emvt 12 september - henk polinder - tu delft
DESCRIPTION
Direct Drive in Wave Energy Conversion - AWS Full Scale Prototype Case Study Miguel Prado, Henk PolinderTRANSCRIPT
1 Challenge the future
Miguel Prado, Henk Polinder
Direct Drive in Wave Energy Conversion
- AWS Full Scale Prototype Case Study
2 Challenge the future
Structure
1 Introduction
2 Wave Energy Overview
3 AWS Wave Energy Converter
4 PTO of AWS Pilot Plant
5 Conclusions
3 Challenge the future
Wave Energy is not new ...
Source: Christine Miller (www.outsidelands.org/wave-motor.php) and Power Magazine 1911
Holland Wave Motor
California, USA, 1895
US Wave Motor Corporation
New Jersey, USA, 1911
4 Challenge the future
Different technologies being developed
Pelamis, Scotland
Wavestar, Denmark OPT, USA
OWC Pico, Portugal
Source: www.wavec.org; www.emec.org.uk
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Wavedragon, Denmark
OEbuoy, Ireland
Wavebob, Ireland
Aquamarine, Scotland
Source: www.wavec.org; www.emec.org.uk
And many more …
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Only a few direct drive applications ...
Source: www.wavec.org; www.emec.org.uk
AWS 2MW, The Netherlands
Oregon Univ. 10kW, USA Uppsala Univ. 10kW, Sweden
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Structure
1 Introduction
2 Wave Energy Overview
2.1 Waves (Fundamentals & World Resource)
2.2 Wave Energy Conversion
3 AWS Wave Energy Converter
4 PTO of AWS Pilot Plant
5 Conclusions
8 Challenge the future
Waves, a byproduct of solar energy ...
Source: Hagerman, G., “Wave and Tidal Power: Projects and Prospects”, CEAG, 2005
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No net mass transport (particles follow elliptical orbits)
Skin effect (motion decays exponentially from surface)
Energy storage (kinetic & gravitational potential)
Dispersion in frequency (T=6-12s => Vg=5-10m/s)
Power transmission by pulses (2 x wave frequency)
P
Monochromatic Waves
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time
MAXPP 5.0
P
P
Monochromatic Waves
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Real Seas (Polychromatic)
P
MAXPP 1.0
P
time
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Source: “Wave Energy Utilization in Europe – Current Status and Perspectives”, CRES , 2002 ; Kinsman, B., “Wind Waves”, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1965
World Offshore Wave Resource ~2 TW
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~
~Wave
(variable heightand period)
Electricity - Grid(constant voltageand frequency)WEC
Wave Energy Conversion
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Wave(variable height
and period)
Captor PTO (Power Take Off)
2 ... N1
Electricity - Grid(constant voltageand frequency)
Wave Energy Conversion
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Structure
1 Introduction
2 Wave Energy Overview
3 AWS Wave Energy Converter
3.1 Concept
3.2 Pilot Plant
4 PTO of AWS Pilot Plant
5 Conclusions
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AWS Concept
• Submerged Device (better survivability)
• Variable Volume (higher performance)
• Adjustable Natural Period (higher performance)
• Direct Drive PTO (higher reliability & performance)
• Water Brakes (additional safety)
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• Captor diameter:9.5m
• Captor stroke: 7m
• Max. PTO Force: 1MN
• Nominal speed: 2.2m/s
• Deployment: easy & reversible
• Test Location: North Portugal (44m)
• Test Period: < 1 year
6 km ~
~
Landstation
15kVGrid
AWS Pilot Plant
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Pilot Plant Construction (2000-2001)
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Pilot Plant Final Submersion (2004)
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Structure
1 Introduction
2 Wave Energy Overview
3 AWS Wave Energy Converter
4 PTO of AWS Pilot Plant
4.1 Design
4.2 Construction & Installation
4.3 Offshore Tests Results
5 Conclusions
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Design Choices (Linear Generator)
• Topology:
3-phase longitudinal flux PM machine
Magnets on the translator
Materials:
NdFeB magnets
Copper windings
Laminated iron (stator core), solid back iron (translator)
• Geometry:
Flat, double-sided machine (balance of magnetic forces)
Translator > stator (higher overlap)
Slots/pole/phase: 1
• Cooling: water cooled
• Power electronics: current source inverter
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Design Options (Linear Generator)
T o p M id B o t t o m
T r a n s l a t o rS e g m e n t
S t a t o rS e g m e n t
T r a n s l a t o r P o s i t i o n
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Design Options (Converter)
Grid15kV, 50Hz
AC/AC Converter
Generator0-6kV, 0-21Hz
3kV/3kV/15kV2x1330kVA
AC/AC Converter
RDC
Generator0-6kV, 0-21Hz
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Construction (Translator)
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Construction (Stator)
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Installation (Stator)
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Installation (Stator)
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Installation (Translator)
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Installation (Translator)
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Installation (Land Station)
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Offshore Test Results (Resistor Bank)
~
~
15kVGrid
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Offshore Test Results (Grid Connected)
14:00 14:15 14:30 14:45 15:00 15:150
50
100
150
200
250
PD
C (
kW
)
14:00 14:15 14:30 14:45 15:00 15:150
20
40
60
80
100
120
RD
C (
)
~
~
15kVGrid
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Structure
1 Introduction
2 Wave Energy Overview
3 AWS Wave Energy Converter
4 PTO of AWS Pilot Plant
5 Conclusions
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Conclusions / Lessons learnt
• AWS designed, built and tested
• Test results demonstrate the operating principle
• Only test results at low power levels
• Difficulties of submersion operation underestimated
• The principle of AWS is very simple, but all kinds of secondary
systems compromise reliability
• Economic viability is not easy
35 Challenge the future
Thank you very much !