electric buses in public transport in oslo and akershus...readiness of bus models is important # it...

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Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus Pernille Aga Project Manager Ruter

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Page 1: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus

Pernille Aga

Project Manager Ruter

Page 2: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

The growth in regional personal traffic is to be met by public transport, combined with cycling and walking 1

Page 3: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

All public transport is to run on only renewable energy in 2020 2

Page 4: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

4 av side 114

Buses and ferries run on fossil fuel

Renewable energy

Fossil energy

Share of travels, 2012

Energy consumption 2012, millions of kWh

Page 5: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

Fuels – as share of bus fleet in 2015

Diesel&77%&

Biodiesel&6%&

Bioethanol&1%& Biogas&

14%&

Hybrids&(Diesel)&2%&

Hydrogen&0,5&%&

1100 buses in total

Page 6: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

5 Fuel Cell Buses (Van Hool)

•  35 kg H2 per bus ~ 300 km

•  Fuel cell + battery

•  Zero emissions

H2 station (Air Liquide) •  Electrolyses + green electricity •  Production: 250 kg H2/day

•  Refuels a bus in 10 min

Oslo

Clean Hydrogen in European Cities (CHIC)

Page 7: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

Fossil Free 2020

Renewable energy: ! Electricity with renewable energy

certificates

! Biofuels that comply with the sustainability criteria of the Renewable Energy Directive: 50-60% CO2-e reduction

Internal combustion engine with biofuels

•  Biodiesel •  Biogas •  Bioethanol

Hybrid bus – combination of electric and combustion

•  Biofuels + electric •  Rechargeable electric

+ biofuel (= plug-in)

Electric •  Battery – recharge overnight

•  Battery - opportunity recharging

•  Fuel cell with hydrogen

Technology alternatives:

Page 8: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

Fossil Free 2020 strategy developement Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Scenario 3

Mapping of relevant solutions Market dialogue, market survey, desktop research, interviews pilot projects

Which solutions are suitable?

Compared to operational set-up, line and route structure

What is preferred? Level of ambition, risk, cost

Page 9: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

85%1) of buses have contracts which can be terminated before 2021, 60% if full prolongation

250

45 3935

52

334

6047

54

2022 2021 2020 2019

82

2018

86

153

20 16 5

2017

273 12 11

2016 2023

Diesel

Biodiesel Hydrogen

Biogas

Diesel Hybrid

Bioethanol

Ca 85% Ca 15%

1) No. of buses exclude special transport and spare buses

No. of buses changed each year if minimum contract duration is used only

Page 10: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

Cost: Total cost of ownership per powertrain 2020

Fuel Cell

132-151

108-114

Bioethanol

103-108

Biodiesel

98-102

Battery Opportunity

110-122

Battery Overnight

108-121

Plug-In Hybrid

(Biogas)

Plug-In Hybrid

(Biodiesel)**

100-110

Plug-In Hybrid

(Biodiesel)*

114-127

Hybrid (Biogas)

Hybrid (Biodiesel)

98-104

Biogas

Bus maintenance Bus depreciation

Fuel costs Infrastructure costs Downtime costs

Labor costs

N/A N/A

TCO by powertrain (12 m bus), biodiesel Euro VI base case = Index 100

*Plug-in hybrid with opportunity charging ** Plug-in hybrid without opportunity charging

Page 11: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

Strategic target for bus fleet in 2025

"  High ambitions on behalf of the environment

"  1/3 of buses fully electric (battery and hydrogen)

"  Approx. 60% of buses in Oslo fully electric

"  Scale-up on locally produced biogas: 500 buses in 2025

Biodiesel&18%&

Biogas&44%&

Hybrids&(Biodiesel)&

3%&

Hybrids&(Biogas)&3%&

PlugBIn&Hybrids&

(Biodiesel)&4%&

BaDery&Overnight&

3%&

BaDery&Opportunity&

20%&

Fuel&Cell&5%&

Fleet%composi,on%in%2025%

Biodiesel&36%&

Biogass&47&%&

Hybrid&(Biodiesel)&3&%&

PlugBIn&Hybrid&(Biodiesel)&

4&%&BaDeri&&

(underveis)&9&%&

Hydrogen&1&%&

Fossil free fleet in 2020

Page 12: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

Results of 2025 bus fleet

Environment

Operations

5%&12%&

79%&

27%& 24%&

0%&

10%&

20%&

30%&

40%&

50%&

60%&

70%&

80%&

90%&

Reduced&technical&availability&

Reduced&passenger&capacity&

Reduced&range&(<500&

km)&

Refueling&Qme&>10&min&

Reduced&route&

flexibility&

B89%&

32%& 32%&

B100%&

B80%&

B60%&

B40%&

B20%&

0%&

20%&

40%&

Zero&emission&share&of&bus&

fleet&

Share&of&bus&fleet&with&low&noise&levels&

Yearly&reducQon&of&CO2&

Page 13: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

TCO bus fleet in 2025

+ 2-10%

Targeted bus fleet 2025

Today’s bus fleet

Downtime costs Infrastructure costs Labor costs Fuel costs Bus maintenance Bus depreciation

Page 14: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

Yearly cost differential for bus fleet in 2025

Fuel

Downtime cost Infrastructure, maintenance Labour

Bus depriciation Bus maintenance

Hig

her c

osts

than

to

day’

s fle

et

Low

er c

osts

than

to

day’

s fle

et

0 kr

Higher costs for bus, infrastructure and labour - lower for fuels

Page 15: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

Ruter’s targeted bus fleet development Bus&fleet&&

Future&

Electric&(baDery&and&hydrogen)&

Hybrids& Biogas& Bioethanol& Biodiesel& Diesel&

Page 16: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

Key learnings

Bus technology and operations

#  There are a number of bus options available that can meet the needs Ruter

#  Time of expected commercial readiness of bus models is important

#  It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids ) buses around 2020, primarily inner city

#  Electrification is part of the long-term solution, but not the only solution

#  Charging system and infrastructure more uncertain than the bus technology

Page 17: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

Key learnings

Recharging and infrastructure

#  Opportunity recharging seems most efficient solution today

#  Charging Solution: Tendency towards conductive with pantograph

#  Infrastructure recharging: Lacking standards and unknown life expectancy are main challenges

#  Business model for ownership and operations of charging infrastructure not mature

Implementation

#  Step-by-step roll-out

#  No need for bus technology test but for systems test

#  Need for Ruter to decide on technology solutions on a high level, until standards are in place or more mature solutions

Page 18: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

Next steps: Large scale testing

Page 19: Electric Buses in Public Transport in Oslo and Akershus...readiness of bus models is important # It is possible to have a considerable number of battery electric (including hybrids

Need for co-operation

"  To reduce risk and costs for public transport

"  Enhanced collaboration on testing and data sharing

"  Ruter’s report available at www.ruter.no