elements of a sentence in spanish. nouns, articles and adjectives the gender of nouns and the...
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Elements of a SentenceElements of a Sentence
in Spanishin Spanish
Nouns, Articles and Adjectives
Nouns, Articles and Adjectives
The Gender of Nouns and the Definite Article
What is a nouns?
The Gender of Nouns and the Definite Article
What is a nouns?
Noun = sustantivo Noun = sustantivo A noun is a person, animal, place thing
or idea A noun is a person, animal, place thing
or idea
In Spanish, all nouns are either masculine or feminine.
In Spanish, all nouns are either masculine or feminine.
In Spanish, the definite article (English the) agrees with the noun in gender (masculine or feminine) and in number (singular or plural).
In Spanish, the definite article (English the) agrees with the noun in gender (masculine or feminine) and in number (singular or plural).
La (the) Las (the)
El (the) Los (the)
Singular Plural
Femenino
Masculino
Singular NounsSingular NounsMasculineMost nouns that end in –o are
masculine.FeminineMost nouns that end up in –a are
feminine.
MasculineMost nouns that end in –o are
masculine.FeminineMost nouns that end up in –a are
feminine.
All together as a class
Pronounce the following words
All together as a class
Pronounce the following words
(the friend) el amigo(the friend) el amigo
(the bank) el banco(the bank) el banco
(the car) el carro(the car) el carro
(the cat) el gato(the cat) el gato
(the brother) el hermano(the brother) el hermano
(the book) el libro(the book) el libro
(the guy) el muchacho(the guy) el muchacho
(the boy) el niño(the boy) el niño
(the dog) el perro(the dog) el perro
(the phone) el télefono(the phone) el télefono
(the wine) el vino(the wine) el vino
Many masculine nouns do not end in –o; therefore, it is necessary to learn each noun with its article.
Many masculine nouns do not end in –o; therefore, it is necessary to learn each noun with its article.
Some masculine nouns end in –a or -maSome masculine nouns end in –a or -ma
FeminineThe feminine singular noun takes the defite article La. Most nouns end in –a are feminine.
FeminineThe feminine singular noun takes the defite article La. Most nouns end in –a are feminine.
La amiga La blusa La cama La casa La comida la hermana
La amiga La blusa La cama La casa La comida la hermana
Nouns that end in –ción, -sión, -dad, or -tud
Nouns that end in –ción, -sión, -dad, or -tud
La canción La conversación La ciudad La verdad La amistad La actitud
La canción La conversación La ciudad La verdad La amistad La actitud
A few nouns that end in -o are feminine.A few nouns that end in -o are feminine. La foto La mano La radio
La foto La mano La radio
Many feminine nouns do not follow these patterns; therefore, it is important to learn each noun with the article.
Many feminine nouns do not follow these patterns; therefore, it is important to learn each noun with the article. La clase La flor La luz La mujer La piel La suerte
La clase La flor La luz La mujer La piel La suerte
A noun ending in –ista can be masculine or feminine, depending on whether it refers to a male or female. The article indicates the gender of the noun.
A noun ending in –ista can be masculine or feminine, depending on whether it refers to a male or female. The article indicates the gender of the noun. El artista the (male) artist La artista the (female) artist
El dentista the (male) dentist La dentista the (female) dentist
El pianista La pianista
El taxista La taxista
El artista the (male) artist La artista the (female) artist
El dentista the (male) dentist La dentista the (female) dentist
El pianista La pianista
El taxista La taxista
A noun ending in –nte can be masculine or feminine, depending on whether it refers to a male or female. The article indicates the gender of the noun.
A noun ending in –nte can be masculine or feminine, depending on whether it refers to a male or female. The article indicates the gender of the noun.
El cantante the (male) singer La cantante the (female) singer
El estudiante the (male) student La estudiante the (female) student
El presidente La presidente
El cantante the (male) singer La cantante the (female) singer
El estudiante the (male) student La estudiante the (female) student
El presidente La presidente
Plural Nouns: MasculineA masculine noun that end in a vowel adds –s to form the plural, it takes the definite article los.
