eidlin railvolution 20140921
TRANSCRIPT
BEYOND THE PARK-AND-RIDE LOT
Lessons for California on High Speed Rail
from France and Germany
Eric Eidlin, AICP | Federal Transit Administration
2013 – 2014 German Marshall Fund Urban and Regional Policy Fellow
Rail~volution 2014 | Minneapolis, MN | September 23, 2014
Overview
• Project objectives
• Cities visited and rationale
• Rationale for California High Speed
Rail (HSR)
• HSR in France and Germany
• Main themes raised in interviews
• Lessons for California
Project Objectives
Learn about:
• Different approaches to station siting
• Best practices in promoting non-auto
access to HSR stations
• Station design and the multiple roles of
stations
• HSR-specific land uses
• Parking
Interviewees
Interviewed 60 individuals in Europe:
• National railways
• Government officials:
–Federal
–Local (transit agencies, city planning
offices)
• Researchers (think tanks, universities)
• Private consultants
• Lay people
FRANCE
Lyon (home base)
Berlin (home base)
GERMANY
Le Creusot
Paris
Strasbourg
Aix-en-Provence
Avignon
Marseille
Important
French
locations
not visited
Haute-Picardie
Lille
Münster
Kassel
Dresden
Hannover
Leipzig
Erfurt
Important
German
locations
not visited
Freiburg
Limburg
Cologne
Montabaur
PARIS – MARSEILLE HSR CORRIDOR
31 million riders/year (2008)
(PO
PU
LA
TIO
N IN
MIL
LIO
NS
)
74 million riders/year, all lines (2009)
BERLIN – STUTTGART HSR CORRIDOR
Stuttgart, 1.5
Mannheim, 0.6
Frankfurt, 2.3
Berlin, 3.4 million
39 million riders/year (2030)
PROPOSED CALIFORNIA HSR
0 100 200 300 400 500 600MILES
Paris Region12.0 million
CAHSR Station Area Planning
• Six cities to receive funds for
land use planning in station
areas
• Cities: Fresno, San Jose,
Merced, San Jose, Gilroy,
Bakersfield, Palmdale
• Plans range from $800k to
$1.4 million, 50% federal
(FRA stimulus funds)
FRANCE66 million inhab.
260,558 sq. mi.
302 people/ sq. mi.
GERMANY82 million inhab.
137,846 sq. mi.
608 people / sq. mi.
CALIFORNIA38 million inhab.
163,696 sq mi.
232 people / sq. mi.
Network:
1265 mi.
114m
riders/yr
Initiation:
1981
Paris Gar de Lyon
• Country highly centralized politically and economically
• Paris by far largest urban area (12m); Lyon next (2m)
• Primary goal of HSR is to speed travel between Paris and second tier cities
• Mostly dedicated HSR track
FRANCE
• Network: 1265 mi.
• 114m riders/yr
• Initiation: 1981
Paris
Transit
and HSR
• HSR quicker and more popular than air between many cities
Paris Gare de Lyon
Marseille St. Charles
Paris-Lyon:
virtually no
more air
travel
Network: 798mi.
235 under
construction
75 million HSR
riders/yr
Initiation: 1991
GERMANY
Source: Koeln.de
• Federal country with more even distribution of population
• Berlin largest urban area at 3.5m, next largest Hamburg at 1.7m
• Many cities with 400k-1m inhabitants, so trains stop frequently
• Mostly blended HSR system
Source: Koeln.de
Cologne Main Station
• HSR trains serve historic
city center stations
• Little HSR-specific land
use planning
GERMANY
Source: Koeln.de
• HSR not a fundamentally
new thing, but rather the
next evolution in an
existing technology
• First rate highway system
and well-developed
network of airports
compete with HSR
• Heavy focus on
intermodality
• DB operates own carshare
and bikeshare services
GERMANY
Speed Versus Connectivity
PARIS –
STRASBOURG
474 KM / 295 MI
2:20 / 0 STOPS
126 MPH AVG
OFFENBURG -
BERLIN
750 KM / 466 MI
5:55 / 13 STOPS
78 MPH AVG
SÜDKREUZ
STATION
HOME
SÜDKREUZ
STATION 30 minutes travel time savings in
southbound direction
Berlin
Transit
and HSR
Station Types
Central City - Erfurt
Central City - Erfurt
City population: 204,000
Station renovation completed 2006
34,000 passengers/day
10 tracks
390 parking spaces (underground garage)
Mid point along future Berlin – Munich HSR
Exurban - Le Creusot
“Gare Betterave”
Exurban - Aix-en-Provence TGV
Exurban - Aix-en-Provence TGV
Opened: 2001
10 miles from downtown Aix, pop. 143,000
7,000 passengers/day
2860 parking spaces
4 tracks (2 pass-through)
Peripheral -- Avignon TGV
Peripheral - Avignon TGV
Opened: 2001
2.5 miles from downtown
Avignon pop. 95,000
7,300 passengers/day
1,890 parking spaces
4 tracks (2 pass-through)
New rail transit link
Avignon “Virgule”
2.5
mile
s
New Center City – Lyon Part Dieu
New Center City - Lyon Part Dieu
Lyon Perrache
Lyon Part-Dieu
2 miles
• Opened for service in
1983
• Station built for
35,000 people/day
• Station now sees
120,000/day
• Busiest rail station in
France for connections
New Center City - Lyon Part Dieu
