electoral technology - peter wolf
TRANSCRIPT
Electoral Processes
IDEA Electoral Processes
Electoral Technology
Peter WolfInternational IDEAAsia Election Technology Dialogues 2016
Electoral Processes
International IDEA
Intergovernmental Organization 29 member states 4 key areas:
Electoral processesConstitution buildingPolitical partiesDemocracy and development
Electoral Processes
Electoral processes @ IDEA Areas of expertise
Elections and technology Media and elections Electoral system design Electoral management design Direct democracy Voting from abroad Electoral justice Electoral legal frameworks Voter turnout Elections and conflict
Electoral Processes
Provide guidance and good practices for the introduction and maintenance of new technologies. Focus on:
TransparencyCredibilitySustainability
Elections Tech @ IDEA Focus
Electoral Processes
Development of comparative knowledge resources
Engaging in policy and reform discussions
Elections Tech @ IDEA How?
Electoral Processes
Elections Tech @ IDEATypes of resources
Publications: guides, handbooks policy papers
Global database on the use of ICTs in Elections
Training course
Online network
Electoral Processes
Publications on ICTs & Elections
Electoral Processes
Selected Issues: EMD
Electoral cycles and ICT innovation cycles
Electoral Processes
Selected Issues: E-voting
Electoral Processes
The Use of
Open Source Technology
in Elections
(2014)
Certification of ICTs in Elections(2015)
Electoral Processes
Key electoral tasks conducted electronically
Verify voter eligibility Interpretation of ballots Vote casting, counting Result tabulation and transmission
Electoral Processes
Many advantages:reduction of mistakes and fraudfaster resultsconvenience for voters
Key electoral tasks electronic
Electoral Processes
But: as one cannot “see, touch, or feel bits and bytes” and such tasks cannot be directly observed
Key electoral tasks electronic
Electoral Processes
Questions
• What can be done to ensure all stakeholdes that technology delivers the required functionalities?- is secure - is accurate - does not disenfranchise voters - protects the secrecy of the vote - protects data privacy - correctly implements legal requirements
• How can trust and transparency be established?
Electoral Processes
The Use of Open Source Technology in Elections
Source Code: instructions executed by an ICT system in a human readable format
Open Source Technology: based on source codes that can be freely viewed, used, shared, modified
Electoral Processes
Open Source and Elections
Many potential benefits Transparency, accountability Local ownership and capacity Maintainability and sustainability
Recurring demand, especially where need for transparency is high.But: few available systems and implementations
Electoral Processes
Global Survey of EMBs
Data from 106 countries
Electoral Processes
Reasons for limited use: Supply
fragmented market, no global election OST community
vendors prefer current, ”closed source” business models, have few incentives to change
worry about intellectual property
Electoral Processes
Reasons for limited use: Demand
more from civil society than from EMBs
limited awareness, common misconsceptions (’insecure’, ’immature’, unprofessional’)
lack of successful examples
OST considered a technical detail
Electoral Processes
Certification of ICTs in Elections
“a systematic process carried out by an accredited body to evaluate whether a given election technology satisfies previously established standards and/or legal requirements.”
Electoral Processes
Why Certification of ICTs?
Quality Assurance Establish trust through an external actor Enhance citizen confidence and election integrity Ensure technology delivers the required functionality Get confirmation of technology reliability and security Demonstrate compliance with ”best international
practice” Legal requirement
Electoral Processes
Elections as a Special Case
In other sectors certification is common and builds onWell-defined technical standardsEstablised standardization bodies to set those standardsCertification bodiesLong, flexible timeframes for standard setting and certification
Electoral Processes
Practice Varies Greatly between EMBs
What gets certified?
Electoral Processes
Practice Varies Greatly between EMBs
What gets certified? Who establishes the standards?
Electoral Processes
Practice Varies Greatly between EMBs
What gets certified? Who establishes the standards? How are standards and requirements derived?
Electoral Processes
Practice Varies Greatly between EMBs
What gets certified? Who establishes the standards? How are standards and requirements derived? Who certifies, who is an ’independet third party’?
Electoral Processes
Practice Varies Greatly between EMBs
What gets certified? Who establishes the standards? How are standards and requirements derived? Who certifies, who is an ’independet third party’? Different models: certification, review or expert opinions
Electoral Processes
Practice Varies Greatly between EMBs
What gets certified? Who establishes the standards? How are standards and requirements derived? Who certifies, who is an ’independet third party’? Different models: certification, review or expert opinions Transparency of the certification process
Electoral Processes
Biometrics (forthcoming)
Global trend towards biometrics in electionsVoter registration and verification in polling stationsNeeds and expectationsShortcomings and limitationsSustainability and synergies
Electoral Processes
ICT Database
Related to publicationsGlobal comparative dataContinuously updated5 topics 31 questions
Electoral Processes
Increasing use of election ICTs
60% of EMBs use tabulation technologies
Electoral Processes
Increasing use of election ICTs
60% of EMBs use tabulation technologies 55% of EMBs use voter registration technologies
Electoral Processes
Increasing use of election ICTs
60% of EMBs use tabulation technologies 55% of EMBs use voter registration technologies 35% of use biometrics for voter registeration
Electoral Processes
Increasing use of election ICTs
60% of EMBs use tabulation technologies 55% of EMBs use voter registration technologies 35% of use biometrics for voter registeration 25% of EMBs use biometrics for voter verification
Electoral Processes
Increasing use of election ICTs
60% of EMBs use tabulation technologies 55% of EMBs use voter registration technologies 35% of use biometrics for voter registeration 25% of EMBs use biometrics for voter verification 20% of EMBs use electronic voting systems
Electoral Processes
Training: MEPA – Tech Modulehttp://www.mepa.dirpolis.sssup.it
Electoral Processes
ACE: Online Community, Q&Ahttp://aceproject.org
