eenady english jan07

8/7/2019 Eenady English Jan07

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≤Ú- ’- ¢√®Ωç 1 -ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ Â £j «- ü¿®√¶«-ü

Hrithik: When is the meeting, exactly?

(ÅÆæ©’ O’öÀ çí˚ á°æ ¤púø ’?)Rithwik: At 5 on friday. That is the day after

(tomorrow). We've to see that nothing

goes wrong.

(¨¡Ÿvéπ¢√®Ω ç Å®·CçöÀéÀ. Åçõ‰ á©’x çúÕ. à§Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ ï®Ω-í∫èπ◊çú≈ îª÷ú≈L ´’†ç)

Hrithik: So? (Å®·ûË?)Rithwik: We have to be there around one in

the afternoon.

(´’†ç Ç®ÓV ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äçöÀ-í∫çôv§ƒçûªç™ Åéπ\úø Öçú≈L).

Hrithik: Why so early?

(Åçûª ´·çü¿’í¬ áçü¿’èπ◊?)

Rithwik: Around 200 people are expected to

attend the meeting. We've to receive

them. To supervise the arrangements

we've to be there early enough.(200 ´’çC O’öÀ çí˚èπ◊ £æ …ï-®Ω- ¤-û√-®ΩEÅçîªØ√. à®√p-ôx†’ °æ®Ωu-¢ËéÀ ~çîªö«EéÀ ´’†çûªT†çûª ´·çü¿’-í¬ØË Åéπ\úø Öçú≈L.)

Hrithik: When is the chief guest due to

arrive?

(´·êu-ÅAC∑ ®√¢√-LqçüÁ°æ ¤púø ’?)(due to = Åçü¿’- ©x)His failure was due to his laziness =

ÅûªúÕ •ü¿léπç ´©x Åûªúø ’ N°∂ æ©´’-ßª÷uúø ’.Due to Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ω n ç– àüÁ jØ√ ï®Ωí¬Lq†Ææ ’ßª’ç.The meeting is due to start in five minutes

= Ééπ Å®·ü¿’ EN’≥ƒ©èπ◊ O’öÀ çí˚ v§ƒ®Ωç¶µºçé¬†’çC.The train due at 14.30 = Ç È®j©’ ´’üµ ∆u£æ «oç2.30 èπ◊ ®√¢√L.She is due at/ she is due to come at 10.30

= Ç¢Á’ °æC-†o-®Ωèπ◊ ®√¢√Lq ÖçC.Rithwik: He is expected to be here around

4.30 itself. He is usually punctual.

(Çßª’† 4.30 Íé ´≤ƒh-úøE Å†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o®Ω’.Çßª’† ´÷´‚-©’í¬ éπÈ®é˙d õ„j¢˛’Íé´≤ƒhúø ’.)

Hrithik: Where exactly is this conference

hall?

(Ñ Ææ ÷¢Ë ¡ç ïJÍí £æ …™¸ éπÈ®-é˙dí¬áéπ\úø ’çC?)

Rithwik: You get on my nerves, Hrithik. You

are the joint secretary and you are

irresponsible enough not to know

even that. You get on my nerves.

(†’´¤y Ææ çßª ·éπh é¬®Ωu-ü¿-JzN, Ñ N≠æßª’çèπÿú≈ ûÁL-ßª’-†çûª ¶«üµ¿u-û√-®Ω-£œ«-ûªçí¬ÖØ√o´¤. Ø√èπ◊ éÓ°æ ç ûÁ°œ p-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤.)

Hrithik: I'm sorry. I'll be careful. Where's the

hall?(≤ƒK. Ééπ ´·çü¿’ ñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ Öçö«.£æ …™„éπ\úø?)

Rithwik: This hall is above the department

store around the collectorate.

(Ñ £æ …©’ éπ™„éπd®˝ Ç°∂ ‘Æ ü¿í∫ _®Ω ’†o úÕ§ƒ-®˝d-¢Á’çö¸ ≤Úd®˝ Â°j† ÖçC.)

Hrithik: Isn't that the one just below the mini

conference room?

(ÅC *†o é¬†p¥È®Ø˛q £æ…©’ éÀ çü¿C éπü∆?)Rithwik: Just that. It's quite spacious. But the

problem is there isn't enough parking

place for all the cars and two wheel-

ers that may come.

(ÅüË. ¶«í¬ Â°ü¿lC. é¬E Ææ´’-ÊÆu-N’-ôçõ‰Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»-E-éÌîËa¢√∞¡x é¬®Ω’x, Cyîªvéπ¢√£æ «Ø√©’ E©°æú≈EéÀ ûªT† ´ÆæA ™‰ü¿’.)

Hrithik: How are we getting around the problem?

(Ñ Ææ ’Ææ u†’ á™« ÅCµí∫N’≤ƒhç?)Rithwik: I think we can take the school

grounds nearby for the duration of the

conference.

(ü¿í∫ _®Ω ’†o Ææ÷\™¸ víıçú˛q†’ Ç é¬†p¥-È®Ø˛qÆæ ’-ßª÷-EéÀ BÆæ ’-éÓ´îª’a.)

Hrithik: Where is the chief guest from?

(Ñ ´·êu ÅAC∑ áéπ\úÕ¢√úø ’?)Rithwik: From Vizag. He lives there around

the Lawson's Bay.(Çßª’†C ¢Á jñ«í˚. Åéπ\úø Lawson's Bay

ü¿J-ü∆°æ ¤™x Öçö«úø ’.)Hrithik: Shall we go and have a look around

the place now? I mean the confer-

ence hall.

(´’†ç ¢ÁRx ã≤ƒJ Ç Ææ ÷-¢Ë ¡ v§ƒçí∫ù«Eo îª÷ü∆l ÷?)

Rithwik: Lets go. (¢Á∞¡ü∆ç °æü¿.)

´’†ç Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ lesson ™'about' Ö°æßÁ ÷í∫ç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆.ü∆ü∆°æ ¤ ÅüË Å®Ωn ç Ö†o around

Ö°æßÁ ÷í∫ ç îª÷ü∆l ç.around Åçõ‰ ÅÆæ©®Ωn ç îª’ô÷d ÅEéπü∆. ÉC ´’†çü¿-JéÃ ûÁL-Æœ† Å®Ω n ç.There is a wall around the gar-

den = Ç ûÓô îª’ô÷d íÓúø ÖçC.The fence around the field prevents cattle from

entering it =

Ç §Ò©ç îª’ô÷d Ö†o éπçîÁ °æ ¡Ÿ- ¤-©†’ ™°æLéÀ®√èπ◊çú≈ E®ÓCµÆæ’hçC.

Å®·ûË around †’ about èπ◊ •ü¿’-©’í¬ ü∆ü∆°æ ¤ ÅØËÅ®Ωn çûÓ ¢√úø-û√®Ω ’.a) He came here around 2 o'clock =

Åûªúø ’ ü∆ü∆°æ ¤ È®çúÕ çöÀéÌî√aúÕéπ\úÕéÀ.b) Around three hundred people gathered in

the place =

ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ´‚úÌçü¿-©´’çC Åéπ\úø í∫’N’-í∫÷-ú≈®Ω’.

Around Åçõ‰ Ç îª’ô’d°æéπ\©/ Åô’-¢Á j°æ ¤/ Ç ü¿J-ü∆°æ ¤© ÅØË Å®Ωn ç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.a) He lives somewhere around the bus station=

Åûª†’ bus station ü¿í∫ _®Ω Öçö«úø ’/ ü¿J-ü∆°æ ¤™xÖçö«úø ’.

b) Her office is somewhere around the post

office =

Ç¢Á’ office post office ü¿í∫ _È®-éπ\úÓ ÖçC.Kumud: Who are you looking for?

(á´J-éÓÆæ ç îª÷Ææ ’h-Ø√o´¤?/ ¢Áü¿’-èπ◊ûª’-Ø√o´¤?)Sudhir: For Sakuntala. (¨¡èπ◊çûª© éÓÆæ ç)Kumud: She was around here half an hour

ago. Don't know where she is now.

(Å®Ω-í∫ çô éÀçü¿ Ééπ\úË/ Ñ ü¿J-ü∆°æ ¤™ÖçC. É°æ ¤-úÁéπ\úø ’çüÓ ûÁL-ßª’ü¿’.)

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆, around Åçõ‰ äéπ v°æüË ¡ç™/ v°æüË ¡çü¿í∫ _®Ω ÅØË Å®Ω nçûÓ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø îª’a.Get around: DEE conversation ™ î√™« ≤ƒüµ ∆®Ωùçí¬ ¢√úø ’-ûª’çö«®Ω ’. äéπ Ææ ’-Ææuèπ◊ °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ω ç éπ†’-éÓ\´ôç é¬F/ äéπ Ææ ’-Ææ u†’ ûª°œ pçîªôç ÅE é¬FÅ®Ωn ç.a) We can get around most of the problems in

the country by population control =

ïØ√¶µ « Eßª’çvûªù´©x üË ¡ Ææ ’-Ææ u-©†’ î√™«´’-ô’èπ◊ ÅCµí∫N’çîª îª’a / (üË¨¡ Ææ ’-Ææ u-©èπ◊)°æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç éπ†’-éÓ\´îª’a.

b) (It is) difficult to get around the p

age problem =

Nü¿’uû˝ éÌ®Ωûª Ææ´’Ææu-†’ °æJ-≠æ\JçÆæ ’©¶µ ºç é¬ü¿’.

Go around Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωn ç îª’ô÷d Aa) If the door is locked, you'll have to

the side of the house =

ûª©’°æ ¤ û√∞¡ç ¢ËÆœ Öçõ‰ °æéπ\†´Ææ’hçC.

b) If you go around the house, you

be suspected =

ÉçöÀ îª’ô÷d AJT ¢Á∞¡Ÿûª’çõ‰ E†’o ´îª’a.ÉN ´÷´‚©’í¬ conversation

around èπ◊ Ææ ç•çCµ ç*† ´÷ô©’. ÉNO’ conversation simple í¬, Ææ£æ «ïçí¬Now look at the following sentenc

conversation at the beginning of t

1. We've (we have) to be there aro

the afternoon =

ü∆ü∆°æ ¤ äçöÀí∫çôèπ◊/ äçöÀí∫ çô v§ƒçÅéπ\úø Öçú≈L.

2. Around 200 people are expectethe meeting =

ü∆ü∆°æ ¤ 200 ´’çC Ææ ÷-¢Ë »-EéÀ ®√´3. He is expected to be here a

itself =

Çßª’† Ééπ\úÕéÀ 4.30, Ç v§ƒçûª ç™ 4. He lives around the Lawson's Ba

Çßª’† Lawson's Bay ü¿í∫ _®Ω Öçö«úø5. Shall we have a look around

now?=

Ç v°æüË »Eo (Ææ¶µ « v§ƒçí∫ù«Eo) ã≤ƒü∆ü∆°æ ¤, ü¿í∫ _®Ω, îª’ô’d°æéπ\© ÅØË Å®Ωn ç¢√úÕ†-îÓô™«x about ¢√úø îª’a.

Exercise:

Write as many sentences as y

on the following pattern

Subject + verb + 'wh' word +

He knows why

Ñ pattern ™ ´’®Ó example îª÷úø çSub + verb + 'wh' word +

She explained how she fou

Sentence 1) Å®Ωn ç: ØËE-éπ\-úÁç-ü¿’-èπ◊-Ø√oØÓûÁ©’Ææ’.

2) ü∆J á™« éπ†’-èπ◊\çüÓ Ç¢Á’ N´Jç–

Ççí∫ x ¶µ «- ≠æù 253Ççí∫ x ¶µ «-≠æù

v °æ ¡ o: I. Present perfect continuous tense ™ questions îË ÊÆ véπ´’ç™ Ñ v°æ¨¡o©†’ á™«¢√ú≈™ ûÁ ©°æí∫ ©®Ω’.

What have you done all nights?

What have you been done all nights?

What have been you done in nights?

Â°j ¢√öÀ ™ àC ÆæÈ®jçC?II. I watched Rama load the gun to load.

I saw her open the letter to open.

OöÀ Å®√n™‰ N’öÀ ? ≤ÚpéπØ˛ ÉçTx≠ ™ OöÀ Ö°æßÁ ÷-í¬Eo N´Jçîª çúÕ.

– Åçûª öÀ Â°çîª ©ßª ’u, ®√ïçÊ°ô. ï- ¢√- •’: I. What have you done all nights?

Ñ question ™ØË verb have you done, present

perfect tense ™ ÖçC. Å®·ûË all nights

Å†o-°æ ¤púø ’ Å®Ωn ç ÆæJ-í¬®√ü¿’.What have you done all the night? (®√vûª çû√àç îË »´¤?) ÅØÁ jØ√, what have you done all the

nights? (ÅEo ®√vûª’©÷ É°æpöÀ ®Ωèπ◊ àç îË »´¤?)ÅØÁ jØ√ Å®Ωn ç ´Ææ’hçC.

What have you been done all nights? -Éçü¿’-™E verb, have you been done, present per-

fect tense, é¬E, voice passive. Åçü¿’- ©x Å®Ω n ç†’¢Ë yç îËßª’-•-ú≈f ¤? ÅE Å®Ωn ç ™‰E sentence Å´¤-ûÓçC. í∫’®Ω’hçîª’-éÓçúÕ– verb, be form + past par-

ticiple Å®·ûË voice passive. Ééπ\úø have been

- 'be' form; done (past participle) - é¬•öÀ d, verb,

passive - ÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωn ç®√ü¿’.II. I watched Rama load the gun - ÉC correct

sentence - Rama gun load îËßª’ôç îª÷¨»†’ÅE. ´’Sx to load Åçõ‰ Å®Ω nç™‰ü¿’. Å°æ ¤p-úøCsentence Å´ü¿’.I saw her open the letter to open - I saw her

open the letter (Ç¢Á’ letter open îËßª’ôçîª÷¨»†’ ÅE) Åçõ‰ î√©’-í∫ü∆? ´’Sx to open

repeat îËßª’ôç áçü¿’èπ◊? Å®Ω n ç®√ü¿’.

v °æ ¡ o: 1. ''ÂÆjéÀ ™¸ ûÌéπ\úø ç Ø√ ´©x é¬ü¿’—— (ÂÆjéÀ xçí˚ ´îª’a, é¬E ûª °œ pçîª ’-éÓ´ú≈EéÀ )

2. ''F´¤ ÂÆjéÀ ™¸ ûÌÍé\ôôx®·ûË ØË †’ ´≤ƒh†’——.Ñ ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx≠ ™ á™« ÅØ√™ ûÁ ©°æí∫ ©®Ω ’.

– XE¢√Æˇ îÁ ©, í∫ ’çô÷®Ω ’

-ï- ¢√- •’: 1. I won't pedal/ I can't pedal.2. If you pedal/ If you are willing to pedal,

I'll come/ go with you/ accompany you.

cycle ûÌéπ\ôç = pedal/ cycle

v °æ ¡ o: So, very, too °æü∆©†’ á°æ ¤púø ’, á™« ¢√ú≈™ ûÁ ©°æí∫ ©®Ω’. You are very late. You are so

late . You are too late . ´‚úø ÷ äéπõ‰ Ø√?– ¨»N’L, éÌûª÷h®Ω ’, Xé¬- π◊∞¡ç.

-ï- ¢√- •’: So Åçõ‰ áçûÓ ÅE. you are so good =

†’´¤y/ O’®Ω’ áçûÓ ´’ç*¢√-úÕN/ ü∆EN/ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ÅEÅ®Ωn ç. American English ™ î√™« ÅØË Å®Ωn çûÓ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«®Ω’.eg: Thank you so much. (O’ÈéçûÓ thanks)

Very Åçõ‰ ¶«í¬ ÅE éπü∆.He is a good man = Åûªúø ’ ´’ç*¢√úø ’

She is a very beautiful girl =

Ç¢Á’ î√™« Åçü¿-¢Á’i† Å´÷t®·.Too Åçõ‰ ÅA. àüÁ jØ√ too Åçõ‰, ÅC

Ææ®Ω-¢Á’i†-ü∆E-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ÅE, Åçéπçõ‰ éÃúË ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çü¿E.

a) It is very bad = ÅC î√™« îÁúø ’ –

It is too bad = ÅC ÅA îÁúø ’ – ¶µ ºb) The doctor's fee is high/ ve

Doctor BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË fee áèπ◊\´/ î√Å®·Ø√ ´’†ç Çßª’† ü¿í∫ _®Ω ¢Á jü¿éÓ´îª’a.The doctor's fee is too high =

Çßª’† fee ´’K áèπ◊\´ (´’†ç Â°Çßª’† ü¿í∫ _®Ω ´’†ç ¢Á jü¿uç îË®·çîªvery, so, too ©’ Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’î√™«≤ƒ®Ω ’x N´Jçî√ç. îª÷úø çúÕ.you are so late - †’¢Á yçûÓ °∂ æ®Ω¢√-™‰ü¿’.you are too late - †’´¤y ´’K Ç©Ææ – ï®Ω-í¬Lq† °æE Éçéπ ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’. Fèπ◊

We have to be there around ..



–

í’®Ω ’- ¢√®Ωç 4 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ Â £j«ü¿ ®√¶«ü˛

Pranaya: Well, how did the inter collegiate debate contest go

yesterday?

(E†o Åçûª®˝ éπ∞«¨»©© debate §ÚöÃ á™« ïJ-TçC?)Vismaya: It went off very well. We had an exciting time. The

judges had a tough time picking up the prize winners.

(î√™« ¶«í¬ ïJ-TçC. î√™« Öûª’qéπûª éπL-Tç*çC. •£æ ›´’A Èí©’îª’èπ◊ØË¢√-∞¡x†’ E®Ωg®·çîªôç Ø√ußª’-E-Í®gûª©èπ◊ éπ≠æ d ç

Å®·uçC.)Pranaya: The results? (°∂æL-û√©’?)Vismaya: As expected. Our college team won the best team prize.

(Å†’-èπ◊†oõ‰ d. ´÷ College team Öûª h´’ ïô’d •£æ›´’AÈí©’-îª’-èπ◊çC.)

Pranaya: Aren't you a member of your college team? I know

you are. Congrats. I'm really happy.

(O’ college team ™ †’´¤y member é¬ü∆? †’´¤y mem-

ber ÅE Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ÅGµ†çü¿-†©’. Ø√èπ◊ Eïçí¬ Ææ çûÓ

≠æ çí¬ ÖçC.)Vismaya: I got the best speaker award too.

(Ø√èπ◊ Öûª h´’ ´éπh •£æ ›´’A èπÿú≈ ´*açC.)Pranaya: Hei, that's fine. Congrats again. That's great news.

(î√™« ¶«í∫’çC. ´’Sx congrats. ÅC íÌ°æ p N≠æßª’¢Ë ’)Vismaya: I may tell you too that this is the third time in a row

that I got the best speaker award.

(ÉçéÓ N≠æßª’ç èπÿú≈ îÁ§ƒpL. ØË†’ Öûªh´’ ´éπh •£æ›´’A§Òçü¿ôç ÉC ´®Ω’-Ææí¬ ´‚úÓ≤ƒJ.)

Pranaya: That's fantastic. I am really delighted. Keep it up.

(î√™« Åü¿’s¥ûª ç. Ø√èπ◊ Eïçí¬ Ç†çü¿çí¬ ÖçC. É™«Íí éÌ†-≤ƒ-Tçîª’.)

Vismaya: Not I'm proud of it, but since my debut three years

ago, I've been getting some prize or the other in

which ever debate contest I spoke.

(Åçõ‰ í∫®Ωyçí¬ îÁ°æ ¤p-éÓ´ôç é¬ü¿’-í¬F, ´‚úË∞¡x éÀ çü¿ô ¢Á ·ôd¢Á ·ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-Jí¬ §ƒ™Ô_†o°æpöÀ †’ç* ØË†’ ´÷ö«xúÕ† v°æA §ÚöÃ

™†÷ àüÓ äéπ •£æ ›´’A Èí©’-îª’-èπ◊çô÷ØË ÖØ√o.)debut - î√™« Ö°æßÁ ÷-í∫éπ®Ω-¢Á’i† ´÷ô, î√™« Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úø ’-ûª’çö«ç. DE pronunciation È®çúø ’ ´‚úø ’ ®Ωé¬©’í¬ Öçô’çC.1) úÁß˝’•÷u – 'úÁ— ØÌéÀ \ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç2) úÁ•÷u – 'úÁ— ØÌéÀ \ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç3) úÁß˝’•÷u – '•÷u— ØÌéÀ \ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.4) úÕ•÷u – '•÷u— ØÌéÀ \ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.Å®Ωn ç: éπ∞«é¬®Ω’© ¢Á ·ôd¢Á ·ü¿öÀ v°æü¿-®Ω z†/ ®Ωçí∫ v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç. †ô’©’,Ø√ôuçîËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx, véÃú≈é¬®Ω ’© ¢Á ·ôd¢Á ·-ü¿öÀ v°æü¿-®Ω z†/ Å®ΩçÍívôç.

Pranaya: Really? That's most encouraging, I must say. Keep it up.

(Å´¤Ø√? î√™« v§Úû√q£æ «éπ®Ωçí¬ ÖçC. Å™«Íí éÌ†-≤ƒ-Tçîª’.)Vismaya: Oh, thank you so much.

Pranaya: At this rate you are on your way to being a great

speaker.

(ÉüËB®Ω’ éÌ†-≤ƒ-TûË †’¢Óy íÌ°æ p speaker í¬ ûªßª÷-®Ω- ¤-û√´¤.)Vismaya: I'm not so sure of that, but I shall at least be good at

communication when I enter a career.

