emerging contaminant pfas in maine...2015 air guard samples kittery naval shipyard 2016 confirmed gw...

MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Protecting Maine’s Air, Land and Water

Chris Evans CG

Senior Environmental Hydrogeologist

Division of Technical Services

Emerging Contaminant

PFAS in Maine

MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep

Emerging Issue

P per and poly

F fluoro

A alkyl

S substances

ITRC Naming Conventions (2017)


Emerging Issue

PFCAs 8+ carbonsPFSAs 6+ carbons

Long Chain

Short Chain

PFCAs 7- carbonsPFSAs 5- carbons

PFAA groups

ITRC Naming Conventions (2017)


Emerging Issue

ASWDA (2016)

Emerging Issue


ITRC Fate and Transport (2018)


Emerging Issue

PFOS / PFOA Lifetime Health Advisories (HA)

2009 Provisional Advisories PFOS 200ppt, PFOA 400ppt

2016 Updated and Final

Issued Lifetime Drinking Water Health Advisory Combined PFOS + PFOA = 70 ppt

Chemicals often co-occur and RfDs for both based on developmental effects which are numerically identical.

Explains why HA is applied to the sum of the concentrations.


Emerging Issue

2016 Health Advisory

Health Effects includedevelopmental effects, increased cholesterol, immune function effects, liver and kidney effects, reproductive effects, and suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential: PFOA kidney, testicular cancers PFOS evidence of liver adenomas and thyroid in rats.


DEP Action and Testing

• DEP prioritized investigating PFAS in DW (April 2017);

• Active remediation sites near DW supplies;

• Prior to closing a site with other risk factors;

• Land applied biosolids or compost;

• EPA 5-year review sites.

PFAS in Maine

Current DEP Criteria

• Remedial Action Guidelines (RAGs) 2018

– Groundwater:

• PFOA 0.4 ug/L

• PFOS 0.4 ug/L

– with reference to USEPA Health Advisory for groundwater used as drinking water

• PFOA 0.07 ug/L

• PFOS 0.07 ug/L

• And sum of PFOA/PFOS at 0.07 ug/L

Current DEP Criteria• Remedial Action Guidelines (RAGs) 2018

– Soil Direct Contact (residential):

• PFOA 1.7 mg/kg (PPM)

• PFOS 1.7 mg/kg (PPM)

– Soil Leaching to Groundwater:



• Chapter 418 Beneficial Reuse of Solid Wastes (2018)

– Screening Levels Soil to Groundwater:




PFAS in Maine

Biosolids Testing

• 73 facilities licensed to compost or land apply biosolids;

• If material exceeded Chapter 418 screening criteria, required loading rate calculations, some site-specific soil testing;

Photo: Casella Organics

Samples That Exceeded Screening Criteria

Sludge Compost Mill Residuals Soil

PFOA 64 % 89 % N/A 19 %

PFOS 90 % 74 % N/A 57 %


Ongoing PFAS Investigations

Corn Uptake Study

Land spread field(s) – Silage Corn;

Soil and Corn Adjacent Stacking Area;

Collaboration with MECDC and DACF;

Leaching Study - Pending

Update to Modeled Values;

Field Verification of Model Results at Multiple Locations;


Ongoing PFAS Investigations

Septage Testing

9 Facilities planned: municipal, dewatering, land application;

Unlined Landfill Testing

Prioritized groundwater and drinking water testing adjacent to closed landfills;


PFAS in Maine

Maine Data

• Over 30,000 records from 244 sites;

• Data on 28 different PFAS;

• Includes DEP sampling, facility sampling, UCMR3, DWP samples;

• Media sampled: GW, SW, pore water, storm water, soil, sediment, fish tissue, hay, pellet feed, compost, manure, sawdust, bedrock, formed fiber.


PFAS in Maine

Types of Sites

➢ DoD: GW, soil, sediment, fish, SW, storm water runoff, pore water, sawdust, bedrock chips

➢ Drinking Water: PWS and private drinking water wells➢ Landfills: GW, SW, leachate➢ Sludge➢ Sludge Spreading Sites: GW, SW, soil, manure, hay➢ Superfund Sites: GW, SW, soil, ➢ Uncontrolled Sites: GW, SW, soil, sediment, formed fiber➢ VRAP and Brownfield Sites: GW


PFAS in Maine

PFAS in Maine


Brunswick NAS2012 Sampled soil, GW for RCRA building closure and treatment plant2013-14 Base wide samplingCutler2012 Confirmed at fire training areasDow AFB Bangor (BIA)2015 Air Guard samplesKittery Naval Shipyard2016 Confirmed GW detectsLoring AFB2013 Confirmed onsite contamination2015 Sampled sediment and GW


PFAS in MaineFormer NAS Brunswick

ASWDA (2016)

AFFF Releases at hangers, fuel tank farms, fire training area;

Accidental, training, maintenance;

After identification on base evaluated potential off base impacts;

MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep ASWDA (2016)

PFAS in MaineSmall Vehicle Fire

https://www.maine.gov/pfastaskforce/

MembersChair

Dr. Meredith Tipton

Department of Environmental Protection

Jerry Reid, Commissioner

Department of Health and Human

Services

Jeanne Lambrew, Commissioner

Department of Agriculture, Conservation

and Forestry

Amanda Beal, Commissioner

Department of Defense, Veterans and

Emergency Management

Major General Doug Farnham

Maine Public Health Association

Dr. Lani Graham

Certified Wastewater Treatment Plant

Operator

Andre Brousseau

Biosolids Management Professionals

Jeff McBurnie

Environmental Health Strategy Center

Michael Belliveau

Pulp and Paper Industry

Charles Kraske

Public Drinking Water Professionals

Norm Labbe

Maine PFAS Task Force


EPA National Management Plan

• Developed a risk communication toolbox;• Local Government Advisory Committee;• Will announce an MCL regulatory determination

by Dec 2019 for PFOA and PFOS;• Issued draft interim recommendations for GW cleanup;• Proposed adding PFAS compounds to the next UCMR cycle;• Working with NTP to expand knowledge of toxicity;• Directed ORD to direct funds toward research to help manage

PFAS impacting agriculture.

Federal Action

PFAS Status At USEPA


November 2019 – Released draft protocol for completing toxicity assessment for 5 PFAS (PFDA, PFNA, PFHxA, PFHxS, and PFBA)

December 2019 – Proposed rulemaking to add PFAS to the list of chemicals subject to reporting under the Toxic Release Inventory.

environmental releases, waste management, pollution prevention, recycling data;

Federal Action

PFAS Status At USEPA


PFAS in Maine

Staying Informed

DEP Interagency Information Exchange

EPA Workgroup (to improve HA process)

Direct discussion with ORD

EPA Small Water Systems Series

EPA Region 1 Workgroup

Environmental Council of States

Assoc. of Clean Water Administrators

Assoc. of State Drinking Water Administrators

Assoc. of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials

NE Waste Management Officials Assoc.

Interstate Technology Regulatory Council

Green Science Policy Institute

Contact:

www.maine.gov/dep

Technical Questions:

Chris [email protected]

207.441.5181

Policy and Related Questions:

Kerri [email protected]

207.215.1894

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

emerging contaminant pfas in maine...2015 air guard samples kittery naval shipyard 2016 confirmed gw...

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