ENERGY AND RESOURCES ON EARTH PAGES 815-822

CHAPTER 23 SECTION 2

NATURAL RESOURCES

• We rely on natural resources to provide the energy & raw materials needed at home, work & for growing food• What is a natural resource?• occurs naturally within environments that exist

relatively undisturbed by humanity, in a natural form.• Ex: coal, natural gas, water, sunlight, oil, wind (just to

name a few)

• Almost all energy on Earth comes from the Sun!• Plants harness Sun’s energy via photosynthesis

RENEWABLE VS. NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

Renewable• Resources that can be

replaced through natural processes in a relatively short amount of time

• Can have less waste and less harmful effects on environment• Ex:

• Solar (Sun)• Geothermal (Earth’s heat)• Hydroelectric (Water)• Wind

NatGeo Alt Energy Video

Nonrenewable• Resources that take

long time to form/replace

• Can have more wastes and more harmful effects on environment• Ex:

• Fossil Fuels-- • Oil (liquid)• Natural Gas (gas) • Coal (solid)

VeggieMation Energy

BOTH NATURAL; FORMED IN NATURE!

NONRENEWABLE: FOSSIL FUELS

• Fossil fuel: nonrenewable energy resource from from the remains of organisms that lived long ago• Types of Fossil Fuels:• Coal: ancient plants only (electricity; power)• Oil: ancient plants & ancient animals (contains gasoline,

kerosene, diesel)• Natural Gas: ancient plants & ancient animals (heats homes)

• How Fossil Fuels are Formed① Tiny plants and animal matter die in oceans② Buried under layers of sediment (soil/sand) ③ Heat from Earth and pressure from ocean and rocks above squeeze

matter and chemical reaction occurs④ Fossil fuels are formed millions of years later!

SUPPLY IS LIMITED; USING QUICKER THAN BEING MADE!

FORMATION OF NATURAL GAS & OIL

FORMATION OF COAL

RENEWABLE RESOURCES

• Replaced in relatively short amount of time (renewable) and little to no waste produced

• Types of Renewable Resources• Nuclear• Solar• Wind• Geothermal (Earth’s heat)• Hydroelectric (water)

RENEWABLE: NUCLEAR

• Energy created when atoms are split through a process called fission• Energy created heats water• Heated water produces steam turns a turbine• Spinning turbine generates electricity

Advantage Disadvantage

• No pollutants released into air

• Renewable (controlled chemical reaction)

• Does produce highly radioactive ground waste

RENEWABLE RESOURCES: NUCLEAR

RENEWABLE: SOLAR

• Harnessing energy from the Sun• Everyday, Earth receives more energy from sun than

U.S. uses in an entire year—sunlight is ongoing!• Can harness sun’s energy by using solar panels/cells

Advantages Disadvantages

• Sunlight is ongoing• No waste produced

• Not all areas of Earth receive a lot of sunlight

• Tools required to receive energy and convert to electricity (panels & cells)

RENEWABLE: SOLAR

RENEWABLE: WIND

Advantages Disadvantages

• Relatively low cost dependent on size of wind turbine

• Unreliable (not always windy; strength varies)

RENEWABLE: GEOTHERMAL

• Large regions of hot magma heat underground reservoirs (holding pools) of water produces steam• Wells drilled into reservoirs & steam/hot water rises

to surface used to turn turbines generates electricity

Advantages Disadvantages

• Easy to harness energy when in active volcanic areas

• Geographically limited (not all places have active volcanic areas (magma)

RENEWABLE GEOTHERMAL

RENEWABLE: HYDROELECTRIC

Advantages Disadvantages

• Water cycle is continuous

• Dams can harm environment

• Water power is harnessed by building dams on rivers

• Moving water turns turbines generates electricity

RENEWABLE HYDROELECTRIC