(ÅüË¢Á ÷ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ßª’ü¿’, é¬F àüÁ jØ√ ÖüÓuí∫ ç, ´%Ah™ v°æ¢ËPç*†-°æ ¤púø ’ communication ™ ØË®Ω’pçô’çC.)

Communication skills are important for any career now. (É°æ ¤púø ’à career ™ØÁ jØ√ communication skills ´·êuç. career - pron.

éπKßª’/ éπJ – 'éπ— ØÌéÀ \°æ©’èπ◊û√ç – ´%Ah, ÖüÓu-í¬©’)Pranaya: That's good. When you speak next time, let me know.

I am eager to listen to you at a debate competition at

the earliest opportunity.

(´’ç*C. Ñ≤ƒJ ´÷ö«xúËô°æ ¤púø ’ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ßª’-°æ®Ω ’îª’. Ñ≤ƒJ¢Á çôØË ´îË a Å´é¬¨¡ç™ F speech NØ√-©E Çvûª çí¬ ÖØ√o.)

Vismaya: I will.

Pranaya: OK, bye.

Ñ Ææ ç¶µ «≠æù™ ´’†ç í∫´’Eç*çC– NÆæ tßª’ v°æA¶µ º†’ v°æùßª’†’ ÅGµ†çCçîªúøç, v§Úûª q£œ «çîªúøç (congratulating and encouraging). ÅçûËé¬èπ◊çú≈ 'at' preposition ¢√úøéπç. NNüµ ¿ Ææ çü¿-®√s¥©èπ◊ ûªT† expres-

sions English ™ ¢ËÍ®y-®Ω’í¬ Öçö«®·.

In the conversation above- ûª†’ Èí©’-îª’-èπ◊†o prize N≠æßª’ç NÆæ tßª’îÁ°œ p†-°æ ¤púø ’ v°æùßª’ ÅGµ†çCÆæ÷h Å†o ´÷ô©’ îª÷ü∆l ç:a) Congrats. I am really happy.b) Hei, that's fine. congrats again.

c) That's fantastic. d) I am really delighted.

e) Keep it up. f) Really? that's most encouraging, I must say.

ÅGµ†çCçîªôç: Congratulating.

á´È®jØ√ àüÁ jØ√ ≤ƒCµ ç*†-°æ¤púø’, ´’†ç ü∆Eo í∫ ’Jç* î√™« Ææ çûÓ≠æ°æúø f°æ ¤púø ’, ≤ƒCµ ç*†¢√-JE ÅGµ†çCçîªö«EéÀ, Congrats Åçö«ç. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰°æ‹Jh ´÷ôí¬ congratulations Åçö«ç.Congrats/ Congratulations ûª®√yûª on ÅØË preposition ¢√úøû√ç.Congrats for ÅØËC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.é¬Ææh formal í¬ ÅØËô°æ ¤púø ’ ¢√úË expressions:

1) Let me congratulate you on ...2) Accept my congratulation on ...

3) Please accept my congratulations on ...

4) Do accept my congratulation on ...

*†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx ûª ’-éπçõ‰ Â°ü¿l¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ Â°j Nüµ ¿çí¬ congratulations îÁ•’-û√®Ω’.Éçé¬ formal í¬ Å®·ûË–May I congratulate you on ...

Allow me to offer my congratulations on ...

ÉçéÌçîÁ ç effectiveí¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰ heartiest/ warmest congratulation

Åçö«ç.

¶«í¬ îª†’- ¤†o¢√∞¡x†÷, ´’†-éπçõ‰ *†o-¢√-∞¡x†’ ÅGµ†çCçîË Nüµ∆†ç:a) Hei, Congrats.

b) Congrats on your excellent performance/ achievement/ dis-

tinction.

c) Congrats. Keep it up. d) That's splendid, congrats.

ÅGµ†çü¿-†-ûÓ§ƒô’ v§Úûª q£œ «çîªö«EéÀ ¢√úË ´÷ô©’ É™« Öçö«®·.a) Nice/ fantastic/ terrific b) That's really great of you

c) Happy to hear that d) It makes me very happy to hear that

e) I appreciate that

f) I wonder if at your age, I could've done as well.

(F ´ßª’-Ææ’™ ØË†’ †’´¤y îËÆœ†çûª/ ≤ƒCµ ç*†çûª ≤ƒCµ çîªí∫©¢√-úÕØ√/ü∆EØ√ ÅE Å†’-èπ◊çô’Ø√o.)

Ææ çü¿-®Ω s¥¨¡Ÿ-Cl ¥í¬ Â°j ´÷ô©’ ¢√úÕûË ´’† conversation î√™« ¶«í∫’çô’çC.É¢Ë ¢√ú≈©E rule àç ™‰ü¿’. Ææ çü¿-®√s¥EéÀ ûªT†ô’x à ´÷õ„ jØ√ ¢√úø îª’a.Éçé¬ É™«èπÿú≈ Å†- îª’a.a) You're doing fine; you can do even better: î√™« ¶«í∫’çC, Éçé¬

¢Á’®Ω’í¬_ îËßª’-í∫-©´¤.b) Lovely/ wonderful c) Come on, go ahead. (¶«í∫’çC, é¬Fß˝’)d) Go on! Keep at it! (†’´¤y îËÊÆC ¶«í¬ØË ÖçC. éÌ†-≤ƒ-Tçîª’.)e) That makes me very glad.

f) I wish I could do as well. (ØË†çûª ¶«í¬ îËßª’í∫LTûË áçûª ¶«í∫’çúËC!)

ÉN ¶«í¬ practice îËÊÆh ´’† conversation ™ ¶µ «í∫¢Á’i ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-ßª’èπ◊çú≈ØË correct í¬ ¢√úøû√ç.

É°æ ¤púø ’ at ûÓ ´îË a éÌEo expressions îª÷ü∆l ç.1. At this rate - Ñ Nüµ ¿çí¬ Å®·ûË, Ñ °æJ-Æœ nûª’™x, É™«Íí éÌ†-≤ƒ-TûËa) At this rate, it will take another decade for India to be totally

literate = v°æÆæ’hûª/ Ñ °æJ-Æœnûª’™x/ É°æ¤púø ’ Ñ °æJ-Æœ nûª’™x/ É™«Íí éÌ†-≤ƒTûË, ¶µ «®Ωû˝ °æ ‹Jhí¬ Åéπ~-®√-Ææ uûª §Òçü¿-ö«EéÀ ÉçéÓ °æüË∞¡Ÿx °æúø ’-ûª’çC.decade - úÁÈé-ß˝’ú˛ – °æüË∞¡x é¬©çLiterate = LôJö¸ – Åéπ~-®√-Ææ’uúø ’/ Åéπ~-®√-Ææ ’u-™„j†

b) This is how he studies. If he continues at this rate, I wonder

if he will pass. = ÉD Oúø ’ îªü¿- ôç/ îªC¢Ë B®Ω ’. É™« éÌ†-≤ƒ-TûË,

ÅÆæ©’ pass Å´¤-û√ú≈ ÅØËC Ææ çüË£æ «¢Ë ’.2. Good at, bad at, etc. äéπ N≠æßª’ç™ íÌ°æ p Å®·ûË, good at,

great at, clever at, smart at, etc Åçö«ç.a) Tendulkar is good at bating = ¶«í¬ bat îË≤ƒhúø ’b) She is clever at maths = Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ™„éπ\©’ ¶«í¬ ´îª’a.c) They are great at medicine = ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ¢Á jü¿uç ¶«í¬ ´îª’a/ ¢Á jü¿u

®Ωçí∫ ç™ íÌ°æp¢√®Ω’.bad at - Â°j ¢√öÀéÀ úAÍ®éπç.

a) He is bad at maths = ÅûªúÕéÀ í∫ùÀûªç ®√ü¿’b) They are bad at dancing = ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Ø√ôuç ®√ü¿’.

EXERCISE

Practise as many sentences on the following as possible.

a) The earlier you start, the better.

(†’´¤y áçûª ûª y®Ωí¬ •ßª’-©’-üËJûË Åçûª ´’ç*C)b) The harder you work, the better are your chances of success.

(áçûª éπ≠æ d°æúÕ °æE-îËÊÆh, Nï-ßª÷-´é¬¨»©’ Åçûª ¶«í∫’çö«®·.)

Hei, Congrats.

-v °æ ¨¡ o: I. Teacher won't have their children play in the

Teacher won't let their children play in the ra

Teacher won't get their children to play in th

Â°j ´‚úÕ çöÀéÀ Å®√n©’, ¶µ ‰ü∆©†’ N´Jçîªí∫©®Ω’.II. He will not have me doing any job =

Çßª’† ''Ø√îËûª à °æE îË®·çîªE- yúø ’.——''Çßª’† ††’o à °æE îËÆæ ’-éÓE- yúø ’.—— Ñ È®çúÕ çöÀ™ à

III. O’®Ω ’ äéπJ-îËûª äéπ°æE îË®·çîª’-éÌØË N≠æßª’ç™ make,

Ö°æßÁ ÷-Tçî√®Ω’. Ñ ´‚úÕ çöÀ Ö°æßÁ ÷í∫ ç î√™« í∫ÖçC. Ñ ´‚úÕ çöÀ ´’üµ¿u ¶µ ‰ü∆Eo, à Ææ çü¿-®Ωs¥ ç™ Ö°æÅ®Ωn´’-ßË ’u™« N´Jçîªí∫-©®Ω’.

IV. I will get to know

I will get him to know. Å®Ωn ç, ¶µ‰ü¿ç ûÁ©°æ çúÕ.

– ®Ω N, N’®√u©í∫ ÷úø , †™

ï- ¢√•’:I. Teacher won't have their children play in the rain.

¢Á ·ü¿öÀ N≠æßª’ç: Ééπ\úø 'Teacher' countable singular

ü∆E´·çü¿’, 'A' é¬E 'The' é¬F éπ*aûª çí¬ Öçú≈L. È®çúÓchildren ÅE ÖçC éπü∆– Their Åçõ‰ á´J children

clear í¬ ûÁL-ßª’úø ç™‰ü¿’ é¬•öÀ d the children Åçõ‰ (Ææ çCí∫ l ¥ ç) Öçúøü¿’.

1. The teacher won't have the children play in the

°œ©x©’ ´®Ω ç™ Çúø ’-éÓ´ôç Ç¢Á’-éÀ≠æ d ç™‰ü¿’/ Ç¢Á’ ä°æ ¤p°œ©xLo ´®Ω ç™ Çúø ’-éÓE- yü¿’ ÅE Å®Ωn ç. OöÀ™ àBÆæ’-éÓ´îª’a. Çúø’-éÓE- yü¿’ ÅØË Å®Ωn ç áèπ◊\´ Ææ’p¥J-Ææ ’h

2. The teacher won't let the children play in the

Teacher °œ©xLo ´®Ω ç™ Çúø ’-éÓ´ö«EéÀ Å†’- ’-AÇúø ’-éÓE- yü¿’ ÅE Å®Ωn ç.

3. The teacher won't get the children to play in

DEéÀ èπÿú≈ Å®Ωn ç teacher °œ©xLo ´®Ω ç™ ÇúøE-Å®·ûË É™«çöÀ ¶µ «´ç ûÁ©§ƒ©†’-èπ◊†o-°æ ¤púø ’ get †Tçîª ç.

àüÁ jØ√ á´J-îËûªØÁ jØ√ îË®·çî√®Ω’ ÅØË positive Å®Ωn ç¢√úøû√ç.

II. Çßª’† ††’o à °æF îËÆæ’-éÓE-ýúø ’ = He doesn't let m

work/ He doesn't allow me to do any work. ûÁ©’-í∫'à °æE îË®·çîªE- yúø ’—èπ◊ 'îËÆæ ’éÓEýúø ’—èπ◊ Å®Ωn ç™ î√™« éπ∫ü∆.He will not have me doing any job Åçõ‰ Çßª’†îËÆæ’-éÓE-ýúø ’ ÅØË Å®Ω n ç ®√ü¿’. Ø√îËûª à °æF îË®·çîªúø ’ ´Ææ ’hçC.

III. He makes her clean the room everyday =

Ç¢Á’ îËûª í∫C ¨¡Ÿv¶µ ºç îË®·≤ƒhúø ’.

(Ç¢Á’èπ◊ É≠æ d ç ™‰éπ§Ú-®·Ø√ – Ç¢Á’ É≥ƒdE≥ƒd©ûÓ EN’ûªhçHe has her clean the room everyday = Roo

clean îË®·≤ƒhúø ’ = He makes her clean the room

È®çúø ÷ äéπõ‰.He gets her to clean the room = Ç¢Á’†’ °œL-°œ ç* ro

îË®·çî√úø’. Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ç °æE-îËßª’ôç É≠æ d ç Öçúø îª’a.He got a near by mechanic to repair the fan = F

îË®·çîªö«EéÀ ü¿í∫_®Ω Ö†o mechanic †’ °œL-°œ çîª’-èπ◊Erepair îË®·çî√úø ’.

IV. I will get to know = ØË†’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÌçö«†’/ á™«íÓûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çö«†’/ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC.I will get him to know = ¢√úÕéÀ ûÁL-ÊÆ-ôô’x îË≤ƒh†°æ-®Ω’-≤ƒh†’ (Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬).

Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 254Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù



¨¡E- ¢√®Ωç 6 -ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ Â £j «- ü¿ ®√¶«- ü

Prabhav: What's happened to you all these

days? (You're) not to be seen at all.

(ÉEo ®ÓV©÷ à´’-ßª÷u´¤ †’´¤y?/à¢Á’içC Fèπ◊? – ÉC ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ÅçûªÆæÈ®j† °æ©éπJç°æ ¤ ´÷ôé¬ü¿’. ÅÆæ©’ éπE-°œ çîªúø ç™‰ü¿’)

Vibhav: (I've) been very much here only. I've

been very busy preparing for myCivils.

(Ééπ\úË ÖØ√o†’. ÆœN™¸qèπ◊ ûªßª÷-®Ω- ¤ûª÷BJ-éπ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√o†’. Åçûªéπçõ‰ àç™‰ü¿’.)

Ééπ\úø only,Åçõ‰ the only thing is èπ◊ shortform.

Å®Ωn ç – Åçûªéπçõ‰ àç™‰ü¿’ – ÅE. Civils = Civil

services exams = IAS, IPS ´çöÀ °æK-éπ~©’.

Prabhav: Meeting you, though after a long

time, makes me very happy. Let's

celebrate our meeting. (Would you)

care for some snacks and coffee inany eatery nearby?

(E†’o î√™«é¬©ç ûª®√yûª®·Ø√ éπ©’-Ææ ’-éÓ´ôç Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æ çí¬ ÖçC. ´’† éπ©®·-éπ†’ °æ çúøí¬_ îËÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. ü¿í∫ _®Ω ’†o °∂æ©£æ…®Ω- »-©™ àüÁ jØ√ AE é¬°∂ ‘ û√í∫ôçÉ≠æ d¢Ë ’Ø√?)

celebrate (an occasion) = àüÁ jØ√ Ææ çûÓ≠æéπ®Ω-¢Á’i†Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo ¢Ëúø ’-éπí¬ E®Ω y£œ «çîª’-éÓ´úø ç.

Vibhav: That'd be really nice and I am hungry

too. Let's see where we can find a

good restaurant.

(î√™« ¶«í∫’çC, Ø√èπ◊ ÇéπLí¬ èπÿú≈ÖçC. ´’ç* È®≤ƒdÈ®çö¸ áéπ\úø ÖçüÓîª÷ü∆l ç.)

Prabhav: What'd (What would) you like to eat?

This place is good for poori. Nothingto beat its hot, puffed up poories with

potato curry to go with it.

(àç AØ√-©†’-èπ◊çô’Ø√o´¤? Ñ È®≤ƒdÈ®çö¸™ °æ ‹J î√™« ¶«í∫ ’çô’çC.¢ËúÕí¬, §ÒçT† °æ ‹K©’, ü∆EéÀ Dõ„j†•çí¬∞«ü¿’ç°æ èπÿ®Ωèπ◊ Ææ ÷†ç àD-™‰ü¿’)

Vibhav: Then Let's have it. That's something

after my heart.

(ÅC BÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. ÅC Ø√éÀ≠æ d ç.)After my heart = Ø√éÀ≠æ d¢Á’i çC.something after his heart = ÅûªúÕéÀ É≠æ d¢Á’i çC.

Prabhav: By the way, now that we've met let

me tell you this. Some of us are plan-

ning a trip to Ajanta. Why don't you

join us?

Vibhav: Oh, that's really fine. I am reallydelighted. When is this trip to be?

(î√™« ¶«í∫’çC. Ø√èπ◊ Eïçí¬ Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ ÖçC. á°æ ¤púŒ v°æßª÷ùç?)

Prabhav: The first week of next month.

Angiras is looking after the reserva-

tions and other arrangements.

(´îË a ØÁ© ¢Á ·ü¿-öÀ¢√®Ωç. ÇçU®ΩÆ, reser-

vations, N’í∫û√ ú´£æ …®√©’ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√oúø ’.)

Vibhav: Thank you for the chance of some

nice time.

(Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ í∫úÕÊ° Ææ ’-ßª÷Eo éπLpç*†çü¿’èπ◊ Fèπ◊ ü∑ ∆çé˙q.)

NNüµ ¿ Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úË standard expressions

îª÷Ææ ’hØ√oç éπü∆. éÀ çü¿öÀ lesson ™ ÅGµ†çCçîªö«EéÀ(congratulate) èπ◊, v§Úûª q£œ «çîªö«EéÀ (encourag-

ing) èπ◊ Ææ ç•çCµ ç*† expressions ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.Ñ≤ƒJ ´’†ç äéπJE üËE-ÈéjØ√ °œ©´ö«EéÀ/ Ç£æ …y

Eçîªö«EéÀ, Åçü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æ ç ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰Æœ °œ©’-°æ¤†’Åçü¿’-éÓ´ö«EéÀ ¢√úË expressions ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.

äéπJE °œ©´ö«EéÀ/ Ç£æ …yEçîªö«EéÀ ¢√úË stan-

dard expressions:

Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ îª†’´‹, Ææyûª çvûª ç Ö†o-¢√-∞¡x†’ °œ©´ö«EéÀ, Åçõ‰ ´’†ç informal í¬ ÖçúË

¢√-∞¡x†’ °œL-îË çü¿’èπ◊ (Ç£æ …yEçîË çü¿’èπ◊) ¢√úË expres-sions èπÿ, ´’†ç Åçûª Ææyûª çvûª ç, îª†’´¤ BÆæ ’-éÓ™‰E,´’®√uü¿ ¶«í¬ îª÷§ƒLq† Åçõ‰ formal Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x¢√úË expressions èπÿ î√™« ûËú≈ Öçô’çC. ÅN¢Ë®Ω÷, ÉN ¢Ë®Ω÷. ¢Á ·ü¿ô ´’†ç Ææ yûª çvûª ç BÆæ’-éÓí∫-LT,îª†’- ¤í¬ Ö†o-¢√∞¡x N≠æßª’ç™, Åçõ‰ informal situ-

ation ™ ¢√úË expressions îª÷ü∆l ç.

1. How about/ What about. ÉC î√™« informal

í¬ invite îËßª’-ö«EéÀ ¢√úøû√ç. ’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ îª†’´¤Ö†o¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ¢√úË expressions ÉN.

a) How about joining us for a picnic?´÷ûÓ °œéÀ oé˙Íé´’Ø√o ´≤ƒh¢√?

b) What about (making it to) a dinner tomor-

row?

Í®°æ ¤ úÕ†o®˝èπ◊ ´≤ƒh¢√?/ ®√èπÿúøü¿÷? (ûª°æ p-èπ◊çú≈ ®√ ÅØË Å®Ωn çûÓ. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ÆæÈ®j†Ç£æ …y†ç ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊ úÕ†o®˝èπ◊ ´≤ƒh¢√? Å†çéπü∆. úÕ†o-®˝èπ◊ ®√ ÅØËüË ÆæÈ®j† °œ©’°æ ¤. é¬FEnglish ™ How about (´îËa-ü¿’ç-ü∆/´≤ƒh¢√? Å†ôç) î√™« common.)

2. Why don't you ...? ÉC èπÿú≈ î√™« informal

invitation èπ◊ ¢√úË expression.

a) Why don't you attend my sister's birthday

party coming Friday?

´îË a ¨¡Ÿvéπ¢√®Ω ç ´÷ sister °æ ¤öÀd†-®ÓV party éÀáçü¿’èπ◊ ®√èπÿúøü¿’? (Åçõ‰ '®Ω ’tE— Å®Ωn ç)

b) Why don't you make it for tea tomorrowevening?

Í®°æ ¤ ≤ƒßª’çvûª ç ´÷ Éçöx tea BÆæ’èπ◊ØË çü¿’èπ◊®√.

3. Please ... ÉC éÌClí¬ formal. Åçõ‰ ´’†çÅçûªí¬ îª†’´¤ BÆæ ’-éÓ™‰E úèπ◊h-©ûÓ ú´£æ «JçîËô°æ ¤púø ’, ¢√∞¡x†’ °œL-îË çü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË °æü¿ç.a) Please come home for a party tomorrow

evening.

Í®°æ ¤ ≤ƒßª’çvûª ç ´÷ Éçöx §ƒKdéÀ ®ΩçúÕ/ ®Ω´’tEéÓ®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oç.

b) Please make it to the function. Don't fail.

