effects of yoga practices on selected physiological

EFFECTS OF YOGA PRACTICES ON SELECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL

PARAMETERS OF UNIVERSITY OF KERALA INTER-COLLEGIATE

MEN FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Dr. Aneesh Rajappan Assistant Professor,

Department of Physical Education,

TKMM College, Nangiarkulagara, Alapuzha, Kerala - 690 513

Dr. V. A. Manickam Assistant Professor,

Department of Physical Education and Health Sciences,

Alagappa University, Karaikudi - 630 004,

Tamilnadu, India.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of yoga practices on selected

physiological parameters of University of Kerala inter-collegiate men football players. The

study was conducted on thirty football players from various colleges affiliated to Kerala

University of Kerala, who have participated in University of Kerala inter-collegiate men

football tournaments. Subjects were randomly assigned equally into two groups, Group –I

underwent yogic practices group (n=15) and group II (n=15) acted as control group. Resting

pulse rate, Breath holding time and Cardio respiratory endurance were selected as creation

variables. The training programme was restricted to 12 weeks. Resting pulse rate was

assessed by Radial pulse method, Breath holding time was assessed by Manuel method and

Cardio Respiratory Endurance was assessed by Cooper’s 12 minutes run/walk test. The data

was collected from the experimental and Control Groups before and after the 8 weeks of

training programme were statically examined with Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Resting Pulse Rate, Breath Holding Time and Cardio Respiratory Endurance showed

significant difference between the groups.

Key words: Football, Physiological variable, Resting Pulse Rate, Breath Holding Time

and Cardio Respiratory Endurance

INTRODUCTION

Yoga is basically an otherworldly order dependent on a very unobtrusive science,

which centers on bringing agreement among psyche and body. It is a craftsmanship and

science of sound living. The word 'Yoga' is gotten from the Sanskrit root 'Yuj', signifying 'to

join' or 'to burden' or 'to join together'. According to Yogic sacred texts the act of Yoga

prompts the association of individual awareness with that of the Universal Consciousness,

demonstrating an ideal congruity between the psyche and body, Man and Nature. As indicated

by current researchers, everything known to mankind is only a sign of a similar quantum

atmosphere. One who encounters this unity of presence is supposed to be in yoga, and is

named as a yogi, having achieved a condition of opportunity alluded to as mukti, nirvana or

moksha. Subsequently the point of Yoga is Self-acknowledgment, to beat a wide range of

sufferings prompting 'the condition of freedom' (Moksha) or 'opportunity' (Kaivalya). Living

with opportunity in varying backgrounds, wellbeing and agreement will be the primary

destinations of Yoga practice."Yoga" likewise alludes to an internal science involving an

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assortment of techniques through which people can understand this association and

accomplish dominance over their destiny. Yoga, being broadly considered as an 'everlasting

social result' of Indus Saraswati Valley development – going back to 2700 B.C., has

substantiated itself taking into account both material and otherworldly upliftment of

humanity. Basic others conscious qualities are the very personality of Yoga Sadhana

(Iyengar, 1981).

For some, the act of yoga is confined to Hatha Yoga and Asanas (stances). In any case,

among the Yoga Sutras, only three sutrasare devoted to asanas. Generally, hatha yoga is a

preliminary cycle so the body can support more significant levels of energy. The cycle starts

with the body, at that point the breath, the psyche, and the internal identity.

Yoga is likewise usually perceived as a treatment or exercise framework for wellbeing

and wellness. While physical and emotional well-being is normal outcomes of yoga, the

objective of yoga is more sweeping. "Yoga is tied in with fitting oneself with the universe. It

is the innovation of adjusting singular calculation to the astronomical, to accomplish the most

significant level of discernment and agreement (Rejinadevi & Ramesh, 2017).

Yoga doesn't cling to a specific religion, conviction framework or network; it has

consistently been drawn nearer as an innovation for inward prosperity. Any individual who

rehearses yoga with inclusion can receive its rewards, independent of one's confidence,

nationality or culture. These various Philosophies, Traditions, ancestries and Guru-shishya

paramparas of Yoga lead to the development of differnt Traditional Schools of Yoga for

example Jnana-yoga, Bhakti-yoga, Karma-yoga, Dhyana-yoga, Patanjala-yoga, Kundalini-

yoga, Hatha-yoga, Mantra-yoga, Laya-yoga, Raja-yoga, Jain-yoga, Bouddha-yoga and so

forth Each school has its own standards and works on prompting ultimate point and goals of

Yoga (Dias et al., 2008).

Yogic Practices for Health and Wellness: The generally rehearsed Yoga Sadhanas

(Practices) are: Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana

(Meditation), Samadhi/Samyama, Bandhas and Mudras, Shat-karmas, Yukta-ahara, Yukta

karma, Mantra japa, etc.Yama's are restrictions and Niyama's are observances. These are

viewed as pre-requisits for the Yoga Sadhanas (Practices). Asanas, fit for achieving

dependability of body and brain ' kuryat-touch asanam-sthairyam...' , comprises in embracing

different body (psycho-physical) designs, offering capacity to keep a body position (a steady

attention to one's underlying presence) for an extensive length and timeframe also (Iyengar,

1981).

METHODOLOGY

The study was conducted on thirty men intercollegiate football players who were

participated in University of Kerala Intercollegiate men Football tournaments. Subjects were

randomly assigned equally into two groups, Group–I underwent Yogic Practice Group

(n = 15) and Group II (n=15) acted as control. The training period was limited to 12 weeks.

The duration of training sessions in all the days was between forty five minutes to one hour

approximately which included warming up and limbering down. Resting pulse rate, Breath

holding time and Cardio respiratory endurance were selected as creation variables. All the two

groups were tested on selected criterion variables prior to and immediately after the 12 weeks

of yogic training programme. Resting Pulse Rate was assessed by Radial pulse method,

Breath holding time was assessed by stop watch manual method, and Cardio respiratory

endurance was assessed by Cooper’s 12 Minutes Run/walk Test.