New Center City - Lyon Part Dieu
Walk35%
Bike3%
Transit40%
Taxi5%
Car17%
How intercity rail travelers
get to Lyon Part-Dieu
Opened: 1983
Lyon pop. 2 million (in region)
Center of new downtown district
Central node in local transit and national rail networks
120,000 people/day
2,060 parking spaces
11 tracks
20,000 people
use station as
pedestrian
tunnel daily
New Center City - Lyon Part Dieu
KEY NUMBERS
- Second office
district in France
- 6.5 million sf new
office space
- 1.6 million sf new
residential space
- 2.2 million sf
retail, event, and
hotel space
KEY CONCEPTS
“Gare ouverte”
“Gare connectrice”
“Socles actifs”
“Sol difficile” and
“sol facile”
La Defense, Paris
Lyon Part Dieu
Station Design and
Land Use
Downtown Station / Mall - Leipzig
Downtown Station / Mall - Hannover
Hannover Main Station
Station / Mall – Paris St. Lazare
Convention Center Station – Cologne Deutz
Source: Thomas Wolf
HSR Station vs. Airport
11,000 sf office
5,500 jobs
245 hotel rooms
11 million sf office
45,000 jobs
2,000 hotel rooms
10,000 parking spaces5,000 parking spaces
26 million passengers (2011) 8 million passengers in 2011
Lyon St. Exupéry AirportLyon Part-Dieu HSR
Permeable Station – Berlin Stadtbahn
Intermodal Connections and
Payment Systems
Blended Stations
Blended Stations
½-m
ile
SAN JOSE DIRIDON
150 HSTs/day +
400 other trains
LYON PART-DIEU LA UNION
64 HSTs/day (2029)
#? other trains
Integrated Fares and Ticketing
VBB = “Transportation alliance”
for Berlin / Brandenburg
Mobility Services
Integrated Fares and Ticketing
Mobility Services
Includes:
• Annual public transit pass
• Carshare membership
• Car rental discounts
• 20 % discount on taxis, cashless payment
• German Rail discount card
• Integrated mobility bill for all basic costs, carshare and taxi trips
Integrated Navigation and Ticketing
Ticketless Travel
The Bicycle:
A Space-Efficient Access Mode
National Cycling Plan - Germany
“The promotion of cycling benefits everyone, including pedestrians and motorists. Cycling is an environmentally friendly means of transport that does not produce noise or harmful emissions.
It requires little space.
In combination with local public transport and walking, it makes it possible to reduce [vehicle] traffic, especially in city centres, thereby tackling congestion and lowering pollutant and noise emissions.”
Münster
Münster Bike Station
• 3,300 bike parking spaces (largest garage in Germany)
• Importance of intermodalism
Münster
Münster
Lessons Learned
Lessons Learned
HSR has distinct advantages over other
modes of travel. We must be clear about
these advantages and design to take full
advantage of them.
Stations should be sited in dense urban
districts that are preeminent destinations
and central nodes of urban transit
networks.
Extensive planning work may make other
locations feasible, but existing
infrastructure and/or development are
usually preconditions for success.
Lessons Learned
There are tradeoffs between
maximizing travel speeds and
connections.
Secondary stations in large cities can
bring HSR closer to many without
significantly slowing service.
Lessons Learned
Station buildings need to be well-
designed and large enough to serve
multiple public purposes. Financing
such structures is challenging.
It is essential to articulate vision for
project first and figure out how to
realize vision within constraints.
Lessons Learned
Innovations in payment systems can blur the divide between public transit and the private car and enhance the competitiveness of non-auto modes.
Fragmented governance in transit leads not simply to poorly coordinated schedules among providers, but also to intermodal facilities that are inefficient and difficult to navigate.
Bicycles can be a cost-effective and space-efficient access mode to HSR, but supportive policies and infrastructure must be provided.
Lessons Learned
HSR can be transformational in terms
of development.
Most of California’s planned HSR
stations are in places that are centrally
located, have significant development
potential, and are anticipating rapid
population growth.
California’s HSR system will not
mature for many decades. We must
be careful not to make decisions that
we will regret in 50 years.
urbancurrent.org/author/ericeidlin
BEYOND THE PARK-AND-RIDE LOTLessons for California on High Speed Rail from France and Germany
Eric Eidlin, AICP | Federal Transit Administration
2013 – 2014 German Marshall Fund Urban and Regional Policy Fellow
Rail~volution 2014 | Minneapolis, MN | September 23, 2014