ûª°æ péπ ®ΩçúÕ function èπ◊.Å™«Íí ´’J-éÌçîÁ ç formal í¬ Ç£æ…yEçîªôç:

4. Would you mind/ Would you care to/

Would you like to ... ?

a) Would you mind attending a small func-tion at the Taj tomorrow?

Í®°æ ¤ Taj Hotel ™ ïJÍí *†o function èπ◊ûª°æ p-éπ®Ω çúÕ.(ÅÆæ-©®Ωnç – ´îËaçü¿’Íé´’Ø√o Å¶µºuç-ûª®ΩçÖçü∆? ÅE.)mind = (´·êuçí¬ question form ™/ not

ûÓ) Å¶µ ºuçûª®Ωç.b) Would you mind telling me your name? =

O’ Ê°®Ω’ îÁ§ƒh®√? (Å¶µ ºuçûª®Ω´÷?)c) (Would you) mind my sitting here? =

ØËE-éπ\úø èπÿ®Óa´î√a? (O’éπ¶µ ºuçûª®Ω´÷?)d) Hope you don't mind my saying this =

ØËF ´÷ô Åçõ‰ O’Íé Å¶µºuçûª®Ω ç ™‰ü¿-†’èπ◊çö«/O’Í®- ’-†’-éÓ®Ω-†’èπ◊çö«.

e) If you don't mind =

O’èπ◊ Å¶µ ºuçûª®Ωç ™‰éπ§ÚûË/O’Í®- ’-†’-éÓéπ§ÚûË

5. Éçé¬ formal invitation - ¶«í¬´’®√uü¿ °æ ‹®Ωyéπ¢Á’i† °œ©’-°æ ¤©’:a) We should/ We'd like to

have the pleasure of your

company/ presence at the meeting

tomorrow =

O’®Ω’ Í®°æ ¤ meeting èπ◊ ûª°æ péπ ®√¢√-©E ´÷éÓJéπ. (ÉC î√™« íı®Ω-´°æ ‹®Ωyéπçí¬ °œ©´ôç –£æ «Ùü∆™/ ´ßª’-Ææ ’q™/ ≤Úh´’-ûª™ ´’†-éπØ√o Â°ü¿l¢√-JE É™« °œ©’≤ƒhç.)

b) We should/ We'd (We would) be highly

delighted if you could attend the func-

tion =

O’®Ω’ function èπ◊ ®√í∫L-TûË ´÷èπ◊ ÅN’-û√-†çü¿ç. ûª°æ p-éπ®Ω çúÕ.

ÉO formal and informal invitations (Ç£æ …yØ√©’ –îª†’- ¤†o¢√∞¡xûÓ/ ™‰E¢√∞¡xûÓ) èπ◊ ¢√úË standard

expressions. ÉN ¶«í¬ practice îËßª’çúÕ.

EXERCISE

Practise the following aloud in English

îµ √ßª ’: ´÷ßª÷, Í®°æ ¤ Ø√ °æ¤öÀ d†-®Óñ‰. ûª°æ p-èπ◊çú≈ ®√.´÷ßª ’: éπ*aûª çí¬ ´≤ƒh. Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’hçC.îµ √ßª ’: O’ Å¢Á’t-éπ\úø? Ç¢Á’†’ èπÿú≈ °œ©¢√-©†’çC.´÷ßª ’: Ééπ\úË ÖçC. îÁ°æ ¤p.îµ √ßª ’: Aunty, (ÉC ÆæÈ®j† English é¬ü¿’.)

O’®Ω ÷´ÊÆh Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æ ç.´÷ßª ’ûªLx: ûª°æ péπ ®√¢√-©ØË ÖçC, é¬E ·êu-¢Á’i† °æE

ÖçC Í®°æ¤. ´÷ßª’ ´Ææ’hçC™‰.îµ √ßª ’: ´÷ßª’ ´÷ ÉçöxØË ®√vAéÀ ÖçúÕ§ÚûË O’Íéç

Å¶µ ºuçûª®Ωç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆?´÷ßª ’ûªLx: Å™«Íí.

ANSWER

Chaya: Tomorrow is my birth day. Do come.Maya: I'll certainly make it. I remembered

your birthday.

Chaya: Where's you mom. I'd like to invite her

too.

Maya: There she is. Tell her.

Chaya: (to Maya's mother) I'd be delighted/

pleased/ happy if you could attend my

birthday party.

Maya's mother: I'd like to, very much, but I've

some work. Maya will be there.

Chaya: (Would you) mind if Maya stays at my

place/ with me for the night?

Maya's mother: It's OK.


Hope you don't mind ..INVITATIONS

Informal Formal

1) How about/

What about

2) Why don't you ...?/

Why can't you ... ?

3) Do come for ...

4) I'd like you to ...

5) We'd like you to ...

1) Would you like to ...

2) We'd like to have

the pleasure of ...

3) Please ...

4) Please do us the

favour of ...

5) We'd like to have

the

6) Would you mind ...?

7) Hope you don't

mind ...

v °æ ¡ o: 1. It was due to his careless, h

Owing to his careless, he

Â°j ¢√é¬u™x due to, owing to Å®Ω nç N2. Hardly did the peon ring the bel

boys left to the class.

Scarcely did the peon ring the

the boys left to the class.

Â°j ¢√é¬u™xE Hardly, Scarcely ÅÖü∆£æ «®Ω-ù©ûÓ N´Jçîª í∫ ©®Ω’.

3. As they entered the house, th

drinking water. ÅÆæ©’ As èπ◊ Å®Ωnçsince éπü∆?Â°j sentence ™ As èπ◊ Å®Ω nç àN’öÀ?¢Ë ÊÆh ¢√éπuç Å®Ωnç ´÷®Ω’-ûª ’çü∆?

4. Thinking is driven by questions.

driven Åçõ‰ Å®Ω n¢Ë ’-N’öÀ ?– á¢Á ’t≤ƒq® ,

ï- ¢√•’: 1. It was due to his careless h

Owing to his careless, he

Â°j È®çúø ’ sentences ™ûª°æ ¤p. carelessness, cor

due to = owing to. È®ç

Åçü¿’- ©x ÅE. Å®·ûË due

tence begin îËßª’ôç ÆæJ®√-Æœ†ô’x It was due to

Åçõ‰ due to ´·çüÁ°æ ¤púø ÷ 'be' form

eg: His failure was (be form) due

ness = he failed owing to his

It was due to ÅE begin îËÊÆh, È®that ûÓ begin Å´¤-ûª’çC.It was due to his careless, he fel

Öçú≈-Lq† B®Ω ’ - It was due to hi

ness, that he failed. È®çúÓ clau

begin Å´ôç í∫ ’-Eçîª çúÕ.2. Hardly did the peon ring the be

boys left the class = Scarcely di

ring the bell when the boys left

No sooner did the peon ring th

the boys left the class = As s

peon rang the bell the boys left

peon (•çvöûª’) í∫ çôéÌöÀ d† ¢Á çôØË´·çüË °œ©x©’ class - C-™‰ »®Ω’. (-O’™ left to the class ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Left f

= class èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x®Ω’. Left the class =

´îËa¨»®Ω’.)Some more examples:

a) Hardly did he buy the tickets

movie began = Scarcely did

tickets when the movie bega

éÌ†o ¢Á çôØË movie v§ƒ®Ωç¶µ º¢Á’i çb) Hardly did the school close w

boys rushed home = schoo

°œ©x©’ É∞¡xèπ◊ °æ®Ω’Èíû√h®Ω’.3. As Åçõ‰ because/ since ÅØË é¬èπ◊

N≠æßª’ç) ïJ-T†-°æ ¤púø ’ ÅØË Å®Ωn ç èπÿa) As he walked along the street,

uncle = ®Óúø ’f ¢Á ç•úÕ †úø ’-Ææ’h-†´÷´’-ßª’u†’ éπL- »úø ’.

b) As they entered the house, t

(ask Ééπ\úø ûª°æ ¤p) for drinking w

ÉçöxéÀ v°æ¢ËP-Ææ÷h/ -v°æ¢ËP-Ææ ’h-†o-°æ ¤p-úøí¬ØË ´’ç*F∞¡xúÕí¬®Ω ’.

4. Thinking is driven by questions:

Driven, drive èπ◊ past participle.

ûÓ©ôç ÅE ûÁ©’Ææ ’ éπü∆. is driven

•-úø ’-ûª’çC ÅE. Å®·ûË drive Åçõ‰ÅØË Å®Ωn çûÓ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. O’ sen

driven éÀ Å®Ωn ç vÊ°Í®-°œ çîª•-úø ’-ûª’çCtence Å®Ωn ç, Ç™-îª† v°æ ¡o©´©x vûª’çC ÅE. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ v°æ††’ vÊ°Í®-°œ≤ƒh-®·/ Í®-Èé-Ah-≤ƒh®· v°æ ¡o©’ ´’†Lo Ç™-*ç°æñ‰≤ƒh®· ÅE



≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 8 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ Â £j «- ü¿ ®√¶«- ü˛

Bhas: The Sabarimala season has started,

hasn't it?

(¨¡•J´’© ßª÷vû√ Ææ´’ßª’ç ´îË aÆœ çC éπü∆?)Vyas: It has of course. But why are you asking?

(Å´¤†’. áçü¿’èπ◊ -Åúø ’í∫ ’ûª’Ø√o´¤?)Bhas: You go there every year. wondering

why you don't have your black clothes

and mala on this year yet.

(v°æA≤ƒK ¢Á∞«h´¤ éπü∆ †’´¤y. Ñ≤ƒJçé¬ †©x•ôd©÷, ´÷™« ¢ËÆæ’éÓ™‰üË çö« ÅE Å†’èπ◊çô’Ø√o†’.)

Vyas: I propose to be on deeksha from this Sat-

urday onwards that's when I will have the

mala on. A few others and I are going,

how about joining us this time?

(Ñ ¨¡E¢√®Ωç †’ç* Déπ~™ Öçö«†’. ´÷©¢ËÆæ ’èπ◊çö«†’. ØË†’ ´’J éÌçü¿®Ω ç ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√oç.

†’´¤y ´≤ƒh¢√?Bhas: That's precisely why I am asking. I'd

like to go with you this time. How are

you going?

(Åçü¿ ’éÓÆæ¢Ë ’ Åúø ’í∫’ûª’Ø√o†’. ØË †’ FûÓ ®√¢√©†’èπ◊çô’Ø√o. á™« ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o´¤?(precisely: v°œÂÆjÆ‘ x– éπ*aûª çí¬ Åçü¿’Íé)

Vyas: As usual. By vanayatra

(´÷´‚©’ Nüµ ¿çí¬ØË ´†ßª ÷vûª îËÆæ’hØ√o†’.¨¡•J´’© ßª÷vAèπ◊©’ ¢Á ·ûª hç ü¿÷®Ω ç †úÕ*¢Á∞¡xôç ´†ßª÷vûª.)

Bhas: What does it mean? (Åçõ‰)Vyas: A long trek of around 45 km up the hill

and down the valley through the jungle,

across fords and burns. Why don't you

join?

(ü∆ü∆°æ ¤ 45 éÀ.O’. †úøéπ– éÌçúø™„éÀ \, ™ßª’™xéÀCT, ¢√í∫’©’ ´çéπ©’ ü∆ô’ûª÷ -¢Á∞«xL. ´÷ûÓáçü¿’èπ◊ ®√èπÿúø øü¿’?)valley- ™ßª’ ford= ¢√í∫’, burn= °œ©x é¬©’´

Bhas: That sounds quite exciting, though

strencious.

(v¨¡´’ûÓ èπÿúÕ†üÁ j†°æ pöÀéÃ Öûª’qéπûª éπLT≤ÚhçC)Vyas: Joining us? (´≤ƒh¢√?)Bhas: Certainly. I am game for it.

(ûª°æ pèπ◊çú≈ ØË†’ Æœü¿l ¥¢Ë ’)Vyas: Here comes our friend Prabhas.

(´’† -N’vûª ’úø ’ -v°æ¶µ «Æ ´Ææ ’hØ√oúø ’)Bhas: Let's ask him if he will come too.

(¢√úø ÷ ´≤ƒhúË¢Á ÷ Åúø ’í∫’ü∆ç)Vyas: We are going on Sabarimala pilgrimage.

How about being one of us?

(¢Ë ’ç ¨¡•J´’© ßª÷vûªèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√oç. ´÷ûÓ´≤ƒh¢√?)

Prabhas: Sorry. Count me out.

(†ØÌoC™‰ßª’çúÕ)Bhas: Come on Prabhas let's enjoy it

together.

(v°æ¶µ «Æˇ Åçü¿®Ωç Ææ®Ωü∆í¬ ¢Á∞Ôü∆l ç)Prabhas: Sorry, cold baths, meal just once a

day and the ritual are not-my cup of

tea

(sorry îªFoöÀ ≤ƒo†ç, äéπ °æ ‹ô ¶µ ï†ç, Éûª®Ω °æ ‹ñ«°æ ¤®Ω≤ƒ\®√©÷, Ø√èπ◊°æúøEN) Not my cup of tea. á°æ ¤úø ÷ not ûÓØË ¢√úø ’û√ç =Ø√èπ◊ †îª aEC. My •ü¿’©’, his, her, your, their, our-

á´JéÀ †îª aEüÁ jûË ü∆Eo•öÀ d ¢√úø îª ’a. conversa-

tion™ ÉC î√™« common expression – not my

cup of tea ÅØËC O’ conversation™ ¢√úø çúÕ. film music is not his cup of tea. He like clas-

sical music.

(Åûªúø ’éÀ film Ææ çUûª ç É≠æ d ç ™‰ü¿’. »Æ‘ Yßª’ Ææ çUûª çÉ≠æ d°æúøû√úø ’)

Vyas: Let's not compel him.

(ÅûªúÕE -´’†ç •©´çûª ç îËßÁ ·ü¿’l™‰).éÀ çü¿öÀ lesson ™ ´’†ç °œ©’°æ ¤†èπ◊ (Ç£æ …yEçîªö«

EéÀ)¢√úË formal and informal expressions îª÷¨»çéπü∆. É°æ ¤púø ’ Ç£æ …yØ√Eo ’Eoçîªö«EéÀ, Æ‘ yéπJçîªö«EéÀ(accepting an invitation) A®ΩÆæ\Jçîªö«EéÀ (reject-

ing an invitation), formal and informal ¢√úËexpressions îª÷ü∆l ç.´’†çü¿JéÃ ûÁLÆœ† informal expression, invitations

accept îËßª’ú≈EéÀ:Thank you very much / thanks for the invitation,

I'll certainly come / I'll be there, and on time (ØË†éπ\úø ’çö«†’ ÅD timeèπ◊ ÆæJí¬) etc.

Ç£æ …yØ√Eo informal í¬ ´’EoçîË / Æ‘ yéπJçîË çü¿ ’èπ◊

´’JéÌEo Éûª®Ω expresions îª÷ü∆l ç..1. Thank you I'd be very much there.

(thank you. ØË†’ ûª°æ péπ Åéπ\úÕéÀ ´≤ƒh†’)2. Certainly, that suits me fine =

(ûª°æ péπ ´≤ƒh†’. Ø√éπC î√™« É≠æ d ç).3. Really? I am there certainly =

(Å´¤Ø√?ØË†’ ûª°æ péπ Öçö«†’/ ´≤ƒh†’).4. Thank you so much / very much. with plea-

sure = Thank you. Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ ´≤ƒh.5. Would I say no?

(é¬ü¿E Åçö«Ø√?)= (ûª°æ péπ ´≤ƒh†E)É™« Ææ çü¿®√s¥EéÀ ûªT† informal expressions à¢Á j Á jØ√¢√úø îª’a. ÉN informal Åçõ‰ ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ îª†’´¤çúË¢√∞¡x Ç£æ …yØ√Eo Æ‘ yéπJçîË Nüµ ∆†ç Éçé¬ informal í¬üµ ¿yEçî√©çõ‰ Ñ éÀ çC -¢√öÀE -îª÷úø çúÕ.

6. You bet I am there = ØË†éπ\úø Öçúøôç/ ®√´ôçEÆæ qçüË£æ «ç.7. I am game for it = ØË†’ Æœü¿ l ¥ ç. I am game for

it Åçõ‰ ¶«í¬ informal.

8. I won't say no, surely (éπ*aûª çí¬ é¬ü¿’ Å††’)ÉO Informal (°œLîË, °œL°œ çîª’èπ◊ØË ¢√∞¡x ´’üµ ¿u Ö†o îª†’´‹, Ææ yûª çvû√Eo •öÀ d) °œ©’°æ ¤†’ - ’Eoçîªö«EéÀ¢√úË ´÷ô©’. É°æ ¤púø ’ Ç£æ …yØ√Eo ´’Eoçîª™‰éπ§Ú´ö«EéÀ ¢√úË ´÷ô©’ îª ÷ü∆l ç.1. Sorry, I can't come / can't make it.

2. How I'd like, very much, but I can't come.

(®√¢√©E áçûª’çüÓ, é¬F ®√™‰†’)3. Wish I could come, but sorry.

(®√¢√©ØË ÖçC é¬F ®√™‰†’)4. What a pity! I've promised to accompany

Nitish to the bike shop. He is buying a bike

(áçûª ü¿’®Ωü¿%≠æ d ç! -EB≠ûÓ Bike shop éÌ≤ƒh†E´÷öÀî√a, -¢√úÓ bike éÌçô’Ø√oúø ’.)

5. Can't we have it on some other occasion?

(ÉçÈé°æ ¤púø®·Ø√ Â°ô’déÓ´îª’a éπü∆)6. No way, old boy. You have to make do with-

out me=

(™«¶µ ºç ™‰ü¿’ /´îË aNüµ ¿çí¬ ™‰ ü¿ ’. ØË®√èπ◊çú≈ØË †’´¤yí∫úÕÊ°Ææ ’éÓ¢√L.)

old boy = ´’† v°œßª’ N’vûª’©†’ Ææ ç¶µ CçîË B®Ω’.7. Not a chance, I'm taking mom to

Hyderabad tomorrow. It's sudden.

(´îË a Å´é¬¨¡¢Ë ’ ™‰ü¿’.Å†’éÓèπ◊çú≈ - ÷ Å´’t†’Â£j «ü¿®√¶«ü˛èπ◊ BÆæ’Èé∞¡ŸhØ√o)

8. Go ahead. I may not be able to attend, after

all=

(à¢Á’iØ√ ØË®√™‰†’. †’´¤y é¬EîË aß˝’)É°æ ¤úø ’ Ç£æ …yØ√EéÀ ¢Á∞¡x™‰éπ§Ú´ôçformal í¬ á™« îÁ§ƒp™ îª÷ü∆l ÷!formal í¬ Åçõ‰ ´’†éπçõ‰ ´ßª’Ææ’™, £æ «Ùü∆™, ≤Ún ’ûª™, Â°ü¿l¢√∞¡Ÿx °œL*†°æ ¤úø ’ Ææ ’Eoûª çí¬ A®ΩÆæ\Jçîªö«EéÀ ¢√úË expressions É°æ ¤úø ’ îª÷ü∆l ç.1) Pridhvi: Mr Varun, please attend as a small

get together tomorrow evening at

my place.

(´÷ Éçöx Í®´¤ ïJÍí *†o party éÀûª°æ péπ®Ω çúÕ)

Varun: So thoughtful of you, Mr Pridhvi to invite

me. Thank you, but you'd excuse me. I

have some important work.

(††’o í∫ ’®Ω ’hçîª’èπ◊E °œL*†çü¿’èπ◊ thanks.

é¬E éπ~N’ç-î√L. Í®°æ¤ Ø√èπ◊ ´·êu-¢Á’i†

°æ†’çC.) Mister ÅE Ææ ç¶Cµ çîªôç formality †’ Ææ÷*

Ææ ’hçC. formal í¬ A®ΩÆæ\JçîË çü¿’èπ◊ éÌEo expressions

a) I'd like to very much, but I can't. Sorry

(®√¢√©E ¶«í¬ éÓJéπí¬ ÖçC é¬E ®√™‰†’)b) You wouldn't mind l may not making it/ com-

ing, would you? I have some work.

(Ø√èπ◊ °æ†’çC. ØË†’ ®√™‰éπ§ÚûË O’Í®´’†’éÓ®Ω’ éπü∆?)c) Santan: We'd be delighted to have you

inau gurate the function.

(Ç function O’®Ω ’ v§ƒ®ΩçGµ çîªúø ç ÷èπ◊ £æ «®Ω ü∆ßª’éπç)Prasad: I'm afraid I won't be able to. However,

thank you for the invitation.

(ØË†’®√™‰†’, Thank you °œL*†çü¿’èπ◊)d) I am sorry I can't. My regrets.

(ØË†’ ®√™‰†E ¶«üµ ¿°æúø ’ûª’Ø√o.)

regret = *çAçîªúø ç.e) It's very kind of you, but I regret I have to dis-

appoint you. = O’ ü¿ßª ’èπ◊ î√™« üµ ¿†u¢√ü∆©’, é¬FN’´’tLo E®√¨¡°æ®Ω aéπ ûª°æ púø ç ™‰ü¿’. (Å®·ûË ûÁ©’í∫ ’™Ñ ´÷ô©’ éÌçûª îµ√çü¿Ææ çí¬ ÅE°œ≤ƒh®· éπü∆?)f) Thank you very much; I'd love to come, but I

have to meet my lawyer exactly the same

time.

(î√™« thanks. ®√¢√©E áçûªí¬ØÓ ÖçC. é¬F ÅüËÆæ ’ßª’ç™ ´÷ lawyer †’ éπ©¢√Lq ÖçC.)

