effect of resettlement scheme on indigenous inhabitants of garki village from federal capital city

8/12/2019 EFFECT OF RESETTLEMENT SCHEME ON INDIGENOUS INHABITANTS OF GARKI VILLAGE FROM FEDERAL CAPITAL CITY

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0.0 INTRODUCTION

One of the greatest problems facing Nigeria today is the issue of acquisition

of land for projects because of the complexities in the resettlement of the affectedcommunities that have to be displaced and the issue of compensation for the

landed properties.

Resettlement as the name connotes is the process whereby people displaced

from their indigenous area are located to resettle again in a new location with the

least inconvenience and minimal disruption of their way of life.

Basically, resettlement of people in most cases arises as a result of one or

combination of the following reasons

!" #overnment planned action for the social and economic development of the

country. $his is done in order to ma%e room for physical development.

&" 't could be as a result of natural disaster such as earthqua%e, fire disaster and

over(flooding.

)" $hrough deliberate action of the people themselves so as to move to a more

defensible environment in terms of war or to a favourable place in search of fertile

land, water for domestic consumption, pasture for animal gra*ing or avoid disease

infested *one.

+ith the occurrence of any of the foregoing, a large number of people are

often displaced from their natural place of abode and are therefore prevented from

practicing what has always been their established wor%s for the existence and

livelihood. 't is obvious that factors that are called for resettlement programme are

often of great importance when trying to define the extent and content of solution.

$his is because the process involved in resettlement exercise are many. 't is

therefore not merely the restoration for the capacity of the economic well being of

the displaced persons or the restoration of disrupted or destroyed materials and

services, but also other factors that will be needed to assure the people that they

have a future. +ith this, one can conclude that resettlement is not only the

!


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provision of sites and services but most importantly assuring the people being

displaced for the social economic well being. $he issue of compulsory acquisition

of land for project development has always resulted in explosive chaos in this

country where properties worth millions of Naira have been destroyed. $his is dueto the ha*ardous ways the issue have been handled. One of the major problems

identified in the buja resettlement scheme is inability of #overnment to release

funds for the resettlement exercise.

1.0.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

#ar%i is one of the districts in the -ederal apital $erritory. 't has the

largest number of settlements in the -ederal apital territory in buja and can be

marginally described as one of the largest district among all the districts in the

-$. 't shares boundary with so%oro, entral Business /istrict 0B/". 't is

located at the 1outh +est corner of the city having the central district to the North

and so%oro /istrict to the 2ast. $he district is sub(divided into units called

3reas4. #ar%i uses distinctive naming convension of 3rea4 to refer to parts of

#ar%i. $hese are designated as area ! (!!. #ar%i '' is used to differentiate the area

from #ar%i !!. #ar%i is presently the principal business district of buja.

Buildings of interest are in this area, some of them includes the entral 5ost

Office, buja 'nternational onference entre along the busy 6erbert 7acaulay

+ay Nicon 8uxury 6otel 0formally %nown as buja 1ofitel 6otel and 8e

7eritian", gura 6otel and Old -ederal 1ecretariat omplex buildings, and

0-/", which overseas and runs the administrations of the -ederal apital

$erritory has it offices in #ar%i.

1.0.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

$here is the generation notion that the settlement of the displaced

communities of #ar%i village of buja which could be traced to the conception of

the sitting of the -ederal apital $erritory should have been completed for quite a

long time now. 6owever, what is practically on the ground today in terms of

achieving the set objectives call for doubts and misgiving among the affected

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communities. $here have been some problems militating against the scheme. $he

statement of research problem have been identified thus

( +hat is the nature of problems militating against the smooth resettlement

exercise9( 's the affected communities involved in the planning and implementation of

the scheme9

( 6as government demonstrated enough seriousness on the resettlement

scheme of the buja communities.

1.0.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

$he aim of this study is to examine the effect of resettlement scheme on

indigenous inhabitants in #ar%i village, buja.