Plural Nouns: MasculineA masculine noun that end in a vowel adds –s to form the plural, it takes the definite article los.
El día los días El hermano los hermanos El libro los libros
El día los días El hermano los hermanos El libro los libros
If the noun ends in a consonant, el changes to los and the noun adds –es.If the noun ends in a consonant, el changes to los and the noun adds –es.
El animal los animales El doctor los doctores El tren los trenes
El animal los animales El doctor los doctores El tren los trenes
Plural Nouns: FeminineA feminine noun that end in a vowel adds –s to form the plural, it takes the definite article las.
Plural Nouns: FeminineA feminine noun that end in a vowel adds –s to form the plural, it takes the definite article las.
La bolsa las bolsas La persona las personas La tienda las tiendas
La bolsa las bolsas La persona las personas La tienda las tiendas
If the noun ends in a consonant, la changes to las and the noun adds –es.If the noun ends in a consonant, la changes to las and the noun adds –es.
La ciudad las ciudades La mujer las mujeres
La ciudad las ciudades La mujer las mujeres
The indefinite articleThe Spanish singular indefinite
article (English a, an) is un before a masculine noun and una before a feminine noun.
The indefinite articleThe Spanish singular indefinite
article (English a, an) is un before a masculine noun and una before a feminine noun.
Plural indefinite articlesPlural indefinite articles
The Spanishplural indefinite article (English some) is unos before a masculine plural noun and unas before a plural feminine noun.
The Spanishplural indefinite article (English some) is unos before a masculine plural noun and unas before a plural feminine noun.
una (a, an) unas (some)
un (a, an) unos (some)
Singular Plural
Femenino
Masculino
Una artista an artist
Unas artistas some (female) artist
Un gato a cat
Unos gatos some cats
Una artista an artist
Unas artistas some (female) artist
Un gato a cat
Unos gatos some cats
Adjectives = adjetivosAdjectives = adjetivos
An adjective is a word that describes a noun.
A Spanish adjective agrees in gender and in number with the noun it describes.
In Spanish, an adjective almost always follows the noun it describes.
An adjective is a word that describes a noun.
A Spanish adjective agrees in gender and in number with the noun it describes.
In Spanish, an adjective almost always follows the noun it describes.
Adjectives describe physical characteristics.
Adjectives describe emotions and personality traits.
Colors and the nationality of a person are both consider adjectives.
Adjectives describe physical characteristics.
Adjectives describe emotions and personality traits.
Colors and the nationality of a person are both consider adjectives.
Colors: amarillo, verde, azul, rojo, morado, and so on.
Nationalities: mexicano, guatemalteco, estadounidense, salvadoreño
Physical characteristic: alto, bonita, bajito, corto largo,suave, duro, frió, caliente.
Personality and emotions: buena, enojada, triste, feliz, alegre
Colors: amarillo, verde, azul, rojo, morado, and so on.
Nationalities: mexicano, guatemalteco, estadounidense, salvadoreño
Physical characteristic: alto, bonita, bajito, corto largo,suave, duro, frió, caliente.
Personality and emotions: buena, enojada, triste, feliz, alegre
Subject Pronouns, Estar, and Ser
Subject Pronouns, Estar, and Ser
suject pronouns = pronombres
suject pronouns = pronombres
Singular Yo (I) tú (you) informal él (he) ella (she) usted (you) formal
Singular Yo (I) tú (you) informal él (he) ella (she) usted (you) formal
plural nosotros (we) vosotros (you) use in Spain ellos (they) ellas (they) ustedes (you)
Note: There is no subject pronoun it in Spanish.
Él and ella refer to people and sometimes animals. but not to things.
plural nosotros (we) vosotros (you) use in Spain ellos (they) ellas (they) ustedes (you)
Note: There is no subject pronoun it in Spanish.
