efficient, economic, environmental (3e) energy systems for ......efficient, economic, environmental...

Efficient, Economic, Environmental (3E) Energy Systems for Sustainable Development

A Viable Global Energy Strategy

2 May 2017

Environment degradation direct and immediate harmful health effects

Global energy system runs on exhaustible fossil fuels – fossilized sunshineClimate change – Greenhouse gas Long-term adverse planet-scale effects

2

1720 1870 2020 2500

CoalWood

Oil

Renewables

150+ more years100+ more years

World Pop. 0.6 B 1.3 B 7.6 B

Fossil fuels and the existential threats:

??

“Fossilized Sunshine”

2050

>9 B

“Inexhaustible Sunshine”

Energy is Humankind’s Biggest Challenge!Three Existential Threats

123

Common man solution is needed now!Proposition: Affordable, scalable energy systems that are ready to go and can build pathways to harnessing Earth’s inexhaustible energy resource – SUNSHINE

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Sunshine -- ultimate inexhaustible power source for human civilization Sunshine -- ultimate inexhaustible clean energy resource for humankind All the energy stored in Earth's reserves of coal, oil, and natural gas is equal to the energy from only 20 days of sunshine. Every hour the Sun beams onto Earth more than enough energy to satisfy global energy needs for an entire year! reliable distributed energy system that is ultimately carbon-neutral The body, like the global industrial complex, exhausts CO2 from all its energy production activities. For carbon neutrality, green plants are necessary to convert the CO2 back into a useful molecule, glucose, which can power the body further. The analogous condition would be if we were to build our own “plants” that capture CO2 and turn it back into methane, in order to power those microturbines even further. Electrified copper has long been shown to act as a catalyst that reduces CO2 to methane or methanol, and recently (April 11, 2012) MIT researchers have developed copper-gold nanoparticles with enhanced stability.

A Viable Long-Term SolutionHarnessing, Storing & Distributing Sunshine

3

How could renewable energy, particularly solar and wind, be stored and shipped across

oceans and continents?

Sunshine is humankind’s vast inexhaustible clean energy resource 1 hour of Sunshine > 1 year of global energy needs

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Sunshine -- ultimate inexhaustible power source for human civilization Sunshine – ultimate inexhaustible clean energy resource for humankind All the energy stored in Earth's reserves of coal, oil, and natural gas is equal to the energy from only 20 days of sunshine. Every hour the Sun beams onto Earth more than enough energy to satisfy global energy needs for an entire year!

4

Liquid Sunshine Concept

Sunshine

CO2 H2O

EthanolC2H5OH

MethanolCH3OH

Primary Alcohol Fuels

End Users

StoringSunshine and CO2

as alcohol fuels

CO2 from recycling and

air capture

1 hour of Sunshine

EXCEEDS1 year of

global energy needs

Harnessing and bringing together sunshine and CO2 to producerenewable storable alcohol fuels is the Liquid Sunshine concept.

Turning Sunshine into a commodity

C1

C2

C1 to C2Conversion

Synergy of Electricity and Liquids

Regenerate Electricity

5

Light / AC Appliances Mobile gadgets Transportation Materials

Surplus Power

Liquid storage

Machinery

instant multipurpose power & no emissions at point of use

versatile, easy to store & ship with global reach

Gasoline, Diesel, LNG, Alcohols, etc.

Grid storage

Electricity Liquids

Synergistic Dual

Energy System

6

Reality: Battery is CostlyBreakeven economics and end-of-life recycling costs

$64

$470

$350

$290

$250

$125

$115$55

Current cost of batteries

10-kWh Tesla Powerwall

Target cost of batteries 2020

Adapted from: Covert, Thomas, Michael Greenstone, and Christopher R. Knittel. “Will We Ever Stop Using Fossil Fuels?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 30, no. 1 (February 2016): 117–138. Recycling assumption: Net cost of battery recycling assumed to be $150/kWh in 10 years

plus recycling cost

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Estimate for net cost of battery recycling in 10 years Current battery cost is $250/kWh According to http://cleanleap.com/7-electricity-transport/71-battery-cell-and-pack-costs-and-characteristics, 50% of the cost of batteries are the cells According to http://www.cars21.com/news/view/5480, 50-80% of cells are raw materials According to http://www.recyclinginternational.com/recycling-news/8052/e-waste-and-batteries/united-states/uncovering-post-vehicle-value-lithium-ion-batteries, Cost of recycling will cost approximately 5 times the value of raw materials recovered. Therefore on the conservative end, we estimate that net costs of recycling is now $250/kWh, end-of-life We assume recycling cost would have improved in 10 years, and perhaps come down to $150/kWh This end-of-life cost is applied at year 10 of the discounted cash flow analysis to derive the blue curve

7

1G: Coal-based“High Carbon”

3G: Natural gas / Coal* + Renewable Power (ULE)

“Low Carbon”

4G: Natural gas / Coal +Biomass + Renewable Power

5G: CO2 + H2 from renewables“Carbon Neutral”

Technology Roadmap to Liquid SunshineFirst to Fifth Generation (G) Methanol Technology

2G: Natural gas-based

We are here TODAY!

*1G-Coal to methanol has higher CO2 emissions due to its higher carbon to hydrogen ratio. This can be mitigated by introducing a separate hydrogen-rich source into the process, thereby also improving the yield.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Per train carbon dioxide emissions per annum. Per train is 5000MTPD (Methanol) = 1.83 mil tons p.a. 1G (Coal-based): 6 mil tons p.a. CO2 2G (NG-based): 1 mil tons p.a. CO2 3G (ULE): 0.25 mil tons p.a. CO2

8

Liquid Sunshine Technology Roadmap

Almost carbon-neutral

ULEReady for

large-scale deployment

Ready for pilot

testing

Phase ICarbon-Intensive

Phase IICarbon-Light

Phase IIICarbon-Neutral

1G-Coal 2G-Gas 3G-Gas 3G-Coal 4G-Biomass 5G

Coal

Gas

Renewable

Nuclear

Biomass

CO2 Capture

NewTechnologies

Existing Technologies

Deployed in China

Deployed worldwide

9

Alcohol-Based FuelsFor Electricity, Heat and Mobility

Turbines Fuel cells Engines

Utility scale power generationOff-grid power generation

IndustrialTransportation

Residential applications – Dimethyl-ether (DME), derived from methanol, can be used as fuel for cooking, space heating, water heating

Burners

10

Tackling Today’s Challenges Today

Nuclear

Well GraveWheels

Fossil fuels

Lithium extractionFlammable

Hazardous Waste

RadioactiveNuclear Waste

Air/Water/Soil Pollution

Emissions of Pollutants

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Lithium ion batteries: High-tech's latest mountain of waste http://spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/fuel-cells/potential-hazards-at-both-ends-of-the-lithiumion-life-cycle

11

Treat the earth well – it is borrowed from our children and our children's children. collective wisdom from the early centuries to the present

efficient, economic, environmental (3e) energy systems for ......efficient, economic, environmental...

Documents