electric vehicles co2 emissions in italy - · pdf file«emissions during car...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Jérôme MASSIANI Marco Byloos
Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy
![Page 2: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Summary
EV emission claims Current methods unsatisfactory The marginal calculation Results Conclusions
![Page 3: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
EV claims
«EV are Zero Emissions on the road … … but emit in the plant» «Emissions can be estimated on energy mix» «Emissions during car manufacturing are not so fundamental» «EV can be used to even the energy requirement peak… … through intelligent charging schemes… … or Vehicle to grid « «EV can become beneficial to society if fed by renewable»
![Page 4: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Summary
EV emission claims Current methods unsatisfactory The marginal calculation Results Conclusions
![Page 5: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
EV emissions: results and methods
Source Method (key-data source)
Emissions CO2e/km
anno
Menga e Ceraolo (2008)
Energetic mix 375 g/kWh (ENEL)
55 (2010)
Perujo e Ciuffo (2009)
Energetic mix 194 g/kWh (elab. from EEA data)
40 (2009)
M. Benini et al. (2010)
Micro simulation (MATISSE and MTSIM models)
68 (2030)
Wilson (2013) Energetic mix 389,9 g/kWh (source: IEA)
170 (2010)
Rusich e Danielis (2013)
Energetic mix 340 g/kWh (source: EPA)
64 (2013)
Marg. nature
Vehicle prod.
Recharge efficiency
Grid losses
Time pattern
No
No
No yes no
No
No yes yes no
yes No
No
No No
No 70 g /km No
yes No
No
No
No
No no
Capping on energy
production
Regulation 443
No No
No No
yes No
No No
No No
Technical Regolatory
![Page 6: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Summary
EV emission claims Current methods unsatisfactory The marginal calculation Results Conclusions
![Page 7: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
40,00
45,00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Mw
Elaborazione dati TERNA e GSE del mese di giugno 2014
Geotermico Solare ed eolico IdroelettricoImportazioni Carbone Altri combustibiliGas
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
40,00
45,00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Mw
Elaborazione dati TERNA e GSE del mese di giugno 2014
Geotermico Solare ed eolico IdroelettricoImportazioni Carbone Altri combustibiliGas
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
40,00
45,00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Mw
Elaborazione dati TERNA e GSE del mese di giugno 2014
Geotermico Solare ed eolico IdroelettricoImportazioni Carbone Altri combustibiliGas
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
40,00
45,00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Mw
Elaborazione dati TERNA e GSE del mese di giugno 2014
Geotermico Solare ed eolico IdroelettricoImportazioni Carbone Altri combustibiliGas
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
40,00
45,00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Mw
Elaborazione dati TERNA e GSE del mese di giugno 2014
Geotermico Solare ed eolico IdroelettricoImportazioni Carbone Altri combustibiliGas
Estimation method
![Page 8: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Fossil fuel technologies response to demand variation (9:00 PM) 48th week
Estimation method 2
02000400060008000
100001200014000160001800020000
15000 20000 25000 30000
Gas
, coa
l, ot
hers
MW
h
Therm. total MWh
Coal h21 N.Gas h21 Other fuels h21
![Page 9: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Periodo caldo
24 ore
24 ore
24 ore
Agosto
24 ore
24 ore
24 ore
Periodo temperato
24 ore
24 ore
24 ore
Periodo freddo
24 ore
24 ore
24 ore
Estimation method 3
![Page 10: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Pasaoglu, G., et al. 2013, Projections for Electric Vehicle Load Profiles in Europe Based on Travel Survey Data.
Hourly profile of EV reload
EVs increase the peak
![Page 11: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Summary
EV emission claims Current methods unsatisfactory The marginal calculation Results Conclusions
![Page 12: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Summary
EV emission claims Current methods unsatisfactory The marginal calculation Results Average emissions Scheme The future
Conclusions
![Page 13: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
g CO2e/km Sett. 24 Sett. 31 Sett. 37 Sett. 48
Feriali 96,2 98 93,2 94,4
Sabato 96,8 98 92,7 94,3
Domenica 96,7 98,3 92,6 94,6
94 g/km
Emissioni
![Page 14: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Summary
EV emission claims Current methods unsatisfactory The marginal calculation Results Average emissions Reloading schemes A look at the future
Conclusions
![Page 15: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Valley-filling
Smooth
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324
Thermoelectric load +10GWh +30GWh+50GWh +75GWh +100GWh
GW
Minimo notturno
Picco serale
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324Thermoelectric load +10GWh +30GWh+50GWh +75GWh +100GWh
GW
Minimo notturno
Picco serale
Schemi di ricarica
V2G: 50 % di deperdizione
![Page 16: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
g CO2e/km
settimana 24 settimana 21 settimana 37 settimana 48
feriali Sabato Domenica feriali Sabato Domenica feriali Sabato Domenica feriali Sabato Domenica
Non regolato 96,2 96,8 96,7 98 98 98,3 93,2 92,7 92,6 94,4 94,3 94,6
Valley-filling 100,1 98,5 97,6 99,8 100,2 99,6 101,4 95,6 94 106 103,1 100,8
Smooth 99,5 98,7 98,1 100,2 100,3 99,9 98,7 96,3 95,6 105,9 100,9 99,8
Schemi aumentano le emissioni
Schemi aumentano costi sociali costi privati
Uncoordinated: 94 gco2e/km Valley filling: 102.3 gco2e/km Smooth: 101,7 gco2e/km
![Page 17: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Summary
EV emission claims Current methods unsatisfactory The marginal calculation Results Average emissions Reloading schemes A look at the future
Conclusions
![Page 18: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Summary
EV emission claims Current methods unsatisfactory The marginal calculation Results Average emissions Reloading schemes A look at the future
Conclusions
![Page 19: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
0
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
250.000
300.000
350.00019
63
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
GW
h
Geotermico Eolico Solare Idroeletrico Nucleare
Importazioni Carbone Altri combustibili Gas naturale
Prospettive
Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi tassi di utilizzo Moderati costi di attivazione / disattivazione
Rinnovabili (40% di energia elettrica prodotta) Non rispondono a variazione della domanda
![Page 20: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Summary
EV emission claims Current methods unsatisfactory The marginal calculation Results Conclusions
![Page 21: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
g CO2e/km Conventional
view Model results Real world ICE
Tailpipe
emissions 0 nd 123 ** 123
Energy
generation 55-65* 94,51 0 25-30
Vehicle manufacturing Negl. nd 45-95 28-31
Total 40-100 nd 175-225 176-185
EV emissions
[*] most significant results [**] due to the Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 and the European Energy Trade System
![Page 22: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Frequent claims
«EV are Zero Emissions on the road … … but emit in the plant» «Emissions can be estimated on energy mix» «Emissions during car manufacturing are not so fundamental» «EV can be used to even the energy requirement peak… … through intelligent charging schemes… … or Vehicle to grid « «EV can become beneficial to society if fed by renewable»
![Page 23: Electric Vehicles CO2 emissions in Italy - · PDF file«Emissions during car manufacturing are not so ... Nucleare. Importazioni. ... Prospettive Gas Forte capacità istallata Bassi](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051721/5a79fbbe7f8b9ab80d8c3571/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)