Energy and Environment

National Science FoundationDirectorate for Engineering

Judy Raper and Usha Varshney

2

Outline

Global needNSF investmentsEngineering DirectoratePrograms and initiativesTypical projects

3

Daily Oil Production

Source:Chicago Tribune

4

Daily Oil Consumption

5

Energy Demand An Escalating Concern

Energy consumption has soared over the past 50 years, tripling in the United States, and demand is predicted to escalate.

Global energy consumption in 2004 averaged 14.5 terawatts. By the year 2030 that consumption is expected to increase to 23 terawatts.

Energy Consumption by Fuel 1980-2030, DOE Annual Energy Outlook 2006

Billion Metric Tons

6

NSF Investments From $20 million in FY 2003, to $53 million in FY 2005 FY05 Investments

Individual Principal Investigators (19) Multidisciplinary teams, NIRT (14) Centers (2)

CalTech - Materials Science and Hydrogen Storage

University of South Carolina - Fuel Cell Research Major facilities and instrumentation (16) Education grants (11) SBIR/STTR (39) CAREER (24) GOALI (6) SGER (15)

7

ENG: Energy Related Programs and PDs Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental & Transport

Processes (CBET) Environmental Sustainability (Cindy Lee) Energy for Sustainability (Vacant)

Civil, Mechanical,& Manufacturing Innovation (CMMI) Geoenvironmental and Geohazard Mitigation (Rick Fragaszy) Service Enterprise Engineering (Matthew Realff)

Electrical, Communications & Cyber Systems (ECCS) Power and Energy Systems and Networks (Vacant)

8

Future Impact Continue to Support Proposals for Alternative Energy

Environment Friendly Reduce Air Pollution Cost Effective

Monetary Planetary

Power and Energy Systems and Networks Interdependencies of Power and Energy on Critical

Infrastructures Power Drives

Sustainable Energy Production Solar: new materials, devices, systems and

manufacturing processes for photovoltaics Wind: fundamental understanding of wind with the blade

structure

9

Future Impact Sustainable Energy Production (continued)

Hydrogen: hydrogen from biomass Renewable and Alternate Energy Sources

Fuel Cells Low temperature systems: new membrane

materials for increased durability High temperature systems: new solid

electrolyte materials Paradigm Shift on Energy Use

Education Incentives

10

Typical Projects and Ideas Multiple Power Converter Systems Hydrogen-Electric Power Park Solar Powered Cell Tower Generator Ocean Electric Energy Extraction Multiple-Dye Luminescent Solar

Concentrators Efficient Organic Solar Cells Solar-Thermal-Electric Power

Generation Reverse Selective Membrane for

Hydrogen Purification Cathodic Reaction in PEM Fuel Cells New Sorbents for Ultrapurification

of Transportation Fuels

Ralph T. Yang, U Michigan

Umit S. Ozkan, Ohio State U

Benny D. Freeman, UT Austin

11

Questions