emad ebeid davide quaglia post-doc @ eng department ... · emad ebeid post-doc @ eng department...
TRANSCRIPT
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Davide Quaglia
Assistant Professor @ CS depart
University of Verona, Italy
Emad Ebeid
Post-doc @ ENG Department
Aarhus University
Denmark
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• Networked Embedded Systems (NES) are an important class of devices
– Network functionalities are at the core of design
objectives
– Network requirements come together with
IntroductionIntroduction
– Network requirements come together with
traditional requirements
• Distributed Embedded Systems are group of NES which are connected together using network interfaces, standardized protocols and channels
– Example: Temperature control of a building
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IntroductionIntroduction
Temperature control of a buildingTemperature control of a building
• Scenario:
– Hundreds of concurrent tasks.
– Heterogeneous tasks.
– Devices with different capabilities.
A C S
Activation of a set of
independentcoolers
Temperature sensing
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– Devices with different capabilities.
– Wireless and wired channels.
– Many communication protocols.
– Nodes position affects system performance.
• Questions:
– How many nodes?
– How to assign tasks to nodes?
– Which network protocols?
– Which intermediate systems?
A C S
A C S
Communicationinfrastructure
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Application requirements: functional & non-functional
Model-driven design
Traditional design flow for embedded Traditional design flow for embedded systems:systems:
IntroductionIntroduction
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Platform description:
IP blocks (CPU, memory, ASIC)
Design-space
Exploration
(DSE) HW/SW partitioning
Final result
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a = b AND c
HW/SW HW/SW partitioning:partitioning:
IntroductionIntroduction
6
b
ca
{
a = b && c;
}
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High level function model
a
b f
modelingF(a,b,c)= a AND (not b) AND c
IntroductionIntroductionHardware Hardware design:design:
b
c
Mapping
a
b
c
f
f
Auto
matic S
ynth
esis
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Software development Software development
• Functionality is described with different languages and an automatic process is used to generate assembly code for different target CPU’s
Application spaceJava, C, Perl, Python(functions, classes ,
template)
IntroductionIntroduction
CPU’s
• Modeling of the functionality: High level languages
• Automatic synthesis: Compilers
Architectural space
Instruction sets (Intel, ARM)
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IntroductionIntroduction• Distributed embedded system as a single system to be
designed
Zone IZone IZone IZone I Zone VZone VZone VZone V Zone VIZone VIZone VIZone VI
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Zone IIZone IIZone IIZone II Zone IIIZone IIIZone IIIZone III
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Application requirementsSteps of state-of-the-art system design flow
Additional steps for network design
Formal network model
Computational and
communication requirements
IntroductionIntroductionNew design flow for NESNew design flow for NES
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Platform description
Design-space exploration
of nodes
NW DSE& NetworkSynthesis
Network-awaredescription
of the application
Channel & protocol description
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IntroductionIntroduction• Start from an abstract Model-Driven System Specification
• Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded
Systems (MARTE) profile for the unified modeling
language (UML)
• Refinement steps and simulations
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• Refinement steps and simulations
• Standard representation of requirement and solutions
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BackgroundBackground• Design of the network infrastructure starting from a
library of nodes and channels (Network synthesis)
– Communication Aware Specification and Synthesis
Environment (CASSE), [FDL 2010]
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– COmmunication Synthesis Infrastructure framework
(COSI), [IEEE TASE '12]
• Open issue : Both approaches do not rely on a standard
representation of requirements (from the initial user
specification) and solutions
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Key ideaKey idea
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Proposed Proposed methodologymethodology
Application requirements
SystemC /TLM
Description of actual nodes & channels
Environmentdescription
Tasks & Data flows
Distributedarchitecture
SystemC NetworkSimulation
Library (SCNSL)
Modeling
requirements
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Task implementation
CASSE/ manipulation
Throughput & Latency
requirements
Communication & computationrequirements Environment constraints Description of actual nodes and channels
Nodes & channelsallocation
Network statistics:packet loss rate,
delay
System
View
SimulationNetwork
synthesis
