electronic components and principles

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.1© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.2© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Chapter 1

Overview of Electrical/Electronic Systems


Objectives

Give examples of electrical and electronic devices.Summarize why electric and electronic devices have replaced many mechanical devices in the automobile.Explain how modern automotive systems interact.Recall the basic components of a computer network and their function.


Objectives

Identify the major parts of electrical/electronic systems.Explain the basic operation of major electrical/electronic systems of an automobile.Recall the typical locations of electric/electronic components.


Electric vs. Electronic

Electric deviceUses electricity to do work


Electric vs. Electronic (Cont.)

Electronic deviceMade of semiconductor materialAlters flow of electricity


Advantages of Electrical/Electronic Devices

Better efficiencyFasterMore accurateHigher fuel economy and performanceFewer toxic emissions


System Interaction

All major systems work togetherFaults may be difficult to traceTraining is absolutely necessary


Review

What are electronic components composed of?

Answer: semiconductor material


Review

Which of the following is an advantage of electronic components vs. mechanical components?A. They have more moving parts.B. They are more accurate.C. They require no electricity.D. They need no maintenance.

Answer: B. They are more accurate.


Computer Systems

SensorsComputerActuatorsWiring harness


Computer Systems (Cont.)



Sensors detectMovementTemperature changesPressure varianceChemical contentPart locationRotation speedSoundsOther conditions

(Napa Auto Parts)



ComputerComplex set of electronic circuitsUses sensor inputsProduces programmed outputs

(Napa Auto Parts)



ActuatorsReceive signals from computerProduce movement to alter system operation

(Napa Auto Parts)



On-board diagnosticsAnalyze circuit operationDisplay warning or malfunction indicatorStore trouble codesScan tool retrieves codes


Review

The components of an automotive computer system include the _____, computer, actuators, and wiring harness.

Answer: sensors


Review

What is the function of the main computer in an automotive computer system?

Answer: It analyzes inputs from the sensors and sends instructions to the actuators.


Starting System

ComponentsIgnition switchStarter solenoidStarting motor


Starting System (Cont.)


Charging System

ComponentsAlternator (generator)Voltage regulator


Charging System (Cont.)


Ignition System

PurposeIgnites air-fuel mixtureMonitors engine speed and other variables

ComponentsIgnition switchIgnition coilSpark plugs


Ignition System (Cont.)


Fuel System

Electronic fuel injectionUsed in all late-model vehiclesInjector pulse width controls fuel to engineAlmost instantaneous response to sensor input


Fuel System (Cont.)

Electronic Fuel Injection


Lighting System

Provides illumination for night drivingIncludes switches to control bulb operationFuture systems

Fiber opticsMultiplexing


Lighting System (Cont.)


Instrumentation Systems

Navigation systemDisplays road mapProvides vehicle location and direction

Driver information systemInforms driver of vehicle conditionsSome use alphanumeric code

Climate control system


Wiper/Washer System

Primarily electricalSmall DC motor operates wipersElectric pump in washer fluid reservoir


Horn System

Switch on steering wheelRelay sends current to horn


Horn System (Cont.)


Seat, Window, Lock, and Sound Systems

Power seat systemPower window systemPower lock systemSound system


Seat, Window, Lock, and Sound Systems (Cont.)

Power Lock System


Seat, Window, Lock, and Sound Systems (Cont.)

Sound System


Restraint System

Protects occupants during collisionDeploys when system detects rapid vehicle deceleration


Restraint System (Cont.)


Suspension System

Stability control system controls shock absorber stiffnessActive suspension system makes wheels follow road surface


Suspension System (Cont.)

Computer-Controlled Suspension System(Toyota)


Brake System

Anti-lock brake system maintainsDirectional stabilitySteerability


Brake System (Cont.)

Anti-Lock Brake System(Mercedes Benz)


Traction Control System

Prevents slippage on slick pavementApplies brake to wheels individually


Review

Which automotive system produces the high voltage that operates a vehicle’s spark plugs?

Answer: ignition system


Review

What is the purpose of a stability control system?

Answer: It controls shock absorber stiffness.


Review

What are the principal components in an anti-lock brake system?

Answer: wheel speed sensors, computer, hydraulic actuator

electronic components and principles

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