$he objectives of this research study include the followings

( $he need for resettlement scheme

( $o examine past and present resettlement scheme

( $o examine the procedure adopted in carrying out the resettlement

( $o determine the effects of the exercise on indigenes

( $o ma%e possible recommendations to improve resettlement schemes.

1.0.4 SCOPE OF STUDY

'n line with the aim of study, this study is limited to #ar%i village.

1.0.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

$he study of resettlement scheme of #ar%i village will help in identifying

problems and ways of solving the identified problems for future resettlement

scheme in the -ederal apital $erritory.

Resettlement in the -ederal apital $erritory is part of a frame wor% of land

implementation require to achieve the dream of -ederal apital ity 5lan. 1o it is

of great importance to %now that resettlement in the -ederal apital $erritory will

continue to go on in as much as new areas in the master plan is to be developed. 't

is concluded that resettlement is not only the provision of sites and services but

)


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most importantly assuring the displaced people of their socio(cultural and

economic well being.

't is also important to %now that before embar%ing on resettlement of

inhabitant of a place, the -ederal or 1tate government should consider the socio(economic life of people, by providing adequate housing unit, roads, water supply,

schools, clinics, mar%et and electricity etc. $his will enable them to continue their

normal activities.

1.06 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

1ome of the problems encountered during the research wor% were

!" $he time ta%en to have some vital information on the resettlement exercise on

the original inhabitants of #ar%i village which led to the spending of time and

money.

&" $he tedious time ta%en to get some of the materials for the continuation of this

research wor% and others.

1.0 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

buja is the capital city of Nigeria, it is located in the central of Nigeria

within the -ederal apital $erritory 0-$". buja is a planned city and was built

mainly in the !:;


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much of them extend to the 1outh of the roc%. so means Aictorious in the

language of the 0now displaced" so%oro 30$he people of victory"4

Other site includes the Nigerian National 7osque and the Nigerian

National hristian entre. $he city is served by the Nnamdi *i%iwe 'nternationalirport, while uma Roc% lies nearby. buja is %nown for being the best purpose

built city in frica as well as being one of the wealthiest and most expensive,

however, the population of the semi(developed edges of the city are living in

shanty towns such as Caru, originally planned to house the capital civil servant

and lower income families still, has no running water, sanitation or electricity.

$he master plan for buja and the -ederal apital $erritory 0-$" was

developed by 'nternational 5lanning ssociation 0'5", a consortium of three

merican firms 5lanning Research orporation, +allace, 7cttary, Roberts and

$odd, and rchi systems, and division of the 6ughes organi*ation. $he master

plan for buja defined the general structure and measure designed elements of the

city that are visible in the city=s current form more detculed designed of the central

areas of the capital, particularly its monumental core, was accomplished by Cen*o

$ange, a renowned Dapane*e rchitect, with his team of city planner at

Cemotange and Ertec company. 7ost countries relocated their embassies to

buja, and many maintain their former embassies as consulates in 8agos, still the

commercial capital of Nigeria. buja is the headquarters of the O52. buja and

the -$ have experienced huge population growth, it has been reported that some

areas around buja have been growing at &


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CHAPTER T!O

2.0.1 NEED FOR RESETTLEMENT SCHEME

Resettlement of people in most cases arises as a result of one or

combination of the following reasons!" 5lanned government action for the social economic development of the

country. $his is done in order to ma%e room for physical development.

&" s a result of natural disaster such as earthqua%e, fire disaster and flood

)" $hrough deliberate action of people themselves so as to move to a more

defensible environment in terms of war or to a favourable place in search of

fertile land, water for domestic consumption, pasture for animal gra*ing or

avoiding diseases infested *one.

BIRNIN KEBBI"$he Cebbi #overnment has earmar%ed about N@ billion for the

resettlement and compensation of !)?, also %illed five persons and destroyed seedings worth N )) million.

#overnment 1aidu /a%ingari disclosed this in Birnin Cebbi when lhaji

Chalid Husuf, the managing /irector of the 1o%oto river Rima Basin

/evelopment uthority, led the new management team on a courtesy visit.

