
Energy Use in Railway Transport Systems in the Major Regions
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #12
Energy Intensity of Domestic Transport System in Japan
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #13
Trends in Schedule International and Domestic Traffic – World
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #14
Regional Distribution Of Air Passenger Transpor
Energy End-Use: Transport
39.4%
3.3%28.3%
6.9%
17.7%
4.3% Europe
Africa
Asia/Pacific
Middle East
North America
Latin America
2005
36.4%
4.8%25.5%
6.0%
21.1%
6.2%
1985
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #15
Trends in Scheduled International and Domestic air Freight Traffic – World
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #16
Regional Distribution of Air Transport
Energy End-Use: Transport
31.2%
1.9%
38.0%
7.4%
18.3%
3.2% Europe
Africa
Asia/Pacific
Middle East
North America
Latin America
2005
39.4%
3.6%29.2%
6.2%
16.5%
5.1%
1985
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #17
Global Aircraft Fuel Burn, International and Domestic Traffic Combined
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #18
World Seaborne Trade
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #19
Share of seaborne shipping fuel consumption by fuel type and engines
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #20
Annual Average PM 10 Concentrations Observed In Selected Cities Worldwide
Energy End-Use: Transport
WHO guideline
EU limit value
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #21
Modal Shares in World Vehicles in CO2 Emissions
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #22
GHG intensity per mode
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #23
Well-to-Wheel CO2 Emissions by Vehicle Engine Type
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #24
Projection of transport world energy use by mode and region
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #25
Reference Scenario: Projected Changes in Oil Demand
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #26
Passenger and Freight Transport GHG Emissions Baselines by Mode
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #27
Carbon intensity of different biofuels as compared to gasoline
Energy End-Use: Transport
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Car
bon
inte
esns
ity (
gCO
2-eq
/MJ o
f pro
duce
d fu
el)
Direct Indirect
Gasoline baseline
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #28
LCA for Passenger Vehicles
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #29
LCA for Trains and Ships
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #30
Relative Amount of Energy Required for Different Supply Chains and Well-to-wheel GHG Emission for Various Powertrain/Fuel Combinations
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #31
Energy use in a typical gasoline passenger vehicle
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #32
Price Increase of Vehicle Due to Efficiency Increase
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #33
Historical Relationship Between Vehicle Ownership and GDP per Capita
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #34
Growth of Population and GDP by Region
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #35
Total Stock of LDVs by Region
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #36
Comparison of Survival Rate for Passenger LDVs
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #37
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Fuel
Eco
nom
y (L
/100
km)
REF GEA-Supply GEA-Mix GEA-Efficiency
Stock-average on-road fuel economy
0
2
4
6
8
10
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Fuel
Eco
nom
y (L
/100
km)
Average new LDV Fuel Economy
Trend of New Vehicle and Stock-average On-road Fuel Economy
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #38
Growth of Stocks of LDVs and Trucks
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #39
Growth of Passenger Transport Activity
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #40
Growth of Freight Transport Activity
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #41
Fuel Consumption Projection for Both Passenger and Freight Transport by Mode
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #42
Worldwide Transport Fuel Use for the Whole Sector, Road Transport and LDV Only By Fuel Type
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #43
Worldwide LDV Sales by Region
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #44
Worldwide LDV Sales by Vehicle Type
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #45
Well-to-wheel CO2 Emissions from Transport Sector for Reference and GEA Pathways: Tank-to-wheel (TTW), Well-to-tank (WTT)
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #46
Reduction of Well-to-wheel CO2 Emissions for LDVs from Reference Scenario in GEA
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #47
Sensitivity Analyses for the EV Share in the GEA-supply Pathway, and the Reduction Rate of Vehicle Driving Distance per Vehicle (VT) and Fuel
Efficiency (FE) in the GEA-efficiency Pathways
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #48
Corridor Capacity of Different Modes of Transportation
Energy End-Use: Transport
© GEA 2012 www.globalenergyassessment.org Chapter 9, #49
Energy Intensity Standards of Passenger Cars Extrapolated from Current Fuel Efficiency Standards
Energy End-Use: Transport