Él and ella refer to people and sometimes animals. but not to things.
Estar (to be)Estar (to be)
Spanish has two verbs that are equivalent to English to be. Begin with the conjugation of the verb estar.
Spanish has two verbs that are equivalent to English to be. Begin with the conjugation of the verb estar.
yo estoy I am tú estás you are él está he is ella está she is usted está you are
yo estoy I am tú estás you are él está he is ella está she is usted está you are
nosotros estamos we are
vosotros estamos you are
ellos están they are
ellas esta they are
ustedes están you are
nosotros estamos we are
vosotros estamos you are
ellos están they are
ellas esta they are
ustedes están you are
Estar
Estar is use to express four basic concepts: location health changing mood or condition and personal opinion of taste or
appearence
Estar is use to express four basic concepts: location health changing mood or condition and personal opinion of taste or
appearence
LocationEstar is to describe where something or someone is physically located.
LocationEstar is to describe where something or someone is physically located. Yo estoy en la clase. Nosotros estamos
en el carro. El restaurante está
en la ciudad. ellas están en el
baño. ¿Estás tú en el
hospital?
Yo estoy en la clase. Nosotros estamos
en el carro. El restaurante está
en la ciudad. ellas están en el
baño. ¿Estás tú en el
hospital?
I am in class. We are i the car. The restaurant is
in the city. They ae in the
bathrom. Are you in th
hospital?
I am in class. We are i the car. The restaurant is
in the city. They ae in the
bathrom. Are you in th
hospital?
HealthHealth Yo estoy bien,
gracias. Ella está enferma. Los doctores
están enfermos. ¿Cómo están
ustedes? Estamos bien.
Yo estoy bien, gracias.
Ella está enferma. Los doctores
están enfermos. ¿Cómo están
ustedes? Estamos bien.
I am fine, thanks. She is sick. The doctors are
sick. How are you? We are well.
I am fine, thanks. She is sick. The doctors are
sick. How are you? We are well.
Changing Mood or ConditionChanging Mood or Condition
La muchacha está contenta.
Estoy feliz. Los hombres
están cansados. Estamos alegres. ¿Estás enojado?
La muchacha está contenta.
Estoy feliz. Los hombres
están cansados. Estamos alegres. ¿Estás enojado?
The girl is happy.
I am happy. The men are
tired. We are happy. Are you angry?
The girl is happy.
I am happy. The men are
tired. We are happy. Are you angry?
Often the pronouns yo, tú, and nosotros are omitted. This is possible because estoy can only mean I am, estás means you are whether tú is includedor not, and estamos carries the meaning we are.
Often the pronouns yo, tú, and nosotros are omitted. This is possible because estoy can only mean I am, estás means you are whether tú is includedor not, and estamos carries the meaning we are.
Personal opinion in terms of taste or appearance
Personal opinion in terms of taste or appearance
La comida está buena.
El pescado está delicioso.
La sopa está sabrosa.
Ella está hermosa hoy.
Él está guapo.
La comida está buena.
El pescado está delicioso.
La sopa está sabrosa.
Ella está hermosa hoy.
Él está guapo.
The meal is (taste) good. The fish is (taste)
delicious. The soup is (taste)
delicious. She is (looks) pretty
today. He is (looks) handsome.
The meal is (taste) good. The fish is (taste)
delicious. The soup is (taste)
delicious. She is (looks) pretty
today. He is (looks) handsome.
A Word About Word OrderA Word About Word Order A you begin learning the basic
structures of the Spanish language, you will discover that the word order of English and Spanish is essentially the same for the material covered in the Part 1 of the notes, which includes the basic elements of a sentence.
A you begin learning the basic structures of the Spanish language, you will discover that the word order of English and Spanish is essentially the same for the material covered in the Part 1 of the notes, which includes the basic elements of a sentence.