/a%ingari said that G


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+ith the occurrence of any of the foregoing, a large number of people are

often displaced from their natural place to abode and are therefore presented from

practice what has always been their established wor%s for their existence and

livelihood. 't is obvious that factors that call for resettlement programme are oftenof great importance when trying to define the extent and content of the solution.

$his is because the processes involved in resettlement exercise are many. 't is

therefore not merely the restoration of the capacity of the economic well being of

the displaced persons or the restoration of disrubted or destroyed material and

services, but also other factors that will be needed to assure the people that they

have a future. +ith this, one can conclude that resettlement is not only the

provision of sites and services but most importantly assuring the people being

displaced of their social(economic wellbeing.

2.0.2 PAST RESETTLEMENT SCHEME

/ifferent types of resettlement schemes have ta%en place in different parts

of the country, either due to one acquisition or the other. $he following are some

of the few resettlement scheme that had ta%en place in some part of Nigeria.

2..0.2.1 THE KAINJI DAM RESETTLEMENT IN NIGER

Cainji /am is a dam across the Niger river in +estern Nigeria.

onstruction of the wor% began in !:>@ and was completed in !:>;. $he total cost

was estimated at I&", among others, focused on this region, saqua

0!:?:" observed that Cainji resettlement was one of the most successful

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resettlement in the developing world. $his success was brought about with high

adjustment levels as a result of both primary and secondary innovations in New

Bussa town. part from generation of electricity, it has positive effect on the

landscape, rural farming and fishery development as well as limnological andhydrological development of the area 07ill $ettey !:;&, !:;>". Richling 0!:;G"

on the other hand indicates that the resettled populace are often poor, uneducated

and naturally marginal. 1econd planners justify their recommendations by

declaring such charges to be good for people. $hey reason for example that new

housing or other amenities are the new site compensate social arrangement of

element of the traditional culture. $he aim of this article is to examine the Debba

scheme on agricultural change in the study area. 't is also to measure some aspect

of dislocation coming from isolated planning for the resettlement populace.

2.0.2.1 RESETTLEMENT IN JEBBA

-orceful acquisition of community land often results in isolating individual

communities in relation of specific planning about their resettlement. $he lin%s

between resettlement factors and rural change accruing from the process has been

recogni*ed, yet has been unadequately addressed, however, our old habit of

ignoring deprivation and innovations resulting from the former wor%s.

'ncreasingly, we realised there are social, cultural, economic, physical and

political aspect of the ways resettlement affects people lives 0O%wepo &


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0!:?)" and O%wepo 0&


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2.0.3 PRESENT RESETTLEMENT SCHEME

$he -ederal apital $erritory 0-$" administration disclosed that wor% on

the po resettlement site is achieved :G percent completion. 7inister of the

-/, 1enator Ba% 7uhammed in a statement issued by his chief press secretarysaid this was the highest recorded by the administration since the commencement

of resettlement programme. ccording to the 7inister revealed that the

administration undertoo% the construction of ;?? resettlement houses at the po

resettlement site and has up till now completed, ;GG, living only && as outstanding.

6e reiterated that the progress of wor% in the asphalting of the internal roads at the

site has reached advanced stage of completion with the hope that the contractor

will finish the job and handover before the end of this month.

$he -$ administration the 7inister noted has made giant stride in

ma%ing the houses habitable as prepaid electric meters are being installed in the

houses that have been ta%en over by the natives. +or% on the additional ten water

boreholes at the po resettlement site still going on. $he -/ 7inister has

explained that indigenous villages including #ar%i, #bagy, #ar%i, 6ausawa, po

and %panjenya are expected to be resettled in the po resettlement site. lso, the

share #aluwyi and +asa resettlement sites which are parts of the resettlement

projects are >G percent and GG percent complete respectively. 't is expected that

the administration will give the required !G percent mobili*ation fee to the

contractor handling the profession of access road from 5ape to 1here #aluwyi has

awarded by the -ederal 2xecutive ouncil 0-21".

