ELEMENTS AND THEIR PROPERTIESTest on Friday March 15

METALS Gold was the first metal used (6000 years

ago) followed by copper and silver. Found on the periodic table to the left of the

stair step.

PROPERTIES OF METALS Good conductors of heat and electricity All but one (Mercury) is a solid at room

temperature Reflect light (luster) Can be hammered into sheets (malleable) Can be stretched into wires (ductile)

BONDING IN METALS The atoms of metals give up electrons to the

atoms of nonmetals in ionic bonding. Occurs when a metal bonds to a nonmetal.

Positively charged metallic ions are surrounded by a cloud of electrons in metallic bonding. The electrons in metallic bonding move freely

between the atoms. Occurs when a metal bonds to another metal.

ALKALI METALS Group 1 on Periodic Table Have one electron in their outer energy level Have properties of all metals Softer than other metals Most reactive

They are so reactive they don’t exist by themselves in nature, only bonded to something else.

Li is used to treat bipolar disorder Used in batteries

ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 on the Periodic Table Each AEM has two electrons in its outer

energy level. Very reactive Mg is used in fireworks Ca is a vitamin needed to stay healthy and

develop strong bones Ra is radioactive and used to treat cancers

TRANSITION ELEMENTS Groups 3 – 12 on the periodic table Most familiar Not very reactive Can be found in nature Iron, Cobalt, Nickel used to make steel and

other alloys (mixture of metals) Gold, silver and copper are known as the

coinage metals because they are used to make coins.

INNER TRANSITION METALS The bottom two rows on the periodic table Lanthanides

Elements 58 – 71 Combine to produce the colors on tv screens

Actinides Elements 90 – 103 Radioactive and Unstable Used in photography, nuclear reactors, and

weapons

METALS IN THE CRUST Metals are found in the earth’s crust and

must be mined and processed. They are originally ores (combined with other

elements) They are refined to separate the metal from

the rock This normally involves heating until the metal

melts. This process can be very expensive

METALS QUIZ What does it mean to be malleable? What does it mean to be ductile? What is luster? Where are the metals located on the periodic

table? What happens to the reactions of metals with

water as you move down the periodic table?

NONMETALS Usually gases or brittle solids at room

temperature Not malleable or ductile Do not conduct electricity or heat Not shiny Located on the right hand side of the stair

step (except for Hydrogen)

NONMETAL BONDING Nonmetals bonding can be ionic

One atom loses its outer electrons so another atom can take them

Or covalent Atoms share the outer electrons

HYDROGEN 90% of atoms in the universe are Hydrogen Most of the hydrogen on earth is found in

water Hydrogen is a diatomic molecule

Two identical atoms bond together You will never find H in nature, only H2

Very reactive because it only has one electron

Normally that electron is lost to form H+

HALOGENS Group 17 Very reactive Have 7 electrons in the outer energy level Forms a salt when it reacts with a nonmetal Used in pools, bleaches, toothpaste, and

cosmetics Iodine undergoes sublimation (changes from

a solid to a gas without turning into a liquid)

NOBLE GASES Group 18 They have a full outer energy level They are stable and no natural compounds

exist naturally Used in balloons and neon lights

NONMETALS QUIZ What does it mean to be a diatomic

molecule? How is H different from H+? How are solid nonmetals different from solid

metals? What happens to the electrons in an ionic

bond? What happens to the electrons in a covalent

bond?

METALLOIDS Can form ionic and covalent bonds with

metals and nonmetals Have metallic and nonmetallic properties Some can conduct electricity, but not very

well Sometimes called semiconductors Located on the stair step on the periodic

table (Al is on the stair step, but is NOT a

metalloid, Al is a metal)

BORON GROUP Consists of Boron

Used in laundry soap and antiseptic And Aluminum

Most abundant metal in the earth’s crust Strong and light weight Used in construction of buildings, cars and

airplanes

CARBON GROUP Consists of Carbon

Nonmetal Silicon

Used as a semiconductor (element that conducts electricity only under certain conditions) for electronics

Most silicon is found in sand, rocks, and dirt And Germanium

Used as a semiconductors

ALLOTROPES Allotropes are different forms of the same

element. Carbon has 8 allotropes