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Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013
MES Mini-Grid Research Team
The Swarm Electrification Concept
Energy and Development, TU Berlin
by Daniel Philipp, Brian Edlefsen Lasch, Hannes Kirchhoff and Joseph Theune
Forschungsschwerpunkt Mikroenergie-Systeme (MES)
Technische Universität Berlin
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 2 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
What is “electrification”?
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 3 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Overview
• Background and motivation- (15 min)
• What is currently used? – (15 min)
• Workshop: How to design a paradigm shift in
rural electrification? (30 min)
• Presentation of Workshop Results (20 min)
• Mini-Feedback (5 min)
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 4 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
The Market
According to the United Nations Foundation:
• 1.3 billion people worldwide lack access to electricity
• Additional one billion people’s access is of poor quality
→ off-grid and temporary on-grid areas are a huge market
The “Energy for All Case” (IEA) expects:
• 30% of rural areas can be electrified via centralized grids
• 70% of rural areas can be electrified either with mini-
grids or with small stand-alone off-grid solutions
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 5 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
MES‘s Perspective
The focus is micro empowerment from the bottom-up
• Individual households and businesses are the basis for
the development
• Technology is based on the identified end-user needs
• Implementation with End-User Financing
(Microfinancing)
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 6 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Change of perspective to a bottom-up process
off-grid
far-from-grid
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 7 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Energy Access?
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 8 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Actors in Energy Access
Utility- large scale
• Timeline is uncertain
• Supply is often
unreliable
• Decision making is
top-down
End-User- small scale
• Often need (micro)-
financing
• O&M mainly by the
end-user
• Decision making is
bottom-up
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 9 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
A Standard Approach- Solar Home Systems
• Micro-financed solar home systems (SHS)
• 20 Wp to 85 Wp panels (or bigger)
• Lead acid batteries
• Efficient 12 V direct current loads (e.g. LED lights)
• Three day autonomy in case of cloudy conditions
• Payback period of 1 to 3 years
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 10 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Solar Home Systems installed in Bangladesh
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Million sold
SH
S
Data from IDCOL (2013)
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 11 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Rural
Peri-
Peri-Urban
Urban
Where are the Clients of an MFI?
MFI
MFI Branch
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 12 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Off-Grid
Close-to-
Grid
Temporary On-Grid
/ On-Grid
Electrification and MicroEnergy
MFI
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 13 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Off-Grid
Close-to-
Grid
Temporary On-Grid
/ On-Grid
Swarm Building
MFI
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 14 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Inspirations from the field
Bangladesh, Namibia, Tanzania, Philippines
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 15 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Challenges Faced
SHSs
• Serve only
basic needs
• Productive use
is limited
• Excess
generation is
dumped
Minigrid
• Unable to
recover capital
costs
• Capacity is
quite inflexible
• High risks are
associated for
investor
Grid Extension
• Timeline is
uncertain
• Frequent
outages occur
• Large amounts
of capital are
required
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 16 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Our proposition:
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 17 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Workshop
Group 1: AC or DC? About safety, appliances and flexibility- Daniel.
Group 2: Mesh or bus? How topology matters. – Hannes.
Group 3: Smart swarms?- The role of ICTs- Brian.
Group 4: Link the interlinked?- How to grow the swarm.- Joseph.
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 18 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Group 1: AC or DC?
About safety,
appliances and
flexibility- Daniel.
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 19 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Group 2:
Mesh or bus?
How topology matters.
– Hannes.
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 20 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Group 3:
Smart swarms?
The role of ICTs.
-Brian.
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 21 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Group 4:
Link the interlinked?-
How to grow the
swarm.- Joseph.
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 22 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Presentation of Results
Group 1: AC or DC? About safety, appliances and flexibility- Daniel.
Group 2: Mesh or bus? How topology matters. – Hannes.
Group 3: Smart swarms?- The role of ICTs- Brian.
Group 4: Link the interlinked?- How to grow the swarm.- Joseph.
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 23 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Summary
• Starting from the Status Quo
• Flexible development, supply follows demand closely
• Enhanced productive use
• Three phase bottom-up process
• Multiple financing options
• Research ahead
Research Group Microenergy Systems, TU Berlin, 05.11.2013 24 MES Mini-Grid Research Team
Thank you for your participation!
Source: NY Times