ÅüË î√™« formal í¬ Ç£æ …yØ√Eo ´’Eoçî√®Ω†’éÓçúÕ. Å°æ ¤púø ’ ¢√úË expressions:

a) We'd / I'd be highly delighted

b) That's really, kind of you, thank you, I'll cer-

tainly make it.

c) Thanks for the invitation. You can be sure of

my presence.d) Pleasure will be mine./ It will be my pleasure

to attend the function.

éÌçîÁ ç ñ«ví∫ûª hí¬ OöÀE îªCN í∫ ’Eç* Ææ çü¿®√s¥†’≤ƒ®Ω çí¬ ¢√úÕûË Å¢Ë Å©¢√ô®·§Úû√®·. Practice

îËßª’çúÕ.Exercise:

Practise as many sentences as you can on the

following pattern:

Subject Verb Object Obj complement

a) He swept the room clean

b) She found the door locked

Ééπ\úø object complement Åçõ‰ object †’ í∫ ’Jç*îÁÊ°p´÷ô ÅE.


It is not my cup of tea...

v°æ. Will, Would èπ◊ ûËú≈ àN’-öÀ?I will play cricket

I would play cricket

v°æ. Either come in or go out D-E -Å ®√ -™‰ü∆ -•-ßª’-öÀéÀ §Ú éπü∆?Either of you can go out,

Either way , it is good. Â°j -¢√éπuç™éπü∆ Either Öçõ‰ or Öçú≈L éπü∆Â°j ¢√éπuç -Å®√nEo -N´Jçîªí∫©®Ω’.

v°æ. È®çúø ’ í∫ûª Ææ ç°∂ æ ’-ô†-©’ ï-J-T†°æ ¤p-úø ’ simple past ™ È®çúÓü∆Eo pas

îÁ§ƒp-™«?When I was arrived

the train had left.

Ñ ¢√é¬u-Eo éÀ çC Nüµ ¿çí¬´î√a?When I arrived the s

train was leaving.

áç.áÆˇ .Ç®,ï-¢√-•’:ï. will, would èπ◊ ûËú≈

will É°æ pöÀ †’ç* future †’ ûÁ©’-°æ ¤

Would í∫ûªç †’ç* future †’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤said (í∫ûª ç™ ÅØ√oúø ’) that he

her (í∫ûª ç™ †’ç* future ™ help

Will, Would†’ í∫’Jç*† N’í∫û√ ÅçN´®Ω çí¬ Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ lessons ™îª÷úø çúÕ.

ï. Either... or, Åçõ‰ ÅüÁ jØ√ ÆæÍ®, ÉüÁjÅ®Ω nç.

a) Either of Åçõ‰, È®çúÕ çöÀ™/Éü¿lJ™È®jØ√ Ææ Í®, ÅE. Ñ Å®Ωn çûÓ ¢√úÕ†-°æûª®√yûª or ®√ü¿’. Å™«Íí Either way

°æü¿l ¥ûª’-™x à Nüµ ¿çí¬ Å®·Ø√ Ææ Í®, ÅPrakash: Shall we have chicken o

(Chicken Açü∆´÷, G®√uFPramod: Either way is the same f

(Ø√èπ◊ È®- çúÕ çöÀ™ àüÁjØ√ ä

Â°j j Ææ ç¶µ «≠æù™either

Åçõ‰ È®çöÀ™ÅE Å®Ωn ç é¬•öÀ d, or ®√ü¿’.ÉC îª÷úø çúÕYou can have either an apple or

but not both:

†’- ¤y apple Å®·Ø√ A†’, ´÷N’úÕ °æÈ®çúø ÷ èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’. Ééπ\úø Either... or îª÷ï. a) When I was arrived at the s

Ñ ¶µ «í∫ ç™ was arrived ÆæJ-é¬üarrived Åçõ‰ØË correct.

b) When I arrived at the station, th

left = ØË†’ stationèπ◊ îË Í®-ô°æ ¢ÁRx§Ú®·çC. (correct)

When I arrived at the station, the

leaving =

ØË†’ station îË Í®-°æ p-öÀéÀ, train ¢ÁRx§Ú-ûÓçú≈ correct.

v°æ. a,e,i,o,u ©ûÓ -v§ƒ®Ωç¶µ º´’-ßË ’u - ÷an ÅE N’-í∫û√-¢√-öÀ - ·çü¿’ a Åö«ç. é¬F -ÅC v°æA≤ƒ-K éπÈ®é˙d é¬versity, a Europian éπÈ®é˙d -Åçö«®≤ƒ-üµ ¿uç?

Èé. -Ç-™p¥Ø q®√ï- ¢√-•’: Å,-Ç,-É,-Ñ,Ö,-Ü,- á, -à, -â, -ä, -ãÂ°j ûÁ©’í∫’ - ¡¶«l™x üËE-ûÓØÁjØ√ - v§ƒ®Ω ç¶µ º´© ´·çü¿’ an ¢√-úø çúÕ. N’í∫û√-¢√-öÀ¢√-úø çúÕ. University, Europian Ñ È®ç†’ç* -å -´®Ωèπ◊ -ÖçúË ¨¡¶«l©ûÓ -v§ƒ®Ωç¶µ ºan ®√-ü¿’ a ´Ææ’hçC.

á



•’- üµ ¿- ¢√®Ωç 10 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ Â £j «- ü¿ ®√¶«- ü

Anupam: Who do I see here? Nirupam?

(á´®Ω ÷? E®Ω’-°æ¢˛’?)Nirupam: Are you surprised to see me?

(††’o îª÷úøôç Ç¨¡a®Ωuçí¬ Öçü∆?)Anupam: Sure. I thought you were in Kolkata.

(Eïçí¬. †’´¤y éÓ™¸éπû√™ ÖØ√o-´†’-èπ◊Ø√o.)

Nirupam: I was, but I got back yesterday.(Å´¤†’, ÖØ√o. é¬E E†o AJ-íÌî√a.)

Anupam: How about some coffee? or would

you prefer to eat something before

that?

(é¬Ææh é¬°∂‘ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«¢√? ™‰èπ◊çõ‰´·çü¿’ àüÁ jØ√ Açö«¢√?)

Nirupam: I could certainly do with something

to eat and then coffee.

(é¬Ææ h àüÁ jØ√ AØË çü¿’èπÿ Ç ûª®√yûª cof-

fee é¬¢√L.)Anupam: You'll have them. What'd you like to

have?

(àç BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«´¤?)Nirupam: You talk although we were in a

restaurant, with a variety of eats on

the menu. Get me whatever is avail-

able in the house.

(´’†ç àüÓ restaurant ™ Ö†oô’x, ®Ωéπ®Ω-é¬© °∂ æ©£æ …®√© menu Ö†oô÷x ´÷ö«xúø ’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. Éçöx àü¿’çõ‰ ÅC °ævö«/Açü∆ç.)

≤ƒüµ ∆®Ωùçí¬ Éçöx Åçõ‰ at home Åçö«çéπü∆. In the house Åçõ‰ é¬Ææ h informal í¬Éçöx ÅE. Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ 'éÌç°æ™— Å†oô’x.

Anupam: Just wait for a few more minutes.

You can have idli and karappodi. I

expect a distant relative, an uncle of

mine. Oh, here he is. Good morning

uncle. It's really good to see you

again. How are you?

(äéπ\ éπ~ùç Öçúø ’. ÉúŒ x é¬®Ω-§ÒpúÕ Açü¿’-´¤-í¬E. ü¿÷®Ω°æ¤ îª’ôd ç, ´÷ uncle äé¬ßª’† ´≤ƒh-úøE áü¿’®Ω’ îª÷Ææ’hØ√o. ã,Çßª’† ´îËa-¨»úø’. ´’Sx N’´’tLo îª÷úøôç/ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ÖçC. á™« ÖØ√o®Ω’?)

Uncle: Wonderful to meet you again, boy.

How are things going?

(éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ´ôç Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ ÖçC. á™«ÖØ√o´¤?)

Anupam: Fine. Thank you. By the way this is

my friend Nirupam. Nirupam, this is

my uncle Mr. Sitaram.

Nirupam: How do you do, sir?

Uncle: Fine thank you, how do you do?

Anupam: Would you like to have something,

uncle? I see you are pretty tired.

(àü¿-®·Ø√ BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«®√? ¶«í¬ Å©Æœ§Ú-®·-†-ô’dØ√o®Ω’.)

Uncle: You can say that. I am really tired. I

don't mind having a bite.

(†’ý†o-ô’dí¬ØË Eïçí¬ Å©Æœ§Ú-ßª÷†’.àüÓ Açö«ØË x °ævö«.)

Anupam: Would you care for some coffee too,

uncle?

(é¬°∂ ‘ èπÿú≈ BÆæ ’-èπ◊çö«®√?)Uncle: That suits me fine.

(Ç BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«.)

íı®Ω´ ´’®√u-ü¿©÷, Çî√®Ω ú´£æ …®√© N≠æßª’ç™´’†èπÿ, English ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ î√™« ûËú≈ ÖçC. ÉçöÀéÌ*a†ÅAü∑ ¿’-©†’ Ææûª \JçîË N≠æßª’ç™ ´·êuçí¬ ¢√∞¡xéÀîË a Ç£æ …®Ω §ƒF-ßª÷© N≠æßª’ç™, ¢√∞¡xéπN offer îËßª’-ö«EéÀ ¢√úË formal and informal expressions É°æ ¤púø ’ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.´’†ç ¶«í¬ îª†’´¤í¬ ÖçúË úèπ◊h-©Íé-ü¿-®·Ø√ offerîËÊÆ-ô°æ ¤púø ’ ¢√úË informal expressions èπÿ, ´’†ç Åçûªîª†’´¤ BÆæ ’-éÓ™‰E úèπ◊h-©Íé-ü¿-®·Ø√ offer îËÊÆ-ô°æ ¤púø ’¢√úË formal expressions èπÿ ûËú≈ áèπ◊\´í¬ØËÖçô’çC. Å™«Íí ´’†ç îª†’- ¤ûÓ Öçúøí∫© úèπ◊h©’´’†- Íé-ü¿-®·Ø√ offerîËÆœ†-°æ¤púø’ ´’† Ææ pçü¿-†èπ◊, (infor-

mal response) èπÿ, ´’†-éπçûª Ææ yûªçvûª ç™‰E úèπ◊h©’´’†èπ◊ îËÊÆ offers Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x ´’† Ææ pçü¿-†èπÿ (for-

mal response) î√™« ûËú≈ Öçô’çC.The conversation at the beginning of the les-

son, you can see, begins with expressions we

use when we meet others. Ñ lesson beginning

™Ö†o °æ©éπJç°æ ¤ ´÷ô©†’ ´·çü¿’í¬ îª÷ü∆l ç.

a) Who do I see here? á´®Ω÷? E®Ω’-°æ-¢Ë ’Ø√?(´’†Lo ´÷´‚©’í¬ éπ©É-¢√∞¡Ÿx, î√™«é¬©çûª®√yûª, Å†’-éÓèπ◊çú≈ éπ©´ú≈E-éÌÊÆh ¢√úË ´÷ô.)

É™«çöÀ Ææ çü¿-®Ωs¥ ç™ ¢√úË Éûª®Ω expressions èπÿú≈îª÷ü∆l ç.a) Look who is here: îª÷úø ’ á´®Ìî√a®Ó (Åçõ‰

®√éπ®√éπ ´î√a®ΩE üµ ¿yEçîËô’x. Ééπ\úø look, ´‚úÓúéÀ h ™‰éπ§Ú-®·Ø√ Åçö«ç.)

b) What brings you here? = àçöÀ™« ´î√a´¤?(ÉC Åçûª ´’®√u-ü¿-éπ®Ω-´’-®·† ´÷ô é¬ü¿E éÌçü¿JÅ§Ú£æ «. é¬F É™« Å†-ôç™ ûªÊ°pç™‰ü¿’.)

c) You, ... here? What a surprise! = †’´¤y,Ééπ\ú≈! Ç¨¡a®Ωuçí¬ ÖçüË!

ÉN éÌEo °æ©éπJç°æ ¤ ´÷ô©’.É°æ ¤púø ’ formal, informal offers èπ◊ ¢√úË éÌEo expressions îª÷ü∆l ç.ÉçöÀ éÌ*a† ÅAü∑¿’©’ ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ÆæEo-£œ «ûª ’-©®·ûË ,¢√∞¡xéÀîË a °∂æ©£æ…®Ω §ƒF-ßª ÷© N≠æßª ’ç™ informal í¬ offers:

a) How about/ What about some coffee?

b) Care for some good coffee?

Â°j È®çúÕ çöÀ Å®Ωn ç– é¬Ææ h coffeeBÆæ’-èπ◊çö«¢√/ é¬°∂ ‘... ´’ç*üË ’Ø√o °æ ¤îª’aèπ◊çö«¢√? ÉüË ¶µ«´ç ûÁ©’-í∫’™– é¬°∂ ‘ BÆæ’éÓ ÅE (ûÁ©’-í∫’™, coffee BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«¢√?/ BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«®√? ÅE Åúøí∫úø ç bad man-

ners éπü∆, é¬F English ™ é¬ü¿’.)(a), (b) ™xE informal offers èπ◊ response

(Ææ pçü¿†):coffee °æ ¤îª ’aéÓ¢√-©†’-èπ◊çõ‰ :a) I don't mind (Ø√éπ¶µ ºuçûª®Ωç™‰ü¿’)b) That'd be nice

c) Oh sure. A good cup of coffee is certainly

welcome.

d) I could certainly do with some coffee = Ø√èπ◊é¬°∂ ‘ é¬¢√L. (could do with = want)

e) That's nice of you. (ÅC ´’ç*üË)coffee ´ü¿’l/ Åçõ‰ offer †’ A®Ω-Ææ \-Jç-îª ôç/ ´ü¿l†ôç informal í¬:a) No, thanks/ thank you.

b) I don't feel like it now. Thank you.

(Ø√èπ◊ û√í¬©E-°œ çîªôç ™‰ü¿’– Thank you.)

c) Oh, not now/ perhaps later. (É°æ¤púø ’ ´ü¿’l/ûª®√yûª BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«ØË¢Á ÷. DE ¶µ «´ç– ÅÆæ™Ô-ü¿lE.)

formal offers: Â°ü¿l¢√-∞¡xèπ◊, Åçûª í¬ °æJ-îª ßª ’ç™‰ E¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ àüÁ jØ√ formal í¬ offer îË ÊÆ B®Ω’:a) Would you have/ like/ fancy some coffee? -

ÉC formal offer. (Å®·ûË ûÁ©’-í∫’™ offer îËÊÆ-ô°æ¤púø ’– BÆæ ’-èπ◊çö«®√? – Å†ç éπü∆. BÆæ’-éÓçúÕÅçö«ç.)

b) Would you care for some coffee?

c) Would you mind having/

Would you mind a little cof-

fee?

d) Won't you (Will you not)

have some coffee? (é¬Ææhcoffee BÆæ’-éÓ®√?)

e) Let me have the pleasure of

giving you a cup of coffee.

f) Let me have the pleasure of treating you to

some coffee. (treating (some one) to some-

thing = á´J-ÈéjØ√ àü¿-®·Ø√ É*a Ææûª \Jçîªôç)Â°j ¢√öÀ éÀ Ææ pçü¿†:

a) I don't mind. Thank you.(Å¶µ ºuçûª®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. Thank you.)

b) That'd be fine. Thank you.

c) I'd welcome it. Thank you.

d) So thoughtful of you. Thanks.

(Éûª®Ω ’© Å´Ææ-®√© í∫’Jç* ÆæÈ®j† Ç™-îª†èπ◊ = so

thoughtful of you)

e) That's nice of you, thank you.

f) Oh, sure. A cup of coffee would be welcome.

Thank you.

g) Nothing like it at the moment. Thank you.

(É°æ ¤p-úø çûªéπçõ‰ ´’ç*C-™‰ü¿’. Thank you.)

(Å®·ûË ´’† Ææ ÷-ïç™ Çî√®Ω ú´£æ …®Ωç v°æé¬®Ωç,á´Jçöx Å®·Ø√ coffee offer îËÊÆh, Â°j† Å†oô’x'Å´¤†’, û√í∫’û√†’— Å†™‰ ç éπü∆. ´’†èπ◊ û√í¬©EÖØ√o èπÿú≈, ´ü¿lØË Åçö«ç.)

ã offer †’ formal í¬ A®Ω-Ææ \Jçîªôç/ ´ü¿l†ôç:

a) No please. Thanks.

b) Right now, no. Thank you just the same.

(Just the same = Å®·†-°æ p-öÀéÃ)

c) Hope you don't mind my saying no. Thank

you, any way =

ØË†’ ´ü¿l†oçü¿’èπ◊ O’Í®ç Å†’-éÓ®Ω’ éπü∆. Thank

you.

d) Not now/ perhaps later, please.

(É°æ ¤púø ’ é¬ü¿’-™„ çúÕ/ ûª®√yûª îª÷ü∆l ç.)

e) Sorry. I don't feel like it. Thank you.

(Sorry. û√í¬©E-°œçîªúø ç™‰ü¿’. Thank you.)

ÉO formal/ informal offers, ¢√öÀéÀ responses.

éÀ çü¿öÀ lesson (No. 256) exercise™ É*a† sen-

tence pattern èπ◊ †´‚Ø√ sentence ©’:

Sub Verb Object Complement

1) I like my coffee hot

2) He kicked the door open

3) They elected him captain of the team

4) She wants it done immediately

5) I want the house painted.

EXERCISE

Speak aloud as many sentences as you

can, on the following pattern.

It 'be' form complement subject

(infinitive)

a) It is easy to do that

(ÅC îËßª’ôç Ææ’©¶µ ºç)

b) It was difficult to carry it.

(ü∆Eo ¢Á ÷ßª’ôç éπ≠æ d ç Å®·uçC.)

Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 257Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù

What brings you here?

Q. Why present tense always come a

- R. Murali Mohan, Hyderab

A. Did is an auxiliary/ a helping

words like come, take, etc com

as in the verb, for example,

(=came) did go (=went), did ta

etc. are all in the past tense, be

is a helping verb, used to form

forms of verbs mostly with not an

tions. Since did itself is past ten

only the basic form of the verb a

come, go, etc.

Q. Instead of, Rather than, Ap

Being. Ñ °æü∆© í∫ ’Jç-* N -Jç

- Chandu Surapaneni Chouda

A. i) Instead of = In place of.

a) He wrote with a pencil instea

pen = He used a pencil and n

b) He likes coffee better than tea,

coffee = He took coffee in pla

He took coffee inste

c) He gave him gold

money (•ü¿’©’)ii) Rather than = W

expression when

pare two things

kinds. It also

'instead of'.

a) Rather than go by bus, he w

distance = He walked the

instead of going by bus.

b) I'd rather not see movies than

movies = I like not to see mov

of seeing such movies.

iii) Apart from (i) = in addition t

eg: Apart from stealing his m

beat him = They not onl

money, but also beat him

b) Apart from the house, he b

furniture = He bought nohouse but also new furnitu

Apart from (ii) = except for

a) Apart from the opening

rest of the movie is very g

opening scene alone isn't

rest of the movie is good.

b) Apart from the youngest so

are married = All the othe

married, the youngest

unmarried.

iv) Being = (Most often, bein

meaning of because)

a) Being rich, he can buy

Because he is rich, he can

b) Being weak, she can't p

Because she is weak, she ca

Q. ''How long will you be in Hyd

''How long will you be at Hy

Which one is correct?

- Sasa

A. How long will you be in Hyderab

rect. 'In' is used before big and

places, and at only before smal

In Hyderabad, In Chennai, In Lo

At Mangalagiri, at pattanecheru

towns and villages)

I was at college = I was in the

was at college', is used more t

in the college'. 'I was in colleg

being accepted in modern usag

–



¨¡Ÿ- v éπ ¢√®Ωç 12 - ï-†- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ Â £j «-ü¿ ®√¶«- ü

Kundan: Oh, you've come, I am happy. What did

you do about that parcel to Naveen?

He must be expecting it by now.

(†’¢Ìyî√a´¤, Ææ çûÓ≠æ ç. Naveen èπ◊°æ ç§ƒ-Lq† parcel N≠æßª’ç àç îË¨»´¤?ü∆E-éÓÆæ ç Åûª†’ áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’hçö«úø ’.)

Jeevan: Oh, I'm terribly sorry. I clean forgot it.

But there is still time. Don't worry.

(ÅßÁ÷u, ü∆E N≠æßª’ç °æ ‹Jhí¬ ’®Ω-*§Úßª÷.é¬F Éçé¬ time ÖçC™‰. ¶«üµ ¿-°æúøèπ◊.)

Kundan: How much time? Just half an hour.

(áçûª’çC time? Å®Ωí∫ çõ‰ éπü∆.)Jeevan: That's true. I must hurry or the Post

office will close. Can you lend me

your bike?

(ûª y®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«L. ™‰éπ§ÚûË Post office

´‚ÊÆ≤ƒh®Ω’. F bike é¬Ææ h É≤ƒh¢√?)Kundan: Why do you need it?

(FÈéçü¿’èπ◊bike?)

Jeevan: I must rush home, pick up the books,

parcel them, hurry to the post office

and book it.

(ÉçöÀéÀ ûª y®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«xL, Ç books BÆæ’-éÓ¢√L, ¢√öÀE parcel îËßª÷L, Post office

èπ◊ BÆæ’ÈéRx book îËßª÷L éπü∆.)Kundan: Oh sure, have it. (ÆæÍ®, BÆæ’-Èé∞¡Ÿ.)Jeevan: Can I have some money too?

