Empire of the IncaEmpire of the Inca

How an empire was formed high How an empire was formed high in the Andes Mountains.in the Andes Mountains.

I. Where, When, HowI. Where, When, How

A. When-1200-1532 C.E.

B. Where- the highlands of Ecuador, Peru, and Chile.

C. Population over one million people

D. Largest Southern American civilization.

E. Language- Quechua

II. ReligionII. Religion

• A. Viracocha-  created the heavens, Earth, and human beings. Not most important

• B. Inti- Most important. Sun God.

• C. Kings were often mummified and used by current king in time of need.

III. SacrificeIII. Sacrifice

• A. Sacrifice was a part of the Inca religion.

• B. What was sacrificed?a. Crops

b. Animals, mainly llamas

c. Humans (in some cases)• It was considered a great honor to be chosen as a

human sacrifice, and the emperor personally blessed you.

IV. AgricultureIV. AgricultureA. Growing

crops. a. high altitude=

harsh growing climate.terraced farming was

their specialty

1. Terracing is carved platforms from the side of mountain. Gardens are built on these platforms.

Buildings and Arcitecture Buildings and Arcitecture B. Built thousands of

miles of roads, including bridges and tunnels, connecting their kingdom.

C. irrigation system that watered the terraces and villages.

D. Build structure out of stone without metal tools nor mortar.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7mqnDnukm4

V. Ruling ClassV. Ruling Class– TOP

• Sapa Inca (son of the Sun god Inti) KING

• Wife Coya (daughter of the moon) Sister/cousin to Sapa

– Next• Leaders of the Inca cities

– Then• Council of Nobles.

– Rich, military leaders, ruling family memebers

– Priests were found in ruling families and nobles.

– Finally• Most everyone else.

When the Inca would conquer a new tribe, they bring the ruler of that conquered tribe into the fold of ruling family as long as they fought for the Inca.

Because of the dependence of the King and ruling family, when Spanish took them out of power the kingdom fell quickly.

VI. Economy (the Mita System)VI. Economy (the Mita System)

• Definition: Required work for all adult males to work for the state for a certain number of days a year.

– Woman required to weaver a specified amount of cloth for the state a year

– Examples of Mita work:• Soldiers• Stoneworker• Builder (building

buildings, canals, etc.)• Dancer

VII. The Spanish ConquestVII. The Spanish Conquest

• In 1532, the Spanish explorer Francisco Pizarro arrived in Peru.

• Pizarro was accompanied by about 180 men, who lured Atahualpa into a trap, captured him, and held him prisoner

• Pizarro demanded a ransom of a room filled with gold and another filled twice with silver.

VIII. Fall of the IncaVIII. Fall of the Inca

• The Inca paid the ransom• Before his death

Atahualpa has his brother killed so Atahualpa won’t be dethroned while imprisoned

• The Spanish killed Atahualpa anyway.

• Once the Inca king was killed the Inca civilization slowly dissolved with help of diseases, such as smallpox.

• The final Inca was captured in 1572.

IX. Inca TodayIX. Inca Today

• The Inca culture is still evident in the Andes today.

• Spanish conquerors tried to destroy the Inca religion and customs, but did not succeed.

• Many people still speak Quechua, the language of the Inca.

• Farmers still work on terraces the Inca built

• Clothing styles of the Inca have been passed down through the generations.