em group 8 project

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Are we really paying up the price of usingLeather ?

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Environmental Implications ofThe Kanpur Leather Industry

Submitted by:Group No. 8, Section: A

Abhishek Prasad (PGP/16/001)Hemant Raj Singh (PGP/16/021)Ravi Kant Verma (PGP/16/041)Tanisha Pradhan (PGP/16/055)Zeeshan Hassan (PGP/16/059)

Environment Management Project

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Agenda

IntroductionWhy Kanpur

LeatherIndustry ?

StakeholderAnalysis

How isenvironment

affected ?

How are localsaffected ?

How isagricultureaffected ?

What roledoes Industry

Play ?

What is plightof Labour ?

What are theGovernmentinitiatives ?

Suggestions Ideal IndustryA Ray of Hope

!

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The Indian Leather Industry

Among top ten foreign exchangeearners for the Indian economy

Employs 2.5 million people.

Accounts about 3% in the globalleather import trade.

2nd largest producer of footwearand leather garments in the world.

Known to be very polluting Organic and Inorganic solids !!

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Why Kanpur Leather Industry ?

Kanpur - Leather City of India

Highest producer of leatherproducts

No regulation in place to

check the industry

Far reaching implications

Poisoning of the Ganga(Ganges) Ground water poisoningNegative health effects onworkers and localsAnimal and aquatic life

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Stakeholder Analysis

KanpurLeatherIndustry

Employersand

Employees

Govern-ment

Environ-mentIndustry

Farmers

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Jajmau8


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How is Environment Affected ?

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Liquid Effluentshaving trace of

chromium, sulfide,ammonium andsalts enter intoaquatic system

Discharged wasteend up as sediment

acting as sourceand sink ofpollution

Resulting sedimentaffects aquatic lifeand Ganga water

badly

Ganga River

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Large amount oftoxic chemical

waste buried inthe ground

Toxic wastecontaining metals

like Chromium,Cadmium pollute

groundwater

Pollutedgroundwater used

for drinkingaffects health of

people

Ground Water

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Sludge fromtannery

industries leaksinto soil and

agricultural land

Sludge iscontaminatedwith toxic metals

likechromium(VI)

and other toxins

Afflicted soilaffects crops

affectingagriculturalproduction

Soil

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How are the Locals Affected ?

People sufferfrom deadlycancer, lung

problems

CARCINOGENICITY

Isolation ofpeoplesuffering fromcancer by

villagers

SOCIAL CAPITAL

Exposure todeadly fumes onburning leather

AIR POLLUTION ECONOMIC

Sick cows andbuffaloes produceless milk affectingincome of villagers

Villagers residing around Kanpur leather tannery commonly called as Chakeri

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People have been suffering from diseases

originating from polluted air (from bhattis),

acidic water (contaminated groundwater

from pumps), and contaminated foodchain

-Dr. Shivlal SharmaCMO, Govt.

Hospital Kanpur

The doctors said that contaminated water

was the cause of my kidney disease

- Deven Kr Yadav (Sufferer)

Misery of the locals !!

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How is Agriculture Effected ?

The free chromium entering the food chain

Raw Sewagebeing fed to the

farm landsbefore the

Ganga ActionPlan

GAP has furtherworsenedsituation

TreatedWastewater +

Tanneryeffluentsinstead of

Ganga water

Kanpur NagarNigam is very

ignorant of thesituation

The treatedwater also ,

containsCadmium and

the carcinogenicChromium

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Economic Impacts

Low Yield OfWheat, PaddyAnd Barseem

Stunted And IllNature Of Yield

Changing CropPattern

LivestockProductivity

Affected

Loss ofBargaining

Power

Frequent FishMortality

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Social Implications

Loss of trust in the village people by outsiders

People not able to sell milk and crops

Crops sold in market by false claims

People from the area are looked down upon

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Socio-Ecological results

Loss of bio-diversity in the area

Polluted air due to fumes

False presentation of supplied crops have

larger ill effects

50 years of wastewater and 20 of tannerywater has made the land poisonous

Animals falling ill and dying

Low income and falling living standards

Floriculture sustaining livelihood in these

villages hit severely 19


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Institutional Dilemma

Should the farmers be made to pay forthe unsafe irrigation water or

compensated for consuming it?

Is it anyways safe to discharge tannery water inthe river ?

Norms for safe irrigation water?

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Politicians astannery owners circumventlaws

contributed17.5 per cent

cost of the CETP

What Role Industry Plays ?

poor and fraudulentEnforcementproblems

believed their activity does

not harm environment

Owners

Bureaucratic obstacle in CEPTs operations

chromium recoveryplants

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Customer demand and government pressure: Motivation forimplementation of environmental practices

Joint tannery waste andcity sewer treatment

facility

CETP in

Jajmau

Many other industries are letting their waste into the general city sewer

Ambiguity in what one is supposed to be doing

Lack of information

Policies change with timeMisunderstandings onpart of the tanners

Not dependent upon how much quantity

water one use or dischargeOperational price

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No one thinks of spending time and effort to develop a5 or 10-year strategy on any issue

Shorter Planning Horizon

short-time perspectivefor their business

for some the survival isfrom year to year

smaller tanneries-operations is on and off

on a monthly basis

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What is the plight of Labour ?