(é¬Ææ h úø•’s èπÿú≈ É≤ƒh¢√?)Kundan: I don't have more than Rs.10 on me.

Let's see if my cousin Nandan can

help. Oh, who do we see here? Oh

it's Nandan. Think of the devil and he

is there.

(Ø√ ü¿í∫ _®Ω °æC ®Ω÷§ƒ-ßª’© éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´™‰ü¿’. ´÷ cousin Nandan à´’Ø√o Éý

í∫-©-úË¢Á÷ îª÷ü∆lç. Åü¿’íÓ, Ééπ\úËÖØ√oúø ’.)

Think of the devil and he is there =

á´®ΩØ√o Å†’-èπ◊†oüË ûªúø ¤ v°æûª u-éπ~- ’-®·ûËÉ™« Åçö«®Ω ’. Å®·ûË ÉN ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ÆæEo-£œ «ûª çí¬ ÖçúË¢√-∞¡xO’ü¿ ´÷vûª¢Ë ’ ¢ËÊÆ joke.

Devil Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆? Christian

†´’t-éπç™ üË ¤úÕ ¨¡vûª’´¤. îÁúø ’èπ◊ v°æA®Ω ÷°æ ç.Jeevan: Hi Nandan, good to see you again.

Kundan: Will you help us with a little dough?

You shall have it back this evening.

(´÷é¬\Ææh úø•’s ≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh¢√?≤ƒßª’çvû√-E-éπ™«x AJ-TîË a≤ƒhç.)

Dough = úˆ = úø•’s ÅØË Å®Ωn çûÓ ¢√úË ´÷ô– ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Â°jÆæ©’/ °œéπ\©’/ é¬Ææ ’©’ ™«í¬.Dough Åçõ‰ ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωn ç îª§ƒ-B©èπ◊,

°æ ‹K-©èπ◊ ¢√úË éπL-°œ† ¢Á’ûª höÀ °œ çúÕ ´·ü¿l.Nandan: You sure can have it. How much?

Jeevan: Atleast Rs. 200/-.

Nandan: Here it is, but would you give it back

this evening? I need it.

Kundan: As soon as I am home, I will pay it to you.

Jeevan: We're short of time. Let me have your bike.

(Time ûªèπ◊\´í¬ ÖçC. F bike É´¤y.)Kundan: Rush then. (ûª y®Ωí¬ °æü¿ Å®·ûË)Nandan: Jeevan, on your way back, could you

get me a recharge card for my cell?

(†’´¤y AJ-íÌîË a ü∆J™ Ø√ cell èπ◊ ãrecharge card °æô’dèπ◊®√¢√?)

Jeevan: I'll certainly.

Look at the following sentences from the

conversation above.

a) Jeevan: Can you lend me your bike?

(F bike É≤ƒh¢√?) – Request - Å¶µºu®Ωn†.b) Jeevan: Can I have some money too?

(Ø√èπ◊ é¬Ææh úø•’s èπÿú≈ É≤ƒh¢√?) – Request -

Å¶µ ºu®Ωn†.c) Will you help me with a little dough?)

(é¬Ææh úø•’s ≤ƒßª’çîË≤ƒh¢√?) – Request - Å¶µ ºuJn çîªôç.

d) Nandan: Would you give it back this

evening?

(Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç Ø√èπ◊ AJ-T-îËa-≤ƒh¢√?) –Request - Å¶µºu®Ωn†.e) Nandan: Could you get me a recharge card?

- Request - Å¶µ ºu®Ωn†.Â°j sentences ÅEoçöÀ™ request (Å¶µ ºu®Ωn†)èπ◊

¢√úË expressions ÖØ√o®· éπü∆. ´’† conversa-

tion in real life situation ™ request îËßª’ôç î√™«ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ï®Ω ’-í∫’-ûª’çô’çC.

Å™« request îËÊÆ-ô°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË expressions

É°æ ¤púø ’ îª÷ü∆l ç. Requests ™ èπÿú≈ Informal

requests

èπ◊ ¢√úËexpressions

èπÿ,formal

requests èπ◊ ¢√úË expressions èπÿ ûËú≈ Öçô’çC.Informal requests: OöÀéÀ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ can

¢√úøû√ç. ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ °æJ-îªßª’ç Ö†o-¢√-∞¡x†’, ´’†çîª†’´¤ BÆæ’-éÓí∫L-T†-¢√-∞¡x†’, ´’† friends, brothers

and sisters †’ request îËÊÆ-ô°æ ¤púø ’ can ¢√úøû√ç.

a) Can you lend me your bike?

F bike é¬Ææ h É≤ƒh¢√?

(É´¤y, please ÅE.)

b) Can I have some money?

é¬Ææh úø•’s Ææ®Ω’l -û√¢√? (Informal)

éÌçîÁ ç formal Å®·ûË will ¢√úøû√ç. ´’†-éπçõ‰éÌçîÁ ç Â°ü¿l¢√-∞¡x†’, Åçûªí¬ °æJ-îªßª’ç ™‰E-¢√-∞¡x†÷request îËÊÆ-ô°æ ¤púø ’ will, won't (will not) use

îË≤ƒhç. Éçü∆éπ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆– Kundan, Nandan †’

request îËßª’-ö«EéÀéπ à´’Ø√oúø ’?Will you help me with a little dough?

Ééπ\úø will, can éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ ≤ƒEo-£œ «û√uEo Ææ÷*≤ÚhçC.

Won't you (will you not) come along with

me? O’®Ω’ Ø√ûÓ ®√®√? (®ΩçúÕ – ÅE request)

Would èπÿú≈ requests èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. ÉC formal

situations ™ ´÷vûª¢Ë ’. Åçõ‰ ´’†ç request

îËÆæ’h-†oC ´’†-éπçõ‰ ´ßª’-Ææ’q™, £æ«Ùü∆™,≤Ún ’ûª™ Â°ü¿l¢√-∞¡®·ûË, ´’†èπ◊ °æ ‹Jhí¬ éÌûª h-¢√-∞¡x®·ûË would ¢√úøû√ç.

a) Would you make room, please? = é¬Ææh ûª°æ ¤p-èπ◊çö«®√?

b) Would you lend me that book for a day?=

äéπ\®ÓV Ç °æ ¤Ææ héπç Ø√èπ◊ É≤ƒh®√?(formal &

polite request)

Å®·ûË ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ would you ûÓ mind îËJa ¢√úøû√ç formal requests èπ◊.

a) Would you mind waiting for a few minutes?

= é¬Ææ h wait îËßª’-í∫©®√? ÉC î√™« formal and

polite form of request.

´’†èπ◊ ÅÆæ©’ °æJ-îªßª’ç ™‰E-¢√-∞¡x†’, £æ «Ùü∆, ≤Ún ’ûª™Â°ü¿l¢√-∞¡x†’ î√™« ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ request îËÊÆ Nüµ ¿ç.Éçé¬ îª÷úø çúÕ.

b) Would you mind telling me your name?

O’ Ê°®Ω ’ îÁ•’-û√®√? (ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ îÁ°æ pçúÕ ÅE)

c) Would you mind my using your phone?

O’ phone ¢√úø ’-éÓE-≤ƒh®√?

´·êu í∫ ’Eéπ: Mind ûª®√yûªnoun é¬E, -ing

form é¬E ®√¢√L.d) Would you mind idli with

chutney or would you insist

on sambar? - mind ûª®√yûª'idli' noun éπü∆.

e) Would you mind having idli as puri is not

ready?

°æ ‹J Éçé¬ ûªßª÷-®Ω- ™‰ü¿’, ÉúŒ x BÆæ’ -èπ◊çö«®√?formality Åô’ç*, ÅEoçöÀéπçõ‰ Åûª uçûª ´’®√u-ü¿-éπ®Ω-¢Á’i† request èπ◊ could ¢√úøû√ç.a) Could you carry this for me?

DEo O’®Ω’ ¢Á ÷≤ƒh®√? (ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ ¢Á ÷ßª’çúÕ)b) Could you (Please) tell me how to go to the

Eenadu office?

ÑØ√úø ’ office èπ◊ ü∆J îÁ•’-û√®√? (ü¿ßª’-îËÆœîÁ°æ pçúÕ)

c) Could you help me with some money?

úø•’s ≤ƒßª’çîË≤ƒh®√? (ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ éÌçûª úøGsýçúÕ)

Ñ requests ÅFo èπÿú≈ question forms ™Öçúøôç í∫ ’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’.

Please note: Hi, hello, Ê°®Ω’ûÓ (Mr, Mrs, Miss

™«çöÀN ™‰èπ◊çú≈) äéπJE °æ©éπJçîªôç ¢√∞¡xûÓ ´’†-èπ◊†o ≤ƒEo-£œ «û√uEo ûÁ©’-°æ ¤-û√®·. Å°æ ¤púø ’ ¢√∞¡xûÓ´’†ç informal í¬ Öçö«ç Å†o-´÷ô.

Mr, Mrs, Miss ™«çöÀN Sri, Sir ™«çöÀN ¢√öÀ†-°æ ¤púø ’´’†èπ◊ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Åçûª®Ωç Öçü¿-†o- ÷ô. Å°æ ¤púø ’ we are

formal/ very formal with them. ü∆Eo-•öÀ d ´’†request form ´÷®Ω ’ûª÷ Öçô’çC.

Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 258Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù

Could you carry this for me?

Q. In what situations should

"say" and "tell"?

- A. Krishna Suman

A. Say and tell are more or le

same, but there is a lot of diff

the way we use them. The dis very important.

Say is always followed by t

the person to whom somethin

eg: He said to me, she sai

etc.

Tell is never immediately follow

You say some thing to some

say some thing. We use say,

repeat some one's words. S

'Go away'.

Tell always is followed by a p

its object. She told him to/

him that ... etc.

Say can be use

mentioning the p

whom some thing

a) He says that he i

b) Kumar said to m

would go with me

Tell is always followed by th

to whom something is said.

Suseela often tells me that

Vijayawada.

Say is often used to repeat t

of someone.

a) Ramana said, "I am hung

b) Ramana said that he was

'Tell' express commands; 'sa

n't.

The officer told him to get o

'Say' is never followed by the

(to go, to come, etc).

He told me to go.

He said that I should go.

(observe the difference)

Q. What are correct in below an

suggestions if any.

a. 1. With how many frien

have stayed there?

2. How many friends are

there with you?

3. Any friends there with y

b. 1. How would I contact yo

2. How can I contact you?

- Santh

A. The correct forms of your quesa. 1) How many friends ha

stayed with there?

2) How many friends hav

with you?

b. 1) How would I contact you?

This, as an independent se

wrong. The correct form is:

How shall I contact you? (M

How do I get in touch with y

2) How can I contact you =

possible for me to contac

–

EXERCISE

Practise the following aloud in English

Sanjai: Nïß˝’, Ñ chapter Ø√éπ®Ωn ç é¬™‰ü¿’.

ã≤ƒJ explain îËßª’¢√?Vijai: Ø√èπÿ Å®Ωn çé¬-™‰ü¿’. ´’† professor

Ééπ\úË ÖØ√o®Ω ’. Çßª’†’o Åúø ’-í∫’ü∆ç.

Sanjai: Sir, ´÷éÃ chapter Å®Ωn ç é¬™‰ü¿’. O’®Ω ’é¬Ææ h explain îË≤ƒh®√?

Prof.: ûª°æ p-èπ◊çú≈. O’®Ω’ ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ ≤ƒßª’çvûª ç®√í∫-©®√? É°æ ¤púø ’ ØË†’ busy í¬ÖØ√o†’.

Sanjai: ÉçÍé-ü¿-®·Ø√ time Éýí∫©®√? Ñ≤ƒßª’çvûª ç ´÷èπ◊ class ÖçC.

Prof.: Sunday ®ΩçúÕ.

ANSWER

Sanjai: Hi Vijai, I haven't understood this

chapter. Can you explain it to me.

Vijai: I haven't understood it either. Ourprofessor is here. Let's ask him.

Sanjai: Sir, we haven't understood this

chapter. Could you explain it, Sir?/

Would you mind explaining it?

Prof.: Certainly/ Certainly not. (Could/

Would you mind †’ •öÀ d.) Can you

come to my place this evening? I am

busy now.

Sanjai: Could you please suggest some

other time? We have a class this

evening.

Prof.: Make it on Sunday, then.

R



Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 14 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ Â£j «- ü¿®√¶«-ü

Kalpana: Is that your progress card? Let me

see it. Let me know how well you've

fared in the exams?

(ÅüËØ√ F progress card? àD îª÷úøF.°æK-éπ~™x áçûª ¶«í¬ ®√¨»¢Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓF.)

Avinash: Here it is, mom.

Kalpana: Oh Avinash, what kind of marks is

this?

(ÅNØ√≠, àç marks ÉN?)Avinash: Aren't they good, mom? I didn't get

less than 70% in any subject.

ÅN ´’ç* marks é¬ü∆? à subject ™èπÿú≈ 70% èπ◊ ûªí∫ _™‰ü¿’.)

Kalpana: I am not at all pleased with these

marks, boy. Who gets the first mark

in your class?(Ñ marks Ø√éπÆæ©’ Ææ çûÓ≠æ ç éπL-Tçîªôç™‰ü¿’. O’ class ™ first mark á´JéÀ?)

Avinash: What's wrong with those marks,

mom? You are never happy with my

marks even when they are quite

high.

(Ç marks èπ◊ à´’-®·çC? áçûÁèπ◊\´marks ´*aØ√ F¢Á°æ ¤púø ÷ Ææ çûÓ≠æ°æúø ¤.)

Kalpana: You get on my nerves Avi. You call

these good marks? 94% in maths,

86% in English, 78% in Telugu, 82%

in Science, 75% each in History and

Geography. No, Avi, you should have

scored even higher. Who gets the

first in your class? Tell me that first.

(ÅO, Ø√éÓ\°æ ç ûÁ°œ p-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤. ÉN ´’ç*marks Åçö«¢√? Maths 94%, etc, ...

ÅO, ™«¶µºç™‰ü¿’. †’´¤y Éçé¬ áèπ◊\´marks ûÁîª’aéÓ†’çú≈LqçC. O’ class ™first á´®Ω ’? Ç N≠æßª’ç ´·çü¿’ îÁ°æ ¤p.)

Avinash: Pratibha.

Kalpana: You couldn't score higher than the

girl. What a shame!

(†’´¤y Ç Å´÷t®· éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ûÁîª’aéÓ™‰éπ§Ú-ßª÷´¤. Æœí∫’_îËô’.)

Kamesh: Come on Kalpana, our son has

scored good enough marks. Why

compare? Why are you so envious?

(´’†-¶«s®· ´’ç* marks ûÁîª’aèπ◊Ø√oúø ’éπü∆. ÉçéÌéπJûÓ §ÚL-Èéçü¿’èπ◊? áçü¿’-éπçûª

Ñ®Ω u Fèπ◊?)(envious = Ñ®Ω u (envy) éπ©)

Kalpana: I want our boy to stand first in the

class. Is that wrong?

(´’†¶«s®· class ™ ¢Á ·ü¿-öÀ¢√úø ’í¬Öçú≈©E Ø√ éÓJéπ. ÅC ûª§ƒp?)

Kamesh: Look here. Expecting our son to get

very good marks is not wrong, but

comparison is always bad. You

always compare. I am none too

happy about it.

(-îª÷-úø ’. - ’-†-¶«s®· -áèπ◊\- -´÷®Ω’\-©’ -ûÁîª’aéÓ¢√-©E ÇPçîªúø ç ûª°æ ¤pí¬ü¿’, é¬F -§Ú-Léπ -á°æ¤p-úø ÷ - ’ç*Cé¬ü¿’. -F-¢Á°æ ¤p-úø ÷ §Ú-Léπ -ûÁÆæ’hçö«´¤. -ÅC -Ø√èπ◊ -†-îª aü¿’.)

Kalpana: What's wrong with that?

(Åçü¿’™ ûªÊ°p- ·çC?)Kamesh: I am not in the least pleased,

Kalpana. Why do you put so much

pressure on the boy. A few marks

less- does it matter much?

(Ø√éπÆæ©’ Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ ™‰ü¿’, éπ©pØ√. áçü¿’-éπçûª äAhúÕ ûÁ≤ƒh¢√ èπ◊v®√úÕ O’ü¿? à¢ÓéÌEo marks ûªí¬_®·– ÅüË ’çûª Ææ ’Ææ u?)

Kalpana: This kind of talk is what I like least.

You don't expect the boy to perform

better if you talk like this.

(É™«çöÀ ´÷ô™‰ Ø√éπÆæL-≠æ d ç™‰ü¿’. O’Í®É™« ´÷ö«x-úÕûË ¢√úÕ çûª-éπçõ‰ ¢Á’®Ω ’í¬_ àçîË≤ƒhúø ’.)

Kamesh: Marks are not all. So long as he

doesn't score low we need not worry.

Let him relax.

(´÷®Ω’\™‰ ´·êuç-é¬´¤. ´’K ûªèπ◊\´marks ûÁîª’aéÓ†çûª´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ¶«üµ ¿-°æúø†-

éπ\®Ω-™‰ü¿’. ¢√úÕE é¬Ææ h Ü°œJ BÆæ’-éÓF.)Kalpana: Ok, Ok. I only want our son to do bet-

ter. That's all.

(Ææ Í®xçúÕ. ´’†-¢√-úÕ çé¬ ¶«í¬ îËßª÷-©E Ø√éÓJéπ. ÅçûË.)

Look at the following sentences from the

conversation above.

1) Kalpana: I am (I'm) not at all pleased.

2) Kalpana: You get on my nerves, Avi.

3) Kamesh : I'm none too happy about it.

4) Kamesh : I'm not in the least pleased.

5) Kalpana: This kind of talk is what I like

least.

í∫ ’-Eçî√®Ω’ éπü∆: Â°j sentences ÅFo èπÿú≈Ææ çûÓ≠æ°æúøéπ§Ú-´ö«Eo ûÁL-Ê°Ní¬ ÖØ√o®·. Â°j† ¢√úÕ

†- Fo ´’†èπ◊ Ææ çûÓ≠æç, ûª %°œ h éπL-TçîªE Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x¢√úË ´÷´‚©’ expressions. Éçûª´®Ω-èπ◊ NNüµ ¿Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úË standard expressions îª÷¨»çéπü∆. ¢√öÀûÓ§ƒõ‰ ÉO.1. I am not at all pleased =

Ø√éπÆæ©’ Ææ çûÓ≠æçí¬™‰ü¿’/ Ø√Íéçûª %°œ h ™‰ü¿’i) I am not at all pleased with his words =

ÅûªE ´÷ô©’ Ø√éπÆæ©’ Ææ çûÓ≠æçí¬ ™‰ ¤.ii) The spectators were not at all pleased

with the way he played =

Åûª†’ ÇúÕ† B®Ω’ vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©èπ◊ ÅÆæ©’ †îª a™‰ü¿’.2. You get on my nerves =

†’´¤y Ø√éÓ\°æ ç ûÁ°œ p-Ææ ’h-Ø√o´¤/ ††’o NÆœTÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤.i) The way he behaves gets on my nerves =

¢√úÕ v°æ ®Ωh† Ø√éÓ\°æ ç ûÁ°œ p-Ææ’hçC/ ††’o NÆœTÆæ ’hçC/ *é¬èπ◊°æ-®Ω’-Ææ’hçC.

ii) He manages not to get on anybody'snerves =

Åûª†’ á´JéÃ éÓ°æ ç éπL-Tçîªèπ◊çú≈ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊çö«úø ’.iii) Let me not see him here again. He gets

on my nerves =

´’Sx ¢√úÕE †Eo-éπ\úø îª÷úøE- yèπ◊. ¢√úø çõ‰ Ø√èπ◊*é¬èπ◊.

3. I'm (I am) none too happy about it- None

too happy about - ÉC î√™« Bv´´’-®·†ÅÆæ çûª %°œhE ûÁLßª’-ñ‰Ææ’hçC.i) We are none too happy about the Indian

team's performance in South Africa.

South Africa ™ ¶µ «®Ωû˝ ïô’d v°æü¿-®Ωz† °æôx´’†ç Bv´´’-®·† ÅÆæ çûª %°œhûÓ ÖØ√oç/ ÅÆæ©’¶«í¬™‰ü¿’.

ii) The way he talked made

us none too happy = Åûª†’´÷ö«xúÕ† Nüµ ¿ç ´’†èπ◊ î√™«ÅÆæ ç-ûª %-°œ hí¬ ÖçC. (Ææ çûÓ-≠æ çí¬ ™‰ü¿’)

4. Not in the least pleased =

ÅÆæ©’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ™‰ü¿’.Bv´´’-®·† ÅÆæ çûª %-°œ hí¬ ÖçC.i) The teacher was not in the least pleased

with his marks =

ÅûªúÕ marks teacher èπ◊ àO’ Ææ çûÓ≠æ ç éπL-Tçîª™‰ü¿’. (Teacher ÅûªE ´÷®Ω’\© °æôx î√™«ÅÆæçûª %-°œ hûÓ ÖØ√oúø ’.)

ii) Babu: How do you find the arrange-

ments?

(à®√p-õ„ x™« ÖØ√o®·?)Balu: I'm not in the least pleased.

(àç ûª %°œ h-éπ®Ωçí¬ ™‰ ¤)

iii) The CM is not in the least pleased with

the remarks of the Minister for Sports and

Youth activities.