Network
View
Simulation
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Application requirements
SystemC /TLM
Description of actual nodes & channels
Environmentdescription
Tasks & Data flows
Distributedarchitecture
SystemC NetworkSimulation
Library (SCNSL)
Modeling
requirements
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Task implementation
CASSE/ manipulation
Throughput & Latency
requirements
Communication & computationrequirements Environment constraints Description of actual nodes and channels
Nodes & channelsallocation
Network statistics:packet loss rate,
delay
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Modeling requirementsModeling requirements
• The main aspects to be represented in UML/MARTE are:
– Tasks, data flows, nodes, channels and the external environment
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Task Task
Node
Channel
Data flow
Zone
Node
Zone
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Modeling requirementsModeling requirements
• Generic Quantitative Analysis Modeling (GQAM) sub-profile of MARTE profile are used to specify the semantics of some classes and their attributes
• This is the first time that GQAM is used to model the network
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Modeling requirementsModeling requirements
• Generic Quantitative Analysis Modeling (GQAM) sub-profile of MARTE profile are used to specify the semantics of some classes and their attributes
• This is the first time that GQAM is used to model the network
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Modeling requirementsModeling requirements
• Generic Quantitative Analysis Modeling (GQAM) sub-profile of MARTE profile are used to specify the semantics of some classes and their attributes
• This is the first time that GQAM is used to model the network
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Modeling requirementsModeling requirements
• Generic Quantitative Analysis Modeling (GQAM) sub-profile of MARTE profile are used to specify the semantics of some classes and their attributes
• This is the first time that GQAM is used to model the network
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Modeling requirementsModeling requirements
• Generic Quantitative Analysis Modeling (GQAM) sub-profile of MARTE profile are used to specify the semantics of some classes and their attributes
• This is the first time that GQAM is used to model the network
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Modeling requirementsModeling requirements
• Generic Quantitative Analysis Modeling (GQAM) sub-profile of MARTE profile are used to specify the semantics of some classes and their attributes
• This is the first time that GQAM is used to model the network
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Modeling requirementsModeling requirements
• Modeling of constraint:
– Application constraints are specified by using cardinality on the
relationships between classes
• Example of constraint: “maximum one instance of t3 can be assigned to a single node”assigned to a single node”
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Application requirements
SystemC /TLM
Description of actual nodes & channels
Environmentdescription
Tasks & Data flows
Distributedarchitecture
SystemC NetworkSimulation
Library (SCNSL)
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Task implementation
CASSE/ manipulation
Throughput & Latency
requirements
Communication & computationrequirements Environment constraints Description of actual nodes and channels
Nodes & channelsallocation
Network statistics:packet loss rate,
delay
System
View
Simulation
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System view simulationSystem view simulation
• UML/MARTE class diagram is extracted and used to generate SystemC/TLM model
– Transformations are straight forward also
(Villar,2009 and Vanderperren,2008)
• Execution of the SystemC model• Execution of the SystemC model
– Validate of functional behavior of the
application
– Fine-tune implementation details such as the
content of exchanged messages and their
sending rates
• Back annotation of throughput, latency and max error rate inside UML/MARTE model
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Application requirements
SystemC /TLM
Description of actual nodes & channels
Environmentdescription
Tasks & Data flows
Distributedarchitecture
SystemC NetworkSimulation
Library (SCNSL)
26
Task implementation
CASSE/ manipulation
Throughput & Latency
requirements
Communication & computationrequirements Environment constraints Description of actual nodes and channels
Nodes & channelsallocation
Network statistics:packet loss rate,
delay
Network
synthesis
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Network synthesisNetwork synthesis
• All the information about user constraints, communication requirements and actual channels and nodes are extracted from the UML/MARTE model and translated into Network synthesis mathematical representation
• CASSE provides a mathematical notation to specify the network • CASSE provides a mathematical notation to specify the network dimension of a distributed embedded system, preparing the way for network synthesis
Dataflow(f4) = [t3, t4, [3, 1, 0.3]].