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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data collected from the Experimental group and Control group prior and after

experimentation on selected variables were statistically examined by analysis of covariance

(ANCOVA) was used to determine differences, if any among the adjusted post test means on

selected criterion variables separately. The level of significance was fixed at .05 level of

confidence to test the ‘f’ ratio obtained by analysis of covariance.

Table – 1

THE SUMMARY OF PRE AND POST TEST MEAN ON SELECTED

PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES OF YOGIC PRACTICE

AND CONTROL GROUPS

Criterion

variables Mean

Yogic Practice

Group

Control

Group

Resting Pulse

Rate Pre test mean 76.50 77.08 Post test mean 72.11 76.98

Breath Holding

Time Pre test mean 20.28 21.04 Post test mean 26.19 21.33

Cardio

Respiratory

Endurance

Pre test mean 1845.22 1817.33 Post test mean

2017.61 1802.79

Table – 1 show that pre and post test mean of Resting pulse rate, Breath holding time

and Cardio respiratory endurance between Yogic practices group and Control group. It was

concluded that Yogic practices group had significant improvement in the performance of

Resting pulse rate, Breath holding time and Cardio respiratory endurance. However control

group had no significant improvement in the performance of selected variables.

The analysis of covariance on of Resting pulse rate, Breath holding time and Cardio

respiratory endurance of Yogic practices group and Control group have been analyzed and

presented in Table – 2.

Table – 2

ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE ON CRITERION VARIABLES OF YOGIC

PRACTICES GROUP AND CONTROL GROUP

Criterion

Variable

Adjusted Post Test

Means Source

of

variance

Sum

of

Square

df Mean

Squares ‘f’ - ratio Yogic

Practices

Group

Control

Group

Resting

Pulse Rate 72.18 76.55

B 312.11 1 312.11 103.69*

W 81.27 27 3.01

Breath

Holding

Time

26.62 21.19

B

312.11 1 312.11

346.79*

W 24.39 27 0.90

Cardio

Respiratory

Endurance

2021.54 1824.22

B

5461124.57 1 5461124.57

628.36*

W 234657.19 27

8691.01

* Significant at .05 level of confident.

Table value required for significance at .05 level with df 1 and 27 is 4.21

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From table –2, the obtained value of ‘f’

time and Cardio respiratory endurance, for adjusted post test means were

627.36. These values are more than the table value of 4.21for df 1 and 27 re

significant at 0.05 level of confidence. The results of the study indicated that significant

differences exist among the adjusted post test means of experimental and control groups on

the development of Resting Pulse Rate,

Endurance.

The mean values of Yogic practices group and control group on

Breath holding time and Cardio respiratory rate

Figure-2 and Figure-3 respectively.

MEAN VALUES OF YOGIC PRACTICES GROUP AND CONTROL

GROUP ON RESTING PULSE RATE

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

Yogic Practices Group

72.18

2, the obtained value of ‘f’ - ratio for Resting pulse rate, Breath holding

time and Cardio respiratory endurance, for adjusted post test means were 103.69, 346.79 and

. These values are more than the table value of 4.21for df 1 and 27 re



Resting Pulse Rate, Breath Holding Time and Cardio Respiratory

The mean values of Yogic practices group and control group on Resting pulse rate,

Breath holding time and Cardio respiratory rate were graphically represented in the Figure 1,

3 respectively.

Figure-1


GROUP ON RESTING PULSE RATE

Yogic Practices Group Control Group

72.18

76.55

Units in Beats Per Minute

Breath holding

103.69, 346.79 and

. These values are more than the table value of 4.21for df 1 and 27 required for



d Cardio Respiratory

Resting pulse rate,

were graphically represented in the Figure 1,


Units in Beats Per Minute

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MEAN VALUES OF YOGIC PRACTICES GROUP AND

CONTROL GROUP ON BREATH HOLDING TIME


CONTROL GROUP ON CARDIO RESPIRATORY RATE

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


26.62

1700

1750

1800

1850

1900

1950

2000

2050


Figure-2


CONTROL GROUP ON BREATH HOLDING TIME

FIGURE-3


CONTROL GROUP ON CARDIO RESPIRATORY RATE


26.62

21.19

Units in Numbers


2021.54

1824.22

Units in Meters

Units in Numbers

Units in Meters

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DISCUSSION ON FINDINGS

It is inferred from the above literature and from the results of the present study that

systematically designed Yogic practices develops the performance standard.

CONCLUSIONS

From the analysis of the data, the following conclusions were drawn.

1. The results of the study showed there was a significant difference between Yogic

practices group and Control group on selected physiological variables among

University of Kerala men inter-collegiate Football participants.

2. The Yogic practices group was found to be better than the Control group in

developing physiological related variables such as Resting pulse rate, Breath

holding time and Cardio respiratory endurance.

REFERENCES

Dias Marcello Arias Danucalov, Roberto Serafim Simoes, Elisa Harumi Kozasa and Jose

Roberto Leite(2008), Cardio respiratory and metabolic changes during yoga

sessions: the effects of respiratory exercises and meditation practices, Applied

Psychophysiol Biofeedback, 33(2):77-81.

Iyengar B.K.S. (1981), "Light on Pranayama" Unwin Hyman Limited, London.

Rejinadevi K & Dr. C. Ramesh(2017), “Effect of Yogic Practices on Selected Physiological

Variables among Basketball Players”, International Journal of Computational

Research and Development, Volume 2, Issue 2, Page Number 107-110.

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effects of yoga practices on selected physiological

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