(véÃú≈-´’çvA ¢√uêu-©-°æôx´·êu- ’çvA î√™« -ÅÆæ çûª %°œ hí¬ ÖØ√o®Ω’.)5. What I like least =

D†®Ω n ç èπÿú≈ Ø√éπÆæ©’-°æúøü¿E.i) What I like least is the way he talks =

Åûªúø ’ ´÷ö«xúË B®Ω’ Ø√éπÆæ©’-†-îª aü¿’.ii) Chandra: He went to a movie last night. =

(Åûª†’ E†o ÆœE- ÷-Èé-∞«xúø ’.)Surya: That's what I like least about

him, his going to movies too

often.

(ÅüË Ø√èπ◊ ¢√úÕ™ †îªaEC. ´’Káèπ◊\´ ÆœE- ÷©’ îª÷≤ƒhúø ’ ¢√úø ’.)

ÉO ´’† ÅÆæ çûª %-°œ hE, †îª aE N≠æßª÷Lo, éÓ°æ ç ûÁ°œ pçîËN≠æßª÷Lo ûÁLÊ° standard expressions. î√™«´÷ô©èπ◊ Ñ expressions ™ not ´*a ü∆E ûª®√yûªsuperlative degree ®√´ôç O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË

Öçö«®Ω’. ÉC English ™ î√™« common. ´’†èπ◊éÓ°æ ç ûÁ°œpçîË Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’ real life situations ™áèπ◊\´í¬ØË Öçö«®· éπü∆. Å™«çô°æ ¤púø ’ Â°j expres-

sions ´’†èπ◊ î√™« Ö°æßÁ ÷-í∫°æúøû√®·.

Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 259Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù

I'm not at all pleased

v °æ ¡ o: éÀçC v°æ ¡ o-© π ◊ Å®√nEo N´-Jç-îª

1. He is a teacher, is he?

2. He is not a teacher, isn't he?

(explain the same way question

ment tags.)

3. Scarcely had the game startedbegan to rain.

4. No sooner had he heard the new

started off.

5. Hardly had I finished the work

picture started.

6. Barely had I gone there when he

7. I can wait unless and until he co

8. We can't wipe out this evil unles

the individual thinks so.

9. They were asked to maintain

failing which action would be

against them. ( How do we use t

'failing' which?)

10. Which words do we use inste

words 'eve teasers'?

–

K. Rama Krishn

ï- ¢√- •’:1. Åûª†’ Ö§ƒ-üµ ∆u-ßª ·úø ’ éπü∆? (Is he?

2. Åûª†’ Ö§ƒ-üµ ∆u-ßª ·úø ’ é¬ü¿’, éπü∆?Å®·ûË áèπ◊\´ Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x, He is a/

a teacher Å†o-°æ´îË a question ta

Öçúøôç, ™‰éπ§Ústatement part

not Öçúøôç, ™‰•öÀ d Öçô’çC.He is a teach

not ™‰ü¿’), é¬•ö dteacher, isn

(Question tag

´Ææ’hçC).

He is not a teacher (Ééπ\úø not ÖHe is not a teacher, is he? (Ques

not ™‰ü¿’)Sentences 3, 4, 5, 6 - OôEo- çöÀéÃ Å®Ωn Å®·, Å´èπ◊çú≈ØË/ ¢ÁçôØË ÅE.3. Çô ¢Á ·ü¿-©®‚, Å´éπ´·çüË ´®Ω

Å®·çC. (Çô ¢Á ·ü¿-©®·† ¢Á çôØË).4. ÅûªØ√ ¢√®Ωh NF N†-èπ◊çú≈ØË, (N†o 5. Åûª†’ °æE °æ‹JhîËÆœ îËßª’-èπ◊ç-ú≈

¢Á çôØË)....6. ØË†-éπ\úÕéÀ ¢ÁSx, ¢Á∞¡xéπ´·çüË (¢ÁRx† ¢Á ç7. DE-éπ®Ωn ç ™‰ü¿’. O’®Ω ’ ®√Æœ† v°æé¬®Ω

Åûª†’ ´ÊÆh ûª°æ p, ´îËaçûª ®Ωèπÿ é¬îª’- What's the idea? (I can't wait

Å®Ωn ç ´Ææ’hçC)8. ´uéÀh Å™« Ç™-*ÊÆh ûª°æ p, Ç™-*ç

(unless=

ûª°æ p,until=

´®Ωèπ◊) Ñ îÁ´÷-°æ™‰ç. (Å®·ûË modern English

unless and until Åçûªí¬ Ç¢Á ÷-ü¿-ßÁ÷Unless é¬F until é¬F ¢√úÕûË î√©’)

9. Failing which = ™‰éπ§Ú-ûË/ Å™« ÅC ï®Ω-éπ\§ÚûË. °æJ- ¡Ÿ-v¶µ ºûª §ƒöÀ çî√îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. (ÉC ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’–Ö†oC Ö†oô’x Å†’- CÊÆh ¢√∞¡ŸxÅ™« îËßª’-éπ§ÚûË (= failing which

îª®Ωu BÆæ’éÓ¢√-Lq -´Ææ ’hçC.10. Eve teasers Å†o ´÷ô corre

é¬ü¿’. English ™ Ñ expres

Teasing Girls ÅØË Åçö«®Ω’. Eve

´’†ç ¢√úË Å®Ωn çûÓ, English ™ ûÁLÆœ ™‰ü¿’.

- M.

EXERCISE

Practise aloud the following in English

Ritish: †’´¤y ´’Sx Ç©Ææ uçí¬ ´î√a¢˛. Ñ N≠æßª’ç™ †’´¤y Ø√Èé-°æ ¤púø ÷ éÓ°æ ç éπL-T≤ƒh´¤.

Dheeraj: Traffic jam ™ É®Ω ’-èπ◊\-§Ú-ßª÷†’. àçîËßª’-´’çö«¢˛?

Ritish: ´’Sx ÅüË ÷ô. éÌçîÁ ç ´·çü¿’í¬ •ßª’-©’-üË®Ω- îª’aéπü∆?

Dheeraj: †’´¤y ´÷ö«xúË B®Ω’ Ø√éπÆæ©’ †îª aôç

™‰ü¿’. ØË†’ é¬¢√-©E Ç©Ææ uç é¬™‰ü¿’éπü∆. Ñ≤ƒ-J-ô’- çöÀ Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ ç ®√èπ◊çú≈îª÷≤ƒhØË x.

ANSWER

Ritish: You are late again. You get on my

nerves in this matter.

Dheeraj: I was caught in a traffic jam. What

do you want me to do?/ What

could I do?

Ritish: The same thing again. You could

have started earlier.

Dheeraj: I am none too happy about the

way you talk. I am not late inten-

tionally. I'll see that this isn't

repeated. R



í∫’®Ω ’- ¢√®Ωç 18 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ Â £j «ü¿ ®√¶«ü

Tushar: Hi Dhaval, you appear very excited.

(†’´¤y î√™« Ö-ûª’qéπûªûÓ Ö†oô’x éπE-°œÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤.)

Dhaval: That I am, and there is reason for it.

(Å´¤†’. Åçü¿’èπ◊ é¬®Ωùç ÖçC.)Tushar: What could it be? (à¢Á’i ÖçúÌîª’a?)

Dhaval: I am contesting the MLC elections.(ØË†’ ¨»Ææ-†-´’ç-úøL áEo-éπ-©èπ◊ §ÚöÃîËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’.)

Tushar: Wish you all luck. But I'd like to know

how you got the idea.

(Fèπ◊ Ñ Ç™-îª† á™« ´*açüÓ ûÁ©’-Ææ ’-éÓ¢√-©E ÖçC.)

Dhaval: (I) got it on my own. I wish to become

a minister too.

(Ø√Íé ´*açDÇ™-îª†. ´’çvA èπÿú≈ é¬¢√-©ØËC Ø√ éÓJéπ.)

Tushar: Best of luck again.

(Åü¿%≠æ d ç E†’o ´Jçî√-©ØË Ø√ éÓJéπ.)Dhaval: Thank you. What do you think of my

decision?

(Ø√ Ç™-îª† í∫ ’Jç* F ÅGµv§ƒßª’ç?)Tushar: Well, what can I say? (àçîÁ°æ p-í∫©†’?)Dhaval: Just what do you feel about it? Is it a

good decision?

(ÅÆæ©’ ü∆E í∫ ’Jç* F ÅGµv§ƒßª’¢Ë ’çöÀ?´’ç* E®Ω gßª’-¢Ë ’Ø√?)

Tushar: I'm afraid I can't say anything at this

stage. Are you really serious about it?

(Ñ ü¿¨¡™ ØËØË ç îÁ°æ p-™‰†’. Ñ N≠æßª’ç†’´¤y Bv´çí¬ØË Å†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o¢√? )

Dhaval: I am serious, of course. I've already

told a number of people about and

have done a bit of planning too.

(Ñ N≠æßª’ç™ ØË†’ í∫öÀ dí¬ØË ÖØ√o†’.É°æ p-öÀ Íé î√™«´’çCéÀ ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰ »†’. éÌçûªv°æù«Réπ èπÿú≈ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îËÆæ ’-èπ◊Ø√o†’.)

Tushar: Then what's the big idea in asking my

opinion now?

(Åçû√ E®Ω g®·çîª’-èπ◊Ø√oéπ Ø√ ÅGµv§ƒßª’çÅúøí∫ôç™ àN’-öÀ ÖüË l ¡ç?)

Dhaval: Just for the sake of it. Come on. Out

with your opinion.

(ÜJ- Íé™‰. F ÅGµv§ƒßª’ç îÁ°æ ¤p.)Tushar: Well, much might be said on both

sides.

(´’ç< îÁúø ÷ È®çúø÷ ÖØ√o®· = äéπ ®Ωéπçí¬´’ç*üË, ÉçéÓ®Ω-éπçí¬ îÁúø ÷†’.)

Dhaval: Why can't you be definite, Tushar?

(éπ*aûªçí¬ îÁ°æ p-èπÿúøü∆, ûª’≥ƒ®˝?)Tushar: As elections go these days, we can't

be definite whether contesting them is

good or bad.

(É°æ ¤úø ’ áEo-éπ©’ ï®Ω ’-í∫’-ûª’†o B®Ω’-†’-•öÀ dîª÷ÊÆh, ¢√öÀ™x §ÚöÃ îËßª’ôç ÆæÈ®j†ü∆, é¬ü∆ÅE éπ*aûª çí¬ îÁ°æ p™‰ ç.)

Dhaval: What do you think are my chances of

success?

(Ø√ Nï-ßª÷- é¬¨»© í∫’Jç* †’¢Ë y´’-†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o´¤?)

Tushar: It depends...

(î√™« ¢√öÀO’ü¿ Çüµ ∆®Ω°æúÕ Öçô’çC.)

Dhaval: I know what you mean. You are unwill-

ing to express an opinion on because

we are close. You are not being plain;

I can see that.

(F Å®Ωn ç Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ ’. ´’†ç ¶«í¬ ÆæEo-£œ «ûªçí¬ Öçúøôç´©x F ÅGµv§ƒßª’ç îÁ°æ p-ö«EéÀN´·êçí¬ ÖØ√o´¤. †’´¤y Ö†o-ü¿’-†oô’x îÁ°æ p-ôç™‰ü¿’. ÅC ØË†®Ωn ç îËÆæ ’-éÓí∫©†’.)

Tushar: I am not so sure I know much about

these matters.

(Ñ N≠æßª÷©’ Ø√éπçûª ¶«í¬ ûÁL-ßª’´¤.)Dhaval: As an MLC I want to do something for

the people.

(MLC í¬ v°æï-©Íé-ü¿Ø√o îËßª÷-©E ÖçC.)Tushar: These words show you are on the way

to being a politician. You have my sup-

port. Go ahead. Wish you good luck.

(†’´¤y ®√ï-éÃßª’- Ø√-ßª’èπ◊úÕ ßË ’u ¶«ô™ØËÖØ√o- E Ñ ´÷ô©’ ûÁ©’-°æ ¤-ûª’-Ø√o®·. Fèπ◊Ø√ ´’ü¿lûª’çô’çC. é¬E-ß˝’. í∫’ú -©é˙!)

Let's look at the following exchanges

between Tushar and Dhaval in the conver-

sation above.

1) Dhaval: What do you think of my decision?

(Ø√ E®Ωgßª’ç í∫’Jç* †’¢Ë y´’-†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o´¤?)Tushar: Well, what can I say? (àç îÁ°æ pí∫©†’?)

2) Dhaval: Just What do you feel about it? Is it

a good decision? (ÅÆæ©’ ü∆E í∫’Jç* F ÅGµv§ƒßª’ç àN’öÀ? ´’ç* E®Ωgßª’-¢Ë ’Ø√?)Tushar: I'm afraid I can't say anything at this

stage. (Ñ ü¿¨¡™ ØËØË ç îÁ°æ p-™‰†’.)3) Tushar: Well much might be said on both

sides (È®çúø ’ ¢Á j°æ ¤™« îÁ°æ p- îª’a.)4) Tushar: As elections go these days we can't

be definite... (áEo-éπ© -B®Ω ’-†’ -•-öÀ d Ñ ®ÓV™x´’-†¢Ë ’ç îÁ°æ p™‰ ç éπ*aûª çí¬)

5) Tushar: It depends...

(îÁ°æ p™‰ ç. î√™« ¢√öÀO’ü¿ Çüµ ∆®Ω-°æúÕ Öçô’çC.)6) Tushar: I'm not so sure I know much about

these matters.

(Ñ N≠æßª÷©’ Ø√éπçûª ûÁ©’-Ææ’-†E Ø√èπ◊ †´’téπç™‰ü¿’.)

ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆?ûª’≥ƒ®˝ ÅGµv§ƒßª÷Lo ûÁ©’-Ææ ’-éÓ¢√-©Eüµ¿´∞¸ v°æßª’ûª oç îËÊÆh, ûª’≥ƒ®˝ ûª† ÅGµv§ƒßª÷Lo éπ*a ûª çí¬ ûÁßª’-ñ‰ßª’-úø ç™‰ü¿E. Real life situations ™´’†ç ´’† ÅGµv§ƒßª÷Lo éπ*aûª çí¬ Éö, Åö ûËLa îÁ°æ p-™‰E Ææ çü¿-®√s¥©’ î√™« Öçö«®·. Å™«çô°æ ¤púø ’´’† ÅGµv§ƒßª’ç éπ*aûª çí¬ ûÁ©°æèπ◊çú≈ ÖçúË çü¿’èπ◊¢√úË expressions ÉO:1) What can I say? (àç îÁ°æ p-í∫©†’?) = ØËØË ç îÁ°æ p-

™‰†’. Åô÷ îÁ°æ p-™‰†’, Éô÷ îÁ°æ p-™‰†’ ÅE.a) You want my opinion after you've taken the

decision. What can I say?

†’´¤y E®Ωgßª’ç BÆæ’-èπ◊†o ûª®√yûª Ø√ ÅGµv§ƒßª’çîÁ°æ p- ’çõ‰ àç îÁ°æ p-í∫©†’?

b) What can I say?/ What do you want me to

say? = àç îÁ°æ p-†’?/ àç îÁ°æp- ’çö«´¤? (Now

that you've decided, I can only say that it's

good = †’´¤y E®Ωgßª’ç BÊÆ-Ææ’èπ◊Ø√o´¤ é¬•öÀ d, ØË†’îÁ°æp-í∫L-Tçü¿™«x ÅC ´’ç*ü¿ØË).

2) I'm afraid I can't say anything at this stage =

Ñ ü¿¨¡™ (Éçûª ®Ωèπ◊ ´*a† ûª®√yûª) ØËØË çîÁ°æ p-™‰†’. (Ø√ ÅGµv§ƒßª’ç É°æ ¤púø ’ îÁ°æpôç Ø√éÀ≠æ d ç™‰ü¿’.)

a) You're getting into action. I can't say any-

thing at this stage= †’´¤y (F E®Ωgßª÷Eo) Çîª®Ωù™ Â°ôd¶-ûª’-†o-°æ ¤úø ’ ØËØË ç îÁ°æ p-™‰†’ éπü∆. (ØË†’é¬ü¿çõ‰ †’´¤y F E®Ω g-ßª÷Eo ÷®Ω’aéÓ´¤ éπü∆? ÅE)

b) You've decided. What's there for me to say?

†’´¤y E®Ωg®·çîª’-èπ◊Ø√o´¤. ØË†’ îÁÊ°p-üË ·çCéπ?

3) Well, much might be said on

both sides. ÉC ´’†-èπ◊ É•sçCéπL-TçîË Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x •ßª’-ô°æúË çü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøü¿í∫ _ expression. ´uA Í®-é¬Gµv§ƒßª’çûÓ Ö†o Éü¿lJ™á´Ko ØÌ°œ pçîªèπ◊çú≈ ÖçúË çü¿’èπ◊É™« ÅØÌîª’a.

a) Bharat: Privatisation is the best solution to

all our problems. (´’† Ææ ’-Ææ u-©EoçöÀéÃ Åûª’u-ûª h´’ °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç wÂ°j¢ËöÃéπ®Ωù.Sharat: Not always, my dear friend. We can't

leave everything in private hands.What do

you say, Sampath?(ÅEo Nüµ∆™«é¬ü¿’. v°æAD private ßª÷ï- ÷-Ø√u-©èπ◊ ´C-™‰ßª’™‰ ç. †’¢Ë y´’çö«´¤, Ææ ç°æû˝?)Sampath: Uh,... much might be said on both

the sides. (È®çúø ’ -¢Á j°æ ¤™« îÁ§Òpîª’a.)b) Prasanth: The team is better off without

Ganguly (í∫çí∫÷L ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ØË team ¶«í∫’çô’çC).

Prasanna: It will not be in the interests of the

team. (Team èπ◊ ÅC ´’ç*C é¬ü¿’). What do

you feel, Prakash?

(†’¢Ë y´’-†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o´¤, v°æé¬¨¸?)Prakash: Much might be said on both the

sides. (È®çúø ’ -Nüµ ∆™« îÁ§Òpîª’a.)5) It depends... = ´’†ç ÉûªN’ü¿l ¥çí¬ ´’† ÅGµv§ƒ

ßª÷Eo -ûÁL-ßª’°æ®Ω-îª™‰†°æ ¤p-úø ’, Eïçí¬ äéπ ÅGµv§ƒßª÷Eo ûÁL-ßª’°æ®Ω-îª™‰†°æ ¤p-úø’, äéπ °æJ-Æœ nAE ÆæJí¬_ÅçîªØ√ ¢Ëßª’-™‰†°æ ¤púø ’, Ñ ´÷ô, 'It depends...'

Åçö«ç. ÉC English ™ î√™« common

expression. Åçõ‰ äéπ °æ®Ωu- ≤ƒ†ç î√™«¢√öÀO’ü¿Çüµ ∆®Ω°æúÕ Öçô’çC ÅE Å®Ωn ç.

a) Kumar: Will he make it to the finals?

(Åûª†’ finals èπ◊ îË®Ω ’-èπ◊çö«úø ç-ö«¢√?)Kavya: It depends..

(î√™«¢√öÀ O’ü¿ Çüµ ∆®Ω-°æúÕ Öçô’çC)b) Jagan: Are you sure Srikar and Tej will

come? (Tej, Srikar ´≤ƒh-®ΩE †´’téπç Öçü∆?)

Ratna: It depends (îÁ°æ p™‰ ç)6) I'm not so sure I know much about these

matters =

Ø√èπ◊ -Ñ N≠æßª÷©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-†-E †´’téπç ™‰ü¿’.

Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 260Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù

It depends...

v°æ ¡o:

Can I know the meaning of

GRAMMAR'?

- Krishna Vyas, Chenn

-ï- ¢√- •’:'Lexical' means, connected

words in a language / dealing

words in a language. eg. Lexica

Words & phrases in a language

Grammar, as you know, deals

rules of construction of sentenc

correct use and placement of w

So, you see, lexical, and gramm

different things. Lexical gram

such, doesn't have any specific

We can't be sure of the mean

phrase, lexical grammar, unless

the context in which it is used.

v°æ ¡o:

1. How do we use the following s

els in conversation. Do give Telu

lations also.

be at loss to, be supposed to, be

be bound to, be liable to, be opt

the point of, be due to.

2. How do we use the following ph

Will be able to, may be able to, s

able to, would be able to, migh

to, would have been able to 3. What is English translation

ûÁ TçC.—

- K. Rama Krishna

-ï- ¢√- •’:

1. Ç semi models ÅEo-çöÀ™ èπÿú≈ '

à 'be' form Å®·Ø√ (am, is are

could be, etc) ¢√úø îª’a– time

(tense) †’ •öÀd.2. He will be able to do it

= Åûªúø ’ îËßª’-í∫©’í∫’û√úø ’ (future)

He may be able to do it

= Åûªúø ’ îËßª’-í∫©í∫ îª’a (presen

He should be able to buy a car;

Åûªúø ’ üµ¿E-èπ◊úË.Car

éÌ†-í∫L-T ÖçHe would be able to do it.

Åûªúø’ éÌ†-í∫-©’í∫’û√úø’. (í∫ûª¶µ ºN≠æ u-ûª’h†’ v°æ≤ƒh-Nç*†-°æ ¤púø ’)

Be able to= îËßª’-í∫L-T Öçúøôç. Â°j®Ω÷§ƒç-ûª®√™‰.