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Network Network synthesis cont’dsynthesis cont’d
Set of Set of tasks & tasks & data data flowsflows
UML deployment diagram:Assignment of tasks inside nodes
and data flows inside channels
NW Synthesis
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The building geometryThe building geometry
Technological Technological librarylibrary
(network nodes and channels)(network nodes and channels)
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Network Network synthesis cont’dsynthesis cont’d
Set of Set of tasks & tasks & data data flowsflows
UML deployment diagram:Assignment of tasks inside nodes
and data flows inside channels
NW Synthesis
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The building geometryThe building geometry
Technological Technological librarylibrary
(network nodes and channels)(network nodes and channels)
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Manipulation
• This step aims at obtaining several NW alternatives which are equivalent from the network perspectivenetwork perspective
• Examples of manipulation rules– Divide
– Split
– Merge
– Aggregate
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Application requirements
SystemC /TLM
Description of actual nodes & channels
Environmentdescription
Tasks & Data flows
Distributedarchitecture
SystemC NetworkSimulation
Library (SCNSL)
31
Task implementation
CASSE/ manipulation
Throughput & Latency
requirements
Communication & computationrequirements Environment constraints Description of actual nodes and channels
Nodes & channelsallocation
Network statistics:packet loss rate,
delay
Network
View
Simulation
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Network view simulationNetwork view simulation
• SCNSL is an extension of SystemC to allow modeling packet-based networks
– It allows the easy and complete modeling of distributed applications of networked
embedded systems such as wireless sensor networks, routers, and distributed
plant controllersplant controllers
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SCNSL
Task t3
Task t4
Task t5
Node
n9 Node
n9
Channela2UML deployment diagram
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Network view simulationNetwork view simulation
• Correspondence between UML/MARTE and SCNSL elements
UML/MARTE SCNSL
Node (n1) n1 = scnsl->createNode();
33E. Ebeid, F. Fummi, D. Quaglia, F. Stefanni
Channel (ch)
bound to node (n1)
CoreChannelSetup t ccs;
ch = scnsl->createChannel(ccs);
BindSetup base t bsb1;
scnsl->bind(n1,ch,bsb1);
Data flow between task (t1)
and task (t2)
CoreCommunicatorSetup t ccoms;
mac1 = scnsl ->createCommunicator(ccoms);
scnsl->bind(& t1,& t2,ch,bsb1,mac1);
Zones (z1…zn) Environment_if_t object
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Case studyCase study
• one instance of actuator should be placed in each zone
• max……
+
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User requirement
System View
modeling
NW synthesis tool
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Case Case study cont’dstudy cont’d
NW view modeling
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Network simulator (SCNSL)
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Case Case study cont’dstudy cont’d
NW
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NW simulation statistics
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Case Case study cont’dstudy cont’d
NW
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NW simulation statistics
NW manipulation
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SummarySummary
• User requirements and constraints has been modeled by using UML/MARTE profile and simulated by SystemC/TLM at system view level
• Simulation results has been used to refine the user model
• Network synthesis tools have been used to solve the application problem
• Network solutions have been modeled and simulated by using SCNSL
• Network statistics have been used for the final refinement of application model
• Manipulation and Automatic design-space exploration
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ConclusionsConclusions
• Some UML/MARTE diagrams and stereotypes have been used as a first time to represent the building blocks of a distributed embedded application
– Elements from the MARTE specification have been applied to the context of
distributed embedded applicationsdistributed embedded applications
• Some gaps in MARTE standard have been identified concerning the representation of constraints and attributes related to error rate information
• SystemC code has been generated for both functional and network-aware simulation
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A A UMLUML--centric centric design flow for networked embedded systems design flow for networked embedded systems has been has been createdcreated