2.0.4 PROCEDURE FOR RESETTLEMENT SCHEME

5rocedure adopted for resettlement scheme are as follows

!" O#$%&'()*&+ P%),$-%$/"'n order to ensure that best practices in involuntary

resettlement are adopted for the 8E$5 '' projects, 87$ will adopt

procedures, which are consistent with the world ban% operational policies 0O.5"

@.!& throughout the implementation of the sub projects. $his implies that among

others, baseline surveys and a social impact assessment will be carried out based

!


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on which a resettlement action plan 0R5" will be prepared and sent for approval

by the +orld Ban%.

'n accordance with the +orld Ban% policy 0ap @.!& paragraph &", stated

below, projects design will be reviewed to avoid or minimi*e involuntaryresettlement where feasible. 5roject affected persons will be consulted and enabled

to participate in the planning, implementation and monitoring of the resettlement.

$he +orld Ban% operational policies of @.!& states in paragrapj &.

a" 'nvoluntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible or minimi*ed,

exploring all viable alternative project designs

b" +here it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should

be conceived and executed as sustainable development programmes,

providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced

by the project to share in project benefits. /isplaced persons should be

meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in

planning and implementing resettlement programs.

c" /isplaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their

livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them in real terms,

to pre(displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of

project implementation, which ever is higher.

2 L$&+ F%&$)%/"$he legal framewor% for acquisition and resettlement in

Nigeria is the 8and Ese ct 08E" of !:?;, reviewed under cap &which are neither prescribed nor mandated in the ct. 6owever, where there are

conflicts between the national law 08and use ct" and the +orld Ban% policy 0op

@.!&", the +orld Ban% op @.!& will prevail for all sub projects under the 8E$5 ''.

3 O%&*(&'()*&+ P%),$-%$/ )% -$+(7$%8 ) E*'('+$$*'/"$his section of the

R5- defines the eligibility criteria required to effectively implemented the

!!


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resettlement. $he criteria will be specified in each R5- defines the eligibility

criteria required to effectively implemented the resettlement. $he criteria will be

specified in each R5 and cover any person who suffers loss of a damage to an

asset or loss of access to productive resources, as a result of carrying out of any ofthe projects under the 8E$5 ''. 2ligibility criteria will be informed by the three

criteria given in clause !G of the +orld Ban%=s operational policy @.!&.

( $hose who have formal legal rights to land 0including customary and traditional

rights recogni*ed under the laws of the country"

( $hose who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins

but have a claim to such land or assets J provided that such claims are recogni*ed

under the laws of the country or become recogni*ed through a process identified in

the resettlement plan.

4 V&+&'()* P%),$-%$/"$his section highlights the valuation of all assets that

will be affected as a result of the implementation of the programmes under the

8E$5 A. Aaluation of assets affected by the 8E$5 '' projects will be conducted

by the /epartment of cquisition and ompensation, -ederal apital

/evelopment uthority buja -$.

5 I*7('&'()* ') T9%$&'" 'deally, acquisition bodies normally issue 0ga*etted

notice of intended acquisitions specifying clearly demarcated areas that are up for

acquisition informing interested parties to come up with any commentsKobjectives

they may have. +ithin this period, the necessaryKneeded estate consultants are

engage after due process for the job.

5 I*'$%&,'(7$ /$,'()* ('9 '9$ ,)*('($/"$his very important initial step in

the acquisition procedure is geared towards sensiti*ing the affected communities

on the envisaged project within their domain, solicit their support on to entertain

any questions they may have on their opinion on the project. 't is at this stage that

the estate consultance on both side of the divided are introduced. s a large

agenda of this meeting dates of enumeration are fixed and agreed on by all parties

concerned.

!&


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'nspection and 2numeration on the due datas, climants and instructed to stand

by their farm plots or other interests that they may have claim for compensation.

$he community representatives in the team identifies each claimed and help in

settling any disputes or boundaries between each interest. 1ometimes, a videocoverage of the area may be underta%en for future use, and each claimants submits

a passport photograph to be scanned into the payment certificates.