He would have been able to do

= îËßª’-í∫L-T ÖçúË¢√úË é¬F îËßª’3. English ™ ´’†ç ¢√úË îÁ°æ ¤p-™«x çöÀ

(foot ware) èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô ™‰shoes ¢√úø ’-û√®Ω’, ™‰éπ§ÚûË slipp

ûÁí∫ ¤. ÅJT§Úû√®·. ü∆EéÀ ´÷ôÅJT§Ú®· *E-TûË, snap/ break.

- M.

EXERCISE

Practise the following aloud in English.

Ææçïß ’: †’-¢Ìy≤ƒh¢√ ´÷ûÓ picnic èπ◊?Nïß ’: Í®°æ ¤ °æJ-ÆœnAE •-öÀ d Öçô’çC.Ææçïß ’: Å´’-®√- AéÀ ¢Á∞«l ’-†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√oç. ÅC

´’ç* picnic spot éπü∆?Nïß ’: ØËØË ’çûª îÁ°æ p-™‰†’. ü∆E í∫’-Jç* -Ø√èπ◊ -

Åç-ûªí¬ -ûÁ-L-ßª’-ü¿’.Ñ picnic éπçõ‰Åçü¿®Ωç éπLÆœ àüÁ jØ√ ´’ç* Ü®Ω ’¢Á∞Ôxîª’a éπü∆?

Ææçïß ’: ü∆E N≠æßª’ç Åçûª í∫öÀ dí¬ îÁ°æ p™‰†’ ØË†’.

Nïß ’: ´’Sx ≤ƒßª’çvûª ç éπ©’ü∆l ç. Å°æ¤púø’ E®Ωg®·çîª’-èπ◊çü∆ç.

ANSWER

Sanjai: Will you join us for the picnic?

Vijay: Depends (on tomorrow's situation)

Sanjai: We're planning to go to Amaravathi.

Isn't it a good picnic spot?

Vijay: I can't say much about it. I am not

sure I know much about it. We can

go to some city instead of to

Amaravathi.

Sanjai: It's difficult to say anything definite

about it.

Vijay: We meet again this evening. Let's

decide then. R



¨¡E-¢√®Ωç 20 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ Â£j «- ü¿®√¶«-ü

Sundar & Sankar: Good morning, sir.

Murthy: Good morning, friends. I have some

special news for you. In a few days

from now, by the coming Monday the

23rd Jan, to be precise, our company

will have completed 24 years of suc-

cessful business, thanks to efficient

managers and executives like you.

(O’éÓ N¨Ï≠æ ç îÁ§ƒpL. O’™«çöÀ Ææ ’-®Ω’n™„ j†¢Ë ’ØËï®Ω’x, é¬®Ωu-E-®√y£æ «èπ◊© ´©x ´’† éπçÂ°FÉçéÌCl ®ÓV™x, Åçõ‰ éπ*aûª çí¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰´îË a ≤Ú´’-¢√®Ω ç, 23 ï†-´JéÀ, 24 à∞¡x Nï-ßª’-´çûª¢Á’i† ¢√u§ƒ-®√Eo °æ ‹Jh îËÆæ’-èπ◊çô’çC.)

precise = éπ*aûª¢Á’i†; executives = éπçÂ°F™x,éπçÂ°F Nüµ∆Ø√-©†’ (policy) Å´’©’îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx.

Sundar: We understand sir. We are entering

the silver jubilee year the coming

Monday.

(Å®Ωn¢Á’i çC Ææ®˝, ´îË a ≤Ú´’-¢√®Ωç ´’†éπçÂ°F ®Ωï-ûÓûª q´ Ææç´ûª q®Ω ç™éÀ v°æ¢ËPçîª¶-ûª’çC.)

Murthy: Exactly. We have certainly had a suc-

cessful innings so far. The credit goes

to you. Congratulations.

(´’† ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç É°æ p-öÀ ®Ωèπÿ Nï-ßª’- çûª çí¬≤ƒTç-ü¿E éπ*a-ûªçí¬ îÁ°æp-´îª’a. ü∆EéÀN’´’tLo ¢Á’îª’aéÓ¢√L. Ø√ ÅGµ†çü¿-†©’.)

Sankar: You are behind it sir. Please accept

our congratulations sir.

(ü∆EéÀ é¬®Ωùç O’®Ω’ Ææ®˝. ´÷ ÅGµ†çü¿-†©’ Æ‘ yéπJçîª çúÕ.)

Sundar: I suggest that we celebrate the silver

jubilee in a fitting manner.

(ÆæÈ®j† KA™ ´’†ç Ñ ®Ωï-ûÓûª q¢√Eo E®Ωy

£œ «çî√L/ E®Ωy£œ «çîª’-éÓ¢√-©E Ø√ Ææ÷îª†)Murthy: Certainly. What are your suggestions?

(ûª°æ p-èπ◊çú≈. O’ Ææ ÷îª†™‰N’öÀ?)Sundar: Let's give it wide publicity '25 years in

the service of our customers, ...'

things like that in the media, sir.

(''ë«û√-ü∆®Ω’© ÊÆ´™ §ƒAÍé∞¡Ÿx..—— ™«çöÀv°æéπô†-©ûÓ ´’ç* v°æî√®Ω ç Éü∆l ç.)

Sankar: We could observe the whole year as

the silver jubilee year with special cel-

ebrations for a week ending on the

23rd Jan 2008.

(¢Á ·ûª hç àú≈ü¿çû√ ®Ωï- ûÓûª q´ Ææ ç´ûª q®Ωçí¬E®Ωy£œ «ç*, Jan 23, 2008ûÓ Åçûª ’ßË ’uNüµ ¿çí¬ äéπ ¢√®Ωç§ƒô’ v°æûË uéπ Öûª q¢√©’E®Ωy£œ «çîª îª’a)

observe = §ƒöÀ çîªôç.Sundar: I suppose we can give some special

bonus to the employees, sir.

(Æœ•sçCéÀ v°æûË uéπ ¶†Æˇ èπÿú≈ É¢Ìyîª aEØË†-†’-èπ◊çô’Ø√o.)

Murthy: What's your suggestion, Sankar?

(F ÅGµv§ƒßª’¢Ë ’N’öÀ ¨¡çéπ®˝?)Sankar: How much bonus do you want to

announce, sir?

(áçûª ¶†Æˇ É¢√y-©†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o®Ω’?)Murthy: Let's discuss it with our finance man-

ager Sekhar.

(´’†ç ÅC ´’† Â°∂ jØ√Ø˛q ¢Ë ’ØËï®˝ ¨Ïê®˝ûÓîªJaü∆l ç.)How are our finances, Sekhar?

(´’† ÇJnéπ °æJ-Æœ nA á™« ÖçC ¨Ïê®˝?)

Sekhar: Our profits for the preceding six

months will allow a minimum bonus of

Rs.2500 per employee.

(í∫ûª Ç®Ω’ ØÁ©© ™«¶µ «©†’-•öÀ d äéÓ\ÖüÓu-TéÀ éπFÆæç È®çúø ’-¢Ë© Å®·üÌçü¿©¶†Æˇ ÉîË a O©’çC.)

preceding = v°œÆ‘úÕ çí˚ = í∫úø*†.Sundar: Er... wouldn't it be better if we gave

them Rs.2000/- in cash and a gift

worth Rs.500?

(äéÌ\-éπ\-JéÀ 2000 ®Ω ÷§ƒ-ßª’© †í∫ü¿÷, 500®Ω÷§ƒ-ßª’© N©’´îËÊÆ é¬†’éπ ÉÊÆh Åçûªéπçõ‰ ¶«í∫’çô’çC éπü∆?)

Er...ûÁ©’-í∫ ’™ àüÁ jØ√ îÁÊ°p- ·çü¿’, Ç.. Åçö«çéπü∆– Å™«Sankar: We might as well give each employee

a 2 gm gold coin and silver cup worth

around Rs.500/-.

(´’†ç ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ã È®çúø ’ ví¬´·© •çí¬®Ω’-Ø√-ù„ ç, ®Ω ÷.500 N©’´ îËÊÆ ¢Á çúÕ éπ°èπÿú≈ Éýîª’a.)

Murthy: This appears to be a better sugges-

tion. The gold coin could have the

company's name, logo and the words

silver jubilee (1984-2008) embossed

on them.

(Ñ Ææ÷îª† ÅEoç-öÀ-éπØ√o ¶«í∫’çC.•çí¬®Ω’ Ø√ù„ ç, ¢Á çúÕ éπ° O’ü¿ ´’†éπçÂ°F Ê°®Ω’, *£æ«oç, silver jubilee

(1984-2008) Å†o ´÷ô©’, Ö¶„ sûª’hí¬´·vCçîª îª’a.)

logo= *£æ«oç; emboss= Ö¶„ sûª’hí¬ ´·vCçîªôçX inscribe = îÁéπ\ôç. ´÷´‚©’í¬ Ø√ù«© O’ü¿´‚úø ’ Æœ ç£æ …©’ emboss îËÆæ’çö«®· éπü∆?

Ñ lesson ™ ´’†ç suggestions (Ææ ÷îª†©’) Éýö«EéÀ ¢√úË standard expressions îª÷ü∆l ç.Suggestion -pronunciation= Ææï- ¡aØ˛. ï ØÌéÀ \°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Suggestion èπÿ, advice èπÿ ûËú≈ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆? Advice (Ææ©£æ …) Åçõ‰ äéπ N≠æßª÷Eo

á™« îËßª÷™ í∫öÀdí¬ ÉîË a Ç™-îª†. Suggestion(Ææ ÷îª†) Åçõ‰ Ç™-îª† äéπöÀ Ææ÷*ç* ü∆EE §ƒöÀ çî√®√ ™‰ü∆ Å†o N≠æßª÷Eo Â°ü¿lí¬ °æöÀd çîª’-éÓéπ§Ú-´ôç. Suggestion, advice éπçõ‰ Ææ’Eo-ûªçí¬Öçô’çC.a) É™« îÁ®·u †’´¤y - Advice.

b) É™« îËÊÆh ¶«í∫’çô’çüË¢Á ÷ – Suggestion.

Study the following sentences from the

conversation above:

a) I suggest that we celebrate the silver jubilee

in a fitting manner.

b) Let's give it wide publicity.

c) We could observe the whole year as the sil-

ver jubilee year.

d) I suppose we can give some special bonus.

e) Let's discuss it with our finance manager.

f) Wouldn't it be better if we gave them Rs.2000 in cash and a gift worth Rs. 500/-.

g) We might as well give each employee ...

Suggestions ™ èπÿú≈ formal suggestions

(´’†-éπçõ‰ àüÓNüµ ¿çí¬ Â°ü¿l¢√-∞¡xéÀîË a Ææ ÷îª†-©’)èπ◊¢√úË expressions èπÿ, informal suggestions

(´’†ç ¶«í¬ îª†’´¤ BÆæ’-éÓí∫LÍí ¢√∞¡xéÀîË a Ææ÷îª†-©)èπ◊¢√úË expressions èπÿ î√™« ûËú≈ Öçô’çC.Â°j† É*a† expressions ™ î√™«´’-ô’èπ◊ informal

expressions. ÅN:1) Let's give it wide publicity = ¶«í¬ v°æî√®Ωç

îËü∆l ç.Let's (let us) - ÉC informal. ÉçéÌEo informal

expressions.

2) We could observe ... = Silver jubilee Ææç´ûª q®Ωçí¬ §ƒöÀ çîª îª’a/ §ƒöÀ çîª’ü∆ç.

3) Let's discuss it = îªJaü∆l ç.4) We might as well give each

employee a gold coin = v°æAÖüÓu-TéÀ ã •çí¬-®Ω’-Ø√ù„çÉ¢Ìyîª’a.a) Let's ..., b) We could/ You

could, c) We might as well,

É´Fo informal expressions, Ææ÷îª†-L- yö«EéÀ.ÉçéÌEo informal expressions:

1) What about/ how about

Ram: It is already 10.15. The train is at

10.30. I'm afraid we may miss it.

(É°æ p-öÀ Íé 10.15 Å®·çC. Train 10.30 éÀ. MissÅ´¤-û√-¢Ë ’¢Á ÷ ÅE-°œ≤ÚhçC).Syam: How about/ What about taking a

taxi? (ö«uéÃ q BÆæ’èπ◊çü∆´÷?/ö«uéÃ q™ ¢Á∞¡ü∆´÷?)2) See if you can.

eg: See if you can work for a longer time

every day to earn some extra money.

(Éçé¬Ææ h áèπ◊\´ Ææ ç§ƒ-Cçîªö«EéÀ Éçé¬Ææ h áèπ◊\´ÊÆ°æ ¤°æE-îËßª’-í∫©¢Ë¢Á ÷ îª÷úø ’. °æE îÁ®·u ÅE Ææ ÷*çîªôç)

3) Why don't you?eg: Why don't you buy the car? It appears to

be good.

(Ç é¬®Ω’ ¶«í∫ ’-†o-ô’d çC. éÌ†-èπÿúøü¿÷? éÌØ√-©EÆæ÷îª†).

É°æ ¤púø ’ formal suggestions èπ◊ ¢√úË expressions:

1) May I suggest ...?

eg: May I suggest that a bonus of 20% be

declared?

20 ¨»ûª ç ¶†Æˇ v°æéπöÀ çîª ’E Ææ÷*çîª î√a?=Ææ÷*Ææ’h-Ø√o†’ ÅE formal í¬ îÁ°æ pôç.

2) I suggest/ I would suggest

I suggest/ I'd suggest that the number of

holidays be reduced =

ÂÆ©´¤©’ ûªT_ çî√-©E Ææ÷*Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.3) May I make/ give a suggestion here?

= Ñ N≠æßª’ç™ ØËØÓ Ææ÷îª† îËßª’- î√a?ÉO formal suggestions èπ◊ ¢√úË expressions:

Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 261Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù

I suggest that ..

v °æ ¡ o: 1. I welcome u always.

2. I say welcome to u always.

3. I always welcome u.

4. I always welcome to u.

5. I welcome u.

6. I whole heartedly welcome to

Which are correct in all ab

tences, if any mistake please

reason why it is wrong.

- Nag santos

ï- ¢√- •’: Sentence 4, I always welcom

and sentence No. 6 I whole

welcome to you always -

ûª°æ p N’í∫û√- Fo correct. ° æ≤ƒyí∫ûª ç Å†o-°æ ¤púø ’ welcome

so Åçö«ç. °∂ æ™«Ø√îÓöÀéÀ ≤ƒy°æ¤púø ’ welcome to a place ÅÈ®çúø ’ Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x 'to' †’ welco

¢√úøû√ç. °∂æ™«-Ø√¢√JE -≤ƒyÅ†o-°æ¤púø’, We welco

to ®√ü¿’, ´’†ç ≤ƒ

úéÀ hE îÁ•’û√ç.Our hearty welcom

Chief guest.

(´·êu ÅAC∑éÀ ´÷ ≤ƒWe welcome the Ch

(´·êu ÅAC∑E ≤ƒyí∫A v °æ ¡ o: i) ØË †’ Féπ™« Å´é¬¨¡ç Éýèπ◊çú≈

ii) ØË †’ E†o ´*a Öçõ‰ Ñ®ÓV ¢Áiii) FéÓÆæç éπ∞¡Ÿx é¬ßª ’©’ é¬ÊÆ™«

É°æ ¤púø ’ ¢Á ∞¡-ü∆- ’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.-O-öÀá™« Ö°æßÁ ÷-Tç-î√™ ûÁ ©-°æçúÕ.

v°æé¬¨¸,

ï- ¢√- •’: i) I shouldn't have given yo

opportunity.

ii) If I had come yesterday, I m

gone today.

iii) After having waited (for agesI was just thinking of going a

éπ∞¡Ÿx é¬ßª’©’ é¬ÊÆ™« – ÉC ûÁ©’í∫ – DEéÀ ÆæÈ®j† ¶µ «´ç English ™

v °æ ¡ o: I have a doubt regarding 'sm

hole'. What should we

'kannnam' and 'goyya'.

†OØ π ◊´÷® ,

ï- ¢√- •’: Kannam - éπ†oç Åçõ‰ hole ÅíÌ®·uéÃ hole ÅØË ¢√úøû√ç. íÌ´÷ô pit.

v °æ ¡ o: BIMONTHLY is used for FOR

LY as well. Can you give an e

elaborate the meaning.

†OØ ,

ï- ¢√- •’: Bimonthly Åçõ‰ 1) È®çúø ’ØÁ©

ØÁ©èπ◊ È®çúø ’-≤ƒ®Ω’x – È®çúø ’ Å®√n©O’®Ω’ îÁ°œ p-†ô’x. FortnightlyÅç©èπ◊ (°æéπ~ç) -äéπ≤ƒJ ÅE. é¬Fbimonthly Åçõ‰ È®çúø ’ØÁ©©éÓÅ®Ωn çûÓØË ¢√úøû√®Ω’. ØÁ©èπ◊ Å†ö«-EéÀ fortnightly ÅØËüË¢√úøû√®Ω’. Twice a month

Åçö«®Ω ’. î√™« Å®Ω ’-ü¿’í¬ Ñ monthly Åçö«®Ω’.a) The committee meets for

(15 ®ÓV©éÓ≤ƒJ, ØÁ©èπ◊ È®çúb) We have bimonthly meet

(È®çúø’ØÁ©-©-éÓ-≤ƒJ ´÷Öçö«®·.)

- M.

EXERCISE

Practise the following aloud in English:

Murthy: Silver Jubilee °æ ¤®Ω-Ææ\-Jç-îª’-èπ◊E éÌûª hÖû√p-ü¿-éπû√ (productivity), áèπ◊\´ Ææ ç§ƒ-ü¿Ø√ ©é~ ¬u-©†’ Â°ô’dèπ◊çü∆´÷?

Sankar: í∫ûª Ææ ç´ûª q®Ωç éπçõ‰ 10% áèπ◊\´ Öû√p-ü¿-éπû√ ©éπ~uç Ø√ Ææ ÷îª†.

Sundar: ´’J-éÌEo, Åçõ‰ éπFÆæ ç 5 ¨»ê©ØÁ jØ√ ûÁ®Ω-¢√L, Ñ ®Ωï-ûÓûª q´ Ææ ç´ûª q®Ωç™. ¢ËûªØ√©Â°ç°æ ¤-ü¿© èπÿú≈ Ø√ Ææ ÷îª†.

Sekhar: ÅC ´îË a Ææ ç´ûª q®√-EéÀ ¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ëü∆l ç.Sankar: éÌçûª ™«¶µ «™x éÓûª ûª°æpéπ§Ú®·Ø√, silver

jubileeÆæ ç´ûª q®Ωç™ ÉÊÆh ¶«í∫’çô’çC éπü∆?Murthy: É´Fo Ç™-*ü∆l ç.

ANSWER

Murthy: On the occasion of silver jubilee shall

we have new targets for productivity and

turnover?/ let's have new targets for ...

Sankar: I suggest a 10% higher target in pro-

ductivity.

Sundar: We can open some more branches,

at least 5 more branches in this silver

jubilee year. May I also suggest a

wage rise?

Sekhar: Let's postpone it until next year.

Sankar: Wouldn't it be better if we sanctioned/

announced the wage rise in the silver

jubilee year?

Murthy: Let's think of all these. R



≤Ú- ’- ¢√®Ωç 22 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ Â £j «- ü¿ ®√¶«- ü

Dileep: I've just been looking for you and you

are here. (I am) relieved to see you.

(F éÓÆæ¢Ë ’ îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o†’, †’¢Ë y ÖØ√o-Néπ\úø..E†’o îª÷úøôç Â°ü¿l relief í¬ ÖçC.)

Relieved= àüÓ Â°ü¿l •®Ω ’´¤ CT§Ú-®·† Å†’-¶µ º´ç Å®·ûË, Å°æ ¤púø ’, relieved Åçö«ç.

My son has tested negative for jaundice.

I am relieved/ feel relieved/ feel greatly

relieved/ What a relief!/ It's a big relief=

´÷ Å¶«s®·éÀ ¢Á jü¿u-°æK-éπ~™ é¬¢Á’®Ω’x ™‰ü¿EûËLçC. ÅC NE Ü°œJ °‘©’aèπ◊çô’-Ø√o†’/N´·éÀ h §ÒçC-†-ôx†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o-†’/ -ØÁAhO’CÂ°ü¿l •®Ω ’´¤ CT†-ô’x çC.

Sreenu: Nice to see you too. What could you

be looking for me for? (E†’o îª÷úøôç

Ø√èπ◊ èπÿú≈ Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ ÖçC. -üËEéÓÆæ çØ√éÓÆæç îª÷Ææ’h-†oöx?)Dileep: Could you do me a favour?

(Ø√éÓ ≤ƒßª’ç îËßª’-í∫©¢√?)Sreenu: Certainly, if only I can. Come on, what

is it? (ØË†’ îËßª’-í∫L-TûË ûª°æ péπ îË≤ƒh. îÁ°æ ¤p.àçôC?)

Dileep: Hope you don't mind a little trouble I

am going to give you. (Fèπ◊ ØË†’ éπL-TçîË v¨¡´’ °æöÀd çîª’éÓÉ ÇP-Ææ’hØ√o.)

Sreenu: Come on, Dileep. What exactly is it?

What can I do for you? (àçôC?ØËFoÍéç îËßª’-í∫©†’?)

Dileep: You know for long I've been thinking of

building a house. I need a bank loan

for it. I thought you could be of help in

getting it. (î√™«é¬©çí¬ É©’x éπö«d©†’-èπ◊ç

ô’-Ø√o-†E Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’éπü∆. ü∆EéÀ ¶«uçé˙®Ω’ùç Ø√éπ´Ææ®Ω ç. ÅC §Òçü¿-ö«EéÀ †’´¤y≤ƒßª’-°æúøí∫©É ØË†-†’-èπ◊Ø√o).