The urinary and blood samples collected from the exposed workers showed

significantly higher levels of chromium

10 to 100 workers

Manual operations

Small andmediumtanneries Several hundred

Better productiontechnology andmechanized

Largescale

Hazardous workingconditions

chemicals( tanningpigments (Cr VI), organic

solvents and otherchemicals) and dust

Manual materialshandling leading to less

trunk flexion

Respiratory disorders,gastrointestinal tract

problems, skin complaints,and low-back pain

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What does Labour have to say?

Workers still showwillingness to work

there

They say there are no

after effects of thiswork on health

Lack of awareness,regular health

check ups

Also they supportindustry saying, no

wastage from tanneries

Disposed in one oranother way

No damage to soilby the effluent

rather it containselements that

make land morefertile

In general the atmosphere is laden with fumes and hides discharge foul smell

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Tragedy of Open

Access

Ganga Action Plan (GAP)

Water quality to bemonitored and primarytreatment of effluentsshould be undertaken

Included the constructionof the CETP to treat

tannery effluent.

Dutch Project : Toprevent pollution of the

river Ganges and improveliving conditions ofpeople in Jajmau

Established regulationswith respect to water

pollution

SPCB State PollutionControl Board was

regulatory authority

The ganga river presents anopen access property

Non-excludable hence nosingle person ready to takeresponsibility to manage it

No effective controls are inplace, or feasible thus the costof exclusion outweighs thebenefits

What are initiatives of Government ?

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Water Treatment Plants

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200 Water Treatment Plants for400 tanneries

Only 65% efficient

Waste water is highly corrosiveand constantly damagingexisting plants

Supreme Court has alreadydirected to share these costs on50:50 bases among Tanners andKNN

A larger part of this problemexists with the carelessbehaviour of the governmentinstitutions

Government InitiativesGAP-I

Intermediate Pumping

Stations(IPS)-to collect the effluentwaste from the tanneries

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Kanpur is being dumped with tonnes of sledge Kanpur is being discharged with gallons of contaminated water People dying of worst kind of diseases

Once a Beautiful Eco-System turned to a Living Hell

The Gangais more polluted than ever before !!

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And What Media speaks

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Suggestions

Effective Government Control

Effective Monitoring Methods

Noisy Monitoring

Financial Support

Promote Better Techniques

Human Resource Development

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An Example Worth Discussing !!!

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Founded in 1938

Situated in Salta (North-Western Argentina)

State of the art technology

Process over 9,000 hides a day, 7 days per week

Argentines first tannery to have ISO14001, ISO 9001 certification

ARLEI Leather & Tanneries


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ARLEI Leather Tanneries, Las Toscas, Santa Fe Province, Argentina33


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ARLEI Leather Tanneries

Committed to preserve the increasingly fragile environment and

Responsible for the safety and health of the surrounding communities

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In 2000 U$S 4 million invested in effluent

treatment plant

Initial capacity was 7 MLD

By year 2010, water treatment capacity

achieved was 11 MLD

Process 100% of all Tanning fluids Las Toscas Santa Fe

Use of natural products e.g. Tannins

NO-Chrome or Cadmium Technology

Very old & Environment-friendly Method

o Takes longer time than Chrome Tanning

o Adds extra cost to the final productVegetable Tanning


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Solid Waste Treatment Plant

Vegetable Tanning

Vegetable Tanning

Mechanized Factories


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Arlei complies with all TVrequirements

Arlei was the first tannery inArgentina to qualify for the ISO14001 certificate

Guarantees its commitmenttowards the environment

Training Program for all its staff toreinforces eco-friendly policy

Taken several steps to minimizewaste

Implemented an Internal Recycling

Program


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Challenges for reforms

Poor and Fraudulent Regulation

No customer demand for cleaner

product

Flexible Export rules to developingnations

Bureaucratic Obstacles

Misleading and ill-defined rules

Lack of Funds

But there is a Ray of Hope !!!38


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Area Water Partnership

Society for Action in Community Health (SACH) -SPWDs sub partners and is responsible for Ground

work

Shramik Bharti NGO to run Micro-Planning Activities

Society for Promotion ofWastelands Development (SPWD)

Area Water PartnershipZone-2 Kanpur Nagar Nigam

India Water Partnership(GWP-India)

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Field Visits in 9 Villages in Feb12

Prevalence of water borne diseases Identifying role of residents and KNNbeneficiaries

Water & Sanitation River Ganga

Identification of possible stakeholders in

the AWP

Follow-Up Visits in May12

Follow-up visits to the residents of both

the wards Awareness generation Micro-planning Formation of Ward Bodies

Hold Discussions

Shrishti Samajik Sansthan

Area Water Partnership

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Objective of AWP

Develop a Joint Stakeholder Forum

Develop a plan to bring Industry and Government on the same page

Issues identified

Non-availability of potable drinking

water

Lack of proper sanitation facilities

Piling up of garbage in the area

Health issues due to polluted water

Maintenance of Treatment Plant

Participants

Small Tannery Association

Councillors of Kanpur Nagar Nigam

Various NGO

and Urban/Rural Represenatives

Total 90 Participants were present

AWP- Conference

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Change can be done only by Constructive Participation and

Equitable Sharing of Responsibility


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Change is Difficult !

But Also, Necessary !

Change is Pain !

But Also, Cure !

Change is Tiring !

But,

Change is Also The Life !

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