: I*/%&*,$ ) ,$%'((,&'$/ ) E*$%&'()*" ompensation of enumeraton and a

later date to be announced, the consultant to the acquiring body prepares

certificates of enumeration bearing details of each claimed holding in triplicate or

duplicate for distribution to eligible beneficiaries. /uring this period, any minor

field problem li%e omissions disputes etc are also settled amicably.

; C)#'&'()*/ ) C+&(/"On completion of computations, a comprehensive

schedule of claimant and their assessed claims are complied and incorporate in a

report on findings, observations and recommendations of amount payable as

computation is submitted to the acquiring body for consideration approval and

release of funds for paying farmers in the area, living at subsistence levels, where

more concerned with avoiding ris% than maximi*ing profit. $he area is subject to

periodic droughts and the desire for a stable water supply was one of the motives

for constructing the dam.

2.0.5 RESETTLEMENT POLICIES IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY

$he first major policy statement in respect of the establishment of the

-ederal apital $erritory 0-$", the -ederal apital /evelopment uthority

0-/" and above the first major policy statement on resettlement issues within

the -$ subsequently, the -$ ct was enacted in !:?>. $he ct vests the entire

;,


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case with 8agos. 't wanted all the existing population to be moved out of the

territory, that was why it authori*ed not only a census of economic assets of all the

inhabitants of the territory but also undertoo% to pay compensation for all their

owners outside of the territory 07abogunje yile%a et al, &

was observed mostly in breach thereby leading to the flour shing of a vibrant

illegal land mar%et.

!@


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$he first major policy statement made by government in !:?>, was for

complete relocation of the entire inhabitants outside the new -ederal apital

territory, this was aimed at freeing the territory from any primordial claims and to

enable government ta%e direct control, plan and develop the new city without anyencumbrance. areful enumeration later revealed that the figure was not 3few4

about !G


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EFFECTS OF RESETTLEMENTS SCHEME ON INDIGENES

$here have been running battles between the -ederal apital $erritory

0-$", administration and indigenes of #ar%i village who have vowed to fight the

administration with their last drop of blood, over the resettlement programme.$rouble for the administration, it would appear is compounded by the day with

alledge plot by some of the villages who have already been resettled to get double

resettlement. 'n an apparent attempt to outwit the administration, some of the

indigenes, who have been handed %eys to their houses at the po resettlement

sites, instead of relocating to the area, have allegedly sold or lease their houses at

the site and are now said to be moving to areas in the territory that are yet to be

resettled.

$he villagers are so grievance because the -$ administration wanted to

relocate them to an uncompleted po resettlement camp, and are that, the

relocation policy of the administration falls short of their expectation.

'nvestigation revealed that some of the *ones of the resettlement camp are not

connected to electricity, while water and other social amenities are lac%ing in the

camp. $his investigation also revealed one of the reasons while beneficiaries had

refused to move to the area, coupled with the fact that some of them complained

that, the one bedroom flat allocation given to them at the camp was by far not

commensurate with their original houses which they are expected after receiving

the allocation. $hey accused the official of administration that are implementing

the relocation plan.

'n a statement issued recently in buja, Nyaholo said they abhorred the

total deviation from the resettlement objectives and the greed policy. n

enumeration exercise conducted by the -ederal apital /evelopment uthority

0-/" in &


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remaining ;>; plots. nother issued that they are also aggrieved about is that

complaints by G@: persons about their houses were not addressed.

#overnment promise of decent resettlement to compensate them for the

loss of their ancestral home, which was forcefully ta%en away from them forNigeria=s -ederal apital $erritory buja. $or%ura is one of the natives who

previously inhabited #ar%i village before the 7alam Nasir 2l(Rufai administration

in 0&


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&" 8ac% of seriousness by the acquiring authority in the area of some of the

promise facilities and recommendation made in the report

)" 5olitical influenceKinterference some selfish politician of an affected area

sometimes plays politics with the issue of identity of the indigene throughsegregation and elimination of some people on the resettlement scheme list.

8ac% of sta%eholders forum on the issue of resettlement

schemeKconsultativeKinteraction session with the communities by either the

national boundary commission or the acquiring authority.

!;


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CHAPTER THREE

3.00 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.01 TYPE AND METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

't is apparent that the compilation of data and subsequent interpretation ofinformation of a project of this nature requires the need for employing a technique

of collecting relevant data. 'n pursuance of this, the following process of collecting

data was adhered to

3.02 PRIMARY SOURCES OF DATA

$his source of data collection is adopted through questionnaire

administration. $he questionnaire was designed precisely to obtain a broad

spectrum of information needed for the achievement of the main aim and

objectives of this research wor%.

$he first part dealt with personal characteristics of the affected indigenes i.e

age, sex, marital status, and their level of education.

$he second part dealt with enumeration and payment of compensation of

indigenes on their crops and economic trees and other improvement on land.

3.03 POPULATION

$he sample population use in the research is the actual inhabitant of #ar%i

village and not the squarters.

3.04 SECONDARY SOURCES OF DATA

1econdary source of data is obtained from the /epartment of resettlement

and compensation 0-/" past project wor% that is relevant to resettlement is site

through journals.

3.05 SAMPLE TECHNI


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has now become the administrative capital of Nigeria. 7ost of the #ar%i village

are indigenes.

&


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CHAPTER FOUR

4.00 DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULT

$his represents a synthesis of raw data obtained from the survey. $he

importance of data analysis is to bring out some of the features in the study area soas to arrive at the general views of the indigenes. $his will help in solving the

problem identified in the area and also help in shaping resettlement policies in

buja as a whole.

'n conducting the research, a technique is adopted which form the

basis of analysis and subsequent presentation of data. $he detail of which are

given below.

41 DATA PRESENTATION

Luestionnaire distributed to the respondents as earlier mentioned have the

same content. 7ore especially, the questions relating to respondent option with

regard to their satisfaction in respect of the resettlement scheme.

4.02 PERSONAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE RESPONDENTS

$he personal characteristics includes age, sex, marital status and education.

T&=+$ 4.2.1

R$/#)*-$*'/ A$ D(/'%(='()*

ge Number of occurrence 5ercentage

Below &< years & G

&< J ): years &) G?.G

@< J @: years !< &G

>< and above G !&.G

$otal @< !$he table above shows the age distribution of the respondents. $he

indigenes being generally rural people with traditional characters. $he age group

between &< J ): has the highest percentage. $hey were mostly interviewed and the

research was carried out.

T&=+$ 4.2.2

M&%('&+ S'&'/ ) '9$ R$/#)*-$*'/

&!


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7arital 1tatus Number of occurrence 5ercentage

7arried &< G< and above G !&.G

$otal @< !$he table above revealed that, >,+'%&+ E$,'/ ) R$/$''+$$*'

2ffects Number of occurrence 5ercentage

6ouse : &&.G

8ifestyles !> @" The Township and Resettlement (ousing) $hird +orld

5lanning Review !; 0!" )G J @:.

Oyedipo 0!:;)" djustment toResettlement*a case study of the resettled people

in Cainji 8a%e Basin Eniversity of 'badan 5ress.

Olawepo, R.. 0& J !


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FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC@ P.M.B 103@ IDAH.

SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES@ DEPARTMENT OF

ESTATE MANAGEMENT


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!@" 'f you had a choice, would you have preferred remain in your formal

settlement9 ..

PART IV

!G" /id the government provide infrastructure facilities to you9

!>" +hat is your comment as regards future resettlement exercise in the -$9

!?" +hat is your advice to the government concerning resettlement exercise9

..

!;" 6ow did the resettlement exercise affect your social culture well being9

!:" +hich of the government department was charged with the responsibilities of

carrying out this resettlement exercise9

.

&

effect of resettlement scheme on indigenous inhabitants of garki village from federal capital city

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