Sreenu: I'll do it for you, but I don't think you

need anybody's help. If you have the

right documents and the right security,

the banks will only be too eager to

offer the loan. (îË≤ƒh†’, é¬E Ñ N≠æßª’ç™ FÈé- J ≤ƒßª’ç é¬¢√-©E ØË†-†’éÓ†’. ÆæÈ®j† °ævû√©’ F ü¿í∫ _®Ω’çõ‰, †’´¤yÆæÈ®j† £æ …O’ ÉÊÆh ¶«uçèπ◊©’ ®Ω ’ù«L- yö«EéÀÇvûª çí¬ØË Öçö«®·.)

They will only be too eager... Ééπ\úø too

Ö°æßÁ ÷í∫ ç, so that not ûÓ Ææ ÷-†çí¬ Å®·,negative meaning ®√ü¿’. É™«çöÀîÓôx ´’K¶«í¬ ÅØË ¶µ«´ç ´Ææ’hçC.I shall only be too happy to get Crores of

rupees in a lottery =™«ôK™ éÓôx ®Ω÷§ƒ-ßª’©’ ®√´ôç Ø√èπ◊ ´’KÆæ çûÓ≠æ¢Ë ’.

In what other way can I be of help

you, then? (Éçéπ/ Å™«çö°æ ¤púø ’ ØËØËNüµ ¿çí¬ Fèπ◊ Ææ£æ …ßª’çí¬ Öçúøí∫©†’?)

Dileep: Let me explain. I need your help in

getting the loan quickly, and in the

matter of more instalments. (îÁ°æ pF.Ç ™Ø˛ ûª y®Ωí¬ ´îË a N≠æßª’ç™, áèπ◊\´¢√®·ü∆© N≠æßª’ç™ F Ææ£æ …ßª’ç é¬¢√L.)

Sreenu: I'll do it for you. Just let me know how.

(-FéÓÆæ ç îË≤ƒh-†’. á™« îËßª÷™ îÁ°æ ¤p.)Dileep: The manager of the bank knows you

very well. (¶«uçèπ◊ ¢Ë ’ØËï®˝èπ◊ †’´¤y ¶«í¬ûÁ©’Ææ ’.)

Sreenu: So, would you like me to put in a word

in your favour? (é¬•öÀ d, Féπ†’-èπÿ©çí¬ ã´÷ô ÅûªúÕûÓ îÁ°æ pØ√?)

Dileep: Exactly, and... (ÅüË, Éçé¬...)Sreenu: Perhaps I could stand guarantee for

the loan too. Is it that? (Ç ®Ω’ù«EéÀ ØË†’£æ …O’í¬ Öçú≈L. ÅçûËéπü∆?)

Dileep: That'd be very kind of you. I'd be

delighted if you were prepared to do

that, provided it's no trouble for you.

(ÅC íÌ°æ p Ææ£æ …ßª’¢Ë ’ Å´¤-ûª’çC. FÍéçtrouble ™‰éπ§ÚûË, ü∆EéÀ †’´¤y Æœü¿l ¥¢Á’iûËØ√èπ◊ Ææ çûÓ≠æ¢Ë’.)

Kind= ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωn ç ü¿ßª’. é¬F á´È®jØ√´’†èπ◊ Ææ£æ …ßª’çîËÊÆh ´’† éπ%ûªïcûª ûÁ©°æö«EéÀ,That's very kind of you Åçö«ç. -ÉC O’conversation ™ practice îËßª’çúÕ.delight = Ææ çûÓ≠æç

Sreenu: Is there anything else I can do?

(ØË†’ ÉçÍé´’Ø√o îËßª’í∫©Ø√?)

Dileep: Nothing more. I can manage the rest.

(ÉçÍéç-™‰ü¿’. N’í∫û√ N≠æ-ßª÷©’ -ØË-†’îª÷Ææ’éÓí∫©†’.)

Ñ conversation Åçû√ äéπJE Ææ£æ …ßª’ç Åúøí∫ö«EéÀ, äéπJéÀ Ææ£æ …ßª’ç -îËßª’ö«EéÀ/ Æœü¿l ¥°æúøö«EéÀ ¢√úËexpressions ûÓ Öçúøôç O’®Ω’ í∫ ’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’.É°æ ¤púø ’ ´’†ç real life situations ™ äéπJ Ææ£æ …ßª’çÅúøí∫ú≈EéÀ/ §Òçü¿-ú≈EéÃ, äéπJéÀ Ææ£æ …ßª’ç -îËßª’-ú≈EéÀ¢√úË standard expressions ´÷vûª-¢Ë’-é¬-èπ◊çú≈,≤ƒßª’ç §ÒçC-†-°æ¤púø’ thanks îÁ°æ p-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úËexpressions èπÿú≈ îª÷ü∆l ç.Look at the following sentences from the

conversation above.

1) Could you do me a favour?

2) Certainly, if only I can. Come on, what is it?

3) Hope you don't mind a little trouble I'm going

to give you.

4) What can I do for you?

5) I thought you could be of help in getting it.

6) I'll do it for you.

7) In what other way/ How else can I be of

help to you?

8) Would you like me to put in a word in your

favour?

9) That'd be very kind of you.

10) Is there anything else I can do?

Â°j sentences ™ 1), 3), 5) Ææ£æ …ßª’ç ÅúÕ Ííçü¿’-èπ◊/§ÒçüË çü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË expressions. É™«çöÀ expres-

sions ™ formal í¬ ¢√úËN äéπ®Ωéπçí¬, informal í¬¢√úËN ´’®ÓNüµ ¿çí¬ Öçö«®·.Informal expressions:

a) How about helping me with a little money?

(´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ °æJ-îªßª’ç ÖçúÕ îª†’´¤ BÆæ’-éÓí∫L-Íí¢√-∞¡x†’ Ææ£æ …ßª’ç ÅúÕ Ííçü¿’èπ◊.)

b) Can you help me carry this?

c) Will you give me a lift upto the college?É´Fo èπÿú≈ informal ways of asking for help.

Formal expressions:

a) Could you do me a favour?

Ø√éÓ≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh¢√? ÉC î√™« ´’®√u-ü¿-°æ ‹®Ωyéπçí¬, ü∆ü∆°æ ¤ •A´÷-©’-ûª’-†oô’d ÅúÕ Íí Nüµ ∆†ç.

b) Could you pay the telephone bill for me?

Here is the bill and the money =

Ø√ telephone bill é¬Ææ h éπúøû√¢√/ éπúøû√®√? –ÉNíÓçúÕ, bill, úø•’s©÷.

c) Could you take me to the doctor?

Hope you don't mind - O’éπ¶µ ºuçûª®Ωç ™‰ü¿-†’èπ◊çö«†’ (àü¿Ø√o ≤ƒßª’ç îËßª’-ö«EéÀ)

(ÉCî√™« formal expression- ´’†-éπõ‰ d °æJ-îªßª’ç™‰E-¢√-∞¡xûÓ/ - ’-†-éπçõ‰ àüÓ Nüµ¿çí¬ Â°ü¿l¢√-∞¡xûÓ.)

Hope you don't mind my

using your phone= ÉC help

é¬´îª’a/ permission é¬´îª’a.

I thought you could be of

help in this matter. (Ñ N≠æßª’ç™ O’®Ω’ Ææ£æ …-ßª’-°æúø-í∫©®ΩEØË†-†’-èπ◊Ø√o)

a) You could help me by showing how to do it=

ÅC á™« îËßª÷™ îª÷°œ ç* Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’-°æúø îª’a (≤ƒßª’-°æúø çúÕ)

b) You could help understand this, couldn't

you? = ÉC ØË†’ Å®Ωn ç îËÆæ’-èπ◊ØË çü¿’èπ◊ é¬Ææ h ≤ƒßª’çîËßª’çúÕ.

≤ƒßª’ç ÅçCç-îË ç-ü¿ ’ π ◊ ÆæçÆœ-ü¿l ¥ûª ûÁLÊ° expres-

sions É°æ ¤púø ’ îª ÷ü∆lç. É™«çöÀ expressions

Â°j† îÁ°œ p† sentences No. 2), 4), 6), 7), 8) and

10) ™ îª ÷úøçúÕ. Ñ offers of help ™ πÿú≈ for-

mal and informal Öçö«®·.

1) What can I do for you?

2) Can I help you?/ Can I be of any help?

3) Let me help you.

4) Is there anything I can do? (to help you)? =

ØË†’ îËßª’-í∫© ≤ƒßª’ç à´’Ø√o Öçü∆?É´Fo èπÿú≈ formal/ informal í¬ ¢√úø îª’a.éÌçîÁç formal expressions.

1) Could I help you?

2) Shall I help you?

3) If you don't mind, I'll do it for you.

¶«í¬ formal í¬ ÖçúË expressions.

1) May I help you?

2) May I be of any help?

3) May I be of any assistance?

ûª°æ p- π ◊çú≈ äéπ JéÀ é¬¢√Lq† ≤ƒßª ’ç îË ßª ’-ú≈-EéÀÆœü¿ l ¥¢Ë’ ÅØË ¶µ «´çûÓ ¢√úË expressions.

1) If/ In case you need my help, let me know=

Ø√ ≤ƒßª’ç é¬¢√Lq´ÊÆh, -ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰ßª’çúÕ/ ûÁ©°æ çúÕ.2) If I can do anything, feel free to let me know

= ØËØË ’Ø√o ≤ƒßª’ç îËßª’-í∫L-TûË, Ææ yûª çvûªçí¬îÁ°æ pçúÕ.

3) If I can be of help don't hesitate to let me

know = ØË†’ ≤ƒßª’ç îËßª’-í∫©†-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ Åúøí∫ú≈EéÀÆæçéÓ*çîª ü¿’l. (hesitate= Ææ çéÓ*çîªôç)

≤ƒßª ’ç §ÒçC†°æ¤púø ’ éπ %ûª ïcûª ûÁLÊ° Nüµ ∆Ø√©’:1) Thank you - ÉC î√™« common, ´’†çü¿-JéÃ

ûÁ©’Ææ’.2) That's very kind of you/ thoughtful of you.

3) That'd be welcome.

4) I'd be delighted.

5) That's very good of you.

6) I don't know how I can thank you.

7) I'm really grateful to you.

(greatful= éπ%ûªïcûªí∫©)8) Thank you. Hope I'm not troubling you.

OöÀ†-Eo-öÀE conversation ™ Å´é¬¨¡ç ´*a†-°æ ¤-úø™«x¢√úÕûË ´’† ¶µ «≠æ™ ÅC ¶µ «í∫¢Á’i§Ú®·, ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-ßª’èπ◊çú≈ØË correct í¬ ¢√úøí∫©’-í∫’û√ç.

EXERCISE

Make as many sentences as you can, on the

following pattern.

Subject verb object '...ing' form

I saw the thief entering the house.

(üÌçí∫ ÉçöxéÀ v°æ¢ËP-Ææ’hçúøí¬ ØË†’ îª÷- »†’.)He hears her singing in the morning.

(§Òü¿’l† Ç¢Á’ §ƒúø ’-ûª’çõ‰/ §ƒ-úøôç Åûªúø ’ Nçö«úø ’.)

Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 262Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù

Could you do me a favour?

v°æ ¡ o: Can you please tell me the

between 'ADVICE' and 'ADV

- Deepika Pinja

ï¢√•’:

Advice is noun, and advise is v

Look at the following sentence

1) I want advice on this matter.

(Ñ N≠æßª’ç™ Ø√èπ◊ Ææ©£æ … é¬(advice = Ææ©£æ…)

2) Please advise me on this m

(Ñ N≠æßª’ç™ Ææ©£æ … ÉýçúÕ= Ææ©£æ… Éýôç)Advise = give advice

Advise verb Å®·†çü¿’†, advise

ÅØËN ¢√úøû√ç. Advices, ad

´÷ô©’ ™‰ ¤.v°æ ¡ o: My name is Sekhar. I have a

spoken English. I can read

can understood well. But I h

to speak up. I want to im

speaking in English. How c

come this problem? - Sekha

ï¢√•’:

The best way to speak in Eng

speak on (´÷ö«xúËßªperhaps are afraid t

might laugh at you.

care. Speak on. Y

develop speaking En

habit. Don't worry

may make mistakes

of time you'll find a lot of improve

Read as much English as you ca

ten to TV English newscasts.

v°æ ¡ o: I got one doubt that is...

I am going to Bheemavara

voice). Change into the passi

- Y. Ramakrishn

ï¢√•’:

I am going to Bheemavaram -

tence has no passive form. O

having objects can be put in

voice. In your sentence the verb

has no object. (Am going what?

whom? - These question have n

á´JE ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o†’? üËEo ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√v°æ ¡o-©èπ◊ answer ™‰ü¿’ é¬•öÀ d, am

object ™‰ü¿-†o- ÷ô.) Such verbs

passive voice. Verbs with object

have passive voice. üËEo A†ôçA†ôç? Åçõ‰ answer ´Ææ’hçC é¬object ÖçC, Åçü¿’-éπE passive ´ÆæÅ®·ûË, Imperative sentences (Çïc†©÷, N†o§ƒ©’ ûÁLÊ° ¢√é¬u-©)™verbs (intransitive verbs) èπ◊ èπÿú≈Öçô’çC. é¬F Ç passive form î√éπ%ûªéπç (artificial)í¬, àüÓ gramma

†-ô’d çô’çCé¬E, spoken English

Ææ£æ «ïçí¬ Öçúøü¿’.v°æ ¡ o: May I know the name of a 'Pa

ple?'. What is the one-word fo

of form or character'?

- S. Chandrasekhara Ra

ï¢√•’: 1) Parsees do not have th

of temple worship - so n

temple in Parsee langua

2) Metamorphosis =

change of form or charac

- M.



•’- üµ ¿¢√®Ωç 24 -ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ Â £j «-ü¿ ®√¶«- ü˛

Virat: Hi Brihat, Where have you been till

now? Your were to take me to the engi-

neer the day before yesterday. I Waited

and waited but no trace of you. Your

cell was switched off too.

(áéπ\úø ’-Ø√o´¤ É°æpöÀ ®Ωèπ◊? ¢Á ·†o-†í¬ †’´¤y††’o Engineer ü¿í∫ _®Ωèπ◊ BÆæ ’-Èé-∞«xLqçC. F

éÓÆæ ç áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷ÊÆh F ñ«úË ™‰ü¿’. Fcell

èπÿú≈ ÇÊ°Æœ ÖçC.)Brihat: I've a good reason, Virat.

(ü∆EéÓ •©¢Á’i† é¬®Ωùç ÖçC.)Virat: I can see that. You don't appear to be in

the best of spirits. What's wrong?

(ØË†®Ω n ç îËÆæ’-éÓí∫©†’. àçöÀ, †’¢Ë y´’çûªÆæ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ éπE-°œ çîªúø ç ™‰ü¿’? à¢Á’i çC?)

in the best of spirits = Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬/ Öû√q£æ «çí¬.

Brihat: I have bad news. My uncle passedaway the day before yesterday. It was

early in the morning. The end was sud-

den.

(ã Å¨¡Ÿ-¶µ º¢√®Ωh. ¢Á ·†o §Òü¿’lØË o ´÷¶«¶«ß˝’ îªE-§Ú-ßª÷úø ’. £æ«®∏ √-†t-®Ωùç)

Virat: Really sorry to hear that. How is it I did-

n't know that? My condolences to you.

(Ç ´÷ô N†-ú≈EéÀ Eïçí¬ Nî√-J-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.Ø√Èéçü¿’èπ◊ ûÁL-ßª’-™‰ü¿’ ´’J? Fèπ◊ Ø√Ææ çû√°æ ç.)

Brihat: I thought of calling you and telling you

of it, but you are getting ready to have

the foundation stone ceremony of your

house. I didn't want to give the bad

news during such an auspicious time.

(Fèπ◊ phone îËÆœ îÁ•’ü∆´’†’-èπ◊Ø√o é¬F O’

ÉçöÀ ¨¡çèπ◊-≤ƒn-°æ† ÆæØ√o-£æ …™x ÖØ√o´¤.Å™«çöÀ ¨¡Ÿ¶µ ºÆæ ’ßª’ç™ Ñ îÁúø ’ ¢√®ΩhîÁ°æ púø ç Ø√éÀ≠æ d ç™‰éπ§Ú-®·çC.)

Virat: Even your cousin Sai didn't tell me of it.

(O’ cousin – ¶«¶«®· éÌúø ’èπ◊– ≤ƒ®· èπÿú≈Ø√ûÓ îÁ°æ p-™‰ü¿’.)

Brihat: For the same reason. That's why we

didn't respond to calls from you.

(ÉüË é¬®Ωùç. Åçü¿’-éπØË F calls èπ◊ èπÿú≈Ææ ÷-üµ ∆†ç Éý™‰ü¿’.)

Virat: Thank you for being so considerate

though I should have liked your inform-

ing me of it. I would have paid my last

respects to him. I feel bad about it.

(Ø√ í∫’Jç* Åçûª ≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷-Aí¬ Å†’-èπ◊†oçü¿’èπ◊ Thanks. Å®·Ø√ O’®Ω’ Ø√èπ◊ îÁ°œ p-´¤çõ‰ ¶«í∫’çúËC. *´J-≤ƒJí¬ Çßª’†’o

îª÷ÊÆ-¢√-úÕE. O’®Ω’ Ø√èπ◊ îÁ°æ p-éπ-§Ú- ôçEïçí¬ ¶«üµ ¿í¬ ÖçC.)Brihat: He did not here but in Hyderabad. I had

to leave suddenly. Sorry, Sai or I didn't

inform you of it.

(Çßª’† îªE§Ú®·çC Ééπ\úø é¬ü¿’ Â£j «ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛™. ØË†’ Å°æ p-öÀéπ°æ ¤púø ’ ¢Á∞«xLq ´*açC.ØË†’-í¬E, ≤ƒ®·-í¬E Fèπ◊ îÁ°æp-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊sorry.)

Virat: I wish to send my condolences to Sai

and the other members of the family. I

think he was about 55 years of age -

too young to die.

( Sai éÀ Éûª®Ω èπ◊ô’ç-•-Ææ-¶µº’u-©èπ◊ Ø√Ææ çû√°æ ç ûÁ©§ƒ-©†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o†’. Çßª’-†èπ◊55 à∞¡x†’-èπ◊çö«– î√´¤-éπC *†o- ßª’ÊÆ.)

Brihat: He used to like me very much.

(ØË†çõ‰ Çßª’† ¶«í¬ É≠æ d°æúË¢√úø ’.)Virat: May his soul rest in peace.

(Çßª’† Çûª tèπ◊ ¨»çA éπ©í¬L.)Brihat: So May it.

(Å™«ØË ï®Ω-í¬L.)English ™ formalities èπ◊ (°æü¿l ¥-ûª’-©èπ◊) -î√™«v§ƒüµ ∆†uç Öçô’çC. v°æA Ææ çü¿-®√s¥EéÃ ûªT† expres-

sions Öçö«®·, ÅN ¢√úøôç á™«íÓ ûÁ©’Ææ ’-éÓ¢√L.á´È®jØ√ îªE-§Ú-®·†-°æ ¤púø ’ (May God forbid) Å™«çöÀN ï®Ω-í¬©E é¬ü¿’, é¬E ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª÷ØË Öçö«®· éπü∆!Ñ ¶µ «´çûÓ ¢√úË expression:

May God forbid = Å™«çöÀN üË´¤úø ’ ï®Ω-í∫E- yèπ◊çú≈Öçúø ’-í¬éπ. Ææ çû√°æ ç ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË standard

expressions É°æ ¤púø ’ îª÷ü∆l ç.´’®Ω-ù¢√®Ωh N†o-°æ ¤púø ’ ´’†ç ûÁLÊ° Ææ çû√°æ ç.condolences (éπçúÓ™„ØÁ qÆ)– 'úÓ— ØÌéÀ\°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.DØÁ o-°æ ¤púø ÷ plural ™ØË ¢√úøû√ç. condolence ÅØË´÷ô™‰ü¿’.Now, look at the following sentences from

the conversation above.

1) Really sorry to hear that.

2) My condolences to you.

3) I'd have paid my last respects.

4) I wish to send my condolences to Sai and

the other members of the family.

5) May his soul rest in peace.

Â°j Fo èπÿú≈ death news N†o-°æ ¤púø ’ ¢√úË standard

expressions.

1) Really sorry to hear that =

ÅC N†-ö«EéÀ Eïçí¬ Nî√-J-Ææ ’h-Ø√o†’. à ü¿’®√y®ΩhNØ√o Ñ expression ¢√úøû√ç.a) I am sorry to hear the news of his father's

death.

b) It's very unfortunate. What a tragedy! =

î√™« ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%≠æ d ç. áçûª Ç°æü¿!c) Really shocking that he should die/ died

so young.

Åçûª *†o ´ßª’-Ææ’™ §Ú´úø ç î√™« Cví¬s¥ çAéπ®Ω ç.

d) Oh, what a way to die! =

á™«çöÀ î√´¤ ´*açC! (ÉC ´·êuçí¬ acci-

dent ™ØÓ, -á´JØÓ ®ΩéÀ~çîª¶®· îªE-§Ú-®·†-°æ ¤púÓ ¢√úË ÷ô.)

2) My condolences to you =

Fèπ◊ Ø√ Ææ çû√°æ ç. ÉC ´’†ç ´’%ûª’úÕ èπ◊ô’