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EFC CRYSTALFormulating environmentallyfriendly fracturing fluids
SPECIAL FLUIDS DIVISION24, Cours Michelet - La Défense 10
92069 Paris La Défense - Cedex
www.totalspecialfluids.com
Ag
ence R
e-S
ourc
e !
/ S
ep
tem
ber
2014
EFC Crystal technical specifications give formulators a wide range of
grades to fine-tune the composition of fracturing fluids; low Pour point
ensures product performance in even the most extreme temperature (eg.
exploration in Canada), high flashpoint facilitates safety in material handling
and transport, whilst a variety of viscosity options enables control of fluid
rheology.
With the growing need for alternative sources of energy, Shale gas has
gained significant importance over the last few years. However, the use
of million of gallons of fluids in hydraulic fracturing have increasingly raised
concerns with regard to waste water management as well as ground water
pollution. Specialists in the development of ultra pure hydrocarbons, Total
has developed a comprehensive range of eco-grade materials dedicated
to the formulation of fracturing fluids additives, such as viscosifiers, friction
reducers and fluid loss control technologies.
EFC Crystal fluids enable
the formulation of fracturation products which exceed
the US EPA regulations
Additives with ultra low BTEXand PAH levels
Turning to eco-grade materials
EFC CRYSTAL ULTRA LOW BTEX Standard
205ST250230200180Method
Method
Units
Units
Properties
BTEX
Density@15°C (59°F)
791 817 811 816 809kg/m3 ASTMD4052
Boiling Range:- Initial Point- Dry Point
182 (360) 201 (394) 230 (446) 250 (482) 199 (390)
°C (°F)
°C (°F)
ASTM D86216 (421) 241 (466) 270 (518) 330 (626) 253 (487)
Flashpoint 63 (145) 72 (162) 100 (212) 136 (277) 75 (167)
Viscosity @40°C 1.4 1.9 2.3 3.5 1.8cSt ASTM D445
ASTM D93
Pourpoint -84 (-119) -72 (-98) -59 (-74) -27 (-17) -40 (-40)°C (°F) ASTM D97
Benzene
< 150
ppbUS EPASW846-8260B
EthylbenzeneND: Non Detectable
EFC Crystal 180, 200, 230 and 250have been measured for the presence of BTEX
according to method SW846-8260B
No BTEX compounds were detectedat the lowest detection level (25ppb) < 500
Toluene
m- and p-Xylene
ND*
o-Xylene
Data are provided to the best of our knowledge with no warranty expressed or implied
Benzene is classified as to most dangerous BTEX by the EPA in the USA, as known human carcinogen for all routes of exposure. Therefore, EPA introduced a maximum threshold limit of 5 ppb for benzene levels in drinking water. EFC Crystal 200 has been tested for the presence of compounds, and no benzene traces were identified at these ultra low levels.
ppb
125
100 < 100
< 5
< 25
< 100
< 25
< 100
< 25
< 100
75
50
25
0Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene Xylenes
BTEX contents comparison
competitor product
EFC Crystal 200
EFC Crystal technical specifications give formulators a wide range of
grades to fine-tune the composition of fracturing fluids; low Pour point
ensures product performance in even the most extreme temperature (eg.
exploration in Canada), high flashpoint facilitates safety in material handling
and transport, whilst a variety of viscosity options enables control of fluid
rheology.
With the growing need for alternative sources of energy, Shale gas has
gained significant importance over the last few years. However, the use
of million of gallons of fluids in hydraulic fracturing have increasingly raised
concerns with regard to waste water management as well as ground water
pollution. Specialists in the development of ultra pure hydrocarbons, Total
has developed a comprehensive range of eco-grade materials dedicated
to the formulation of fracturing fluids additives, such as viscosifiers, friction
reducers and fluid loss control technologies.
EFC Crystal fluids enable
the formulation of fracturation products which exceed
the US EPA regulations
Additives with ultra low BTEXand PAH levels
Turning to eco-grade materials
EFC CRYSTAL ULTRA LOW BTEX Standard
205ST250230200180Method
Method
Units
Units
Properties
BTEX
Density@15°C (59°F)
791 817 811 816 809kg/m3 ASTMD4052
Boiling Range:- Initial Point- Dry Point
182 (360) 201 (394) 230 (446) 250 (482) 199 (390)
°C (°F)
°C (°F)
ASTM D86216 (421) 241 (466) 270 (518) 330 (626) 253 (487)
Flashpoint 63 (145) 72 (162) 100 (212) 136 (277) 75 (167)
Viscosity @40°C 1.4 1.9 2.3 3.5 1.8cSt ASTM D445
ASTM D93
Pourpoint -84 (-119) -72 (-98) -59 (-74) -27 (-17) -40 (-40)°C (°F) ASTM D97
Benzene
< 150
ppbUS EPASW846-8260B
EthylbenzeneND: Non Detectable
EFC Crystal 180, 200, 230 and 250have been measured for the presence of BTEX
according to method SW846-8260B
No BTEX compounds were detectedat the lowest detection level (25ppb) < 500
Toluene
m- and p-Xylene
ND*
o-Xylene
Data are provided to the best of our knowledge with no warranty expressed or implied
Benzene is classified as to most dangerous BTEX by the EPA in the USA, as known human carcinogen for all routes of exposure. Therefore, EPA introduced a maximum threshold limit of 5 ppb for benzene levels in drinking water. EFC Crystal 200 has been tested for the presence of compounds, and no benzene traces were identified at these ultra low levels.
ppb
125
100 < 100
< 5
< 25
< 100
< 25
< 100
< 25
< 100
75
50
25
0Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene Xylenes
BTEX contents comparison
competitor product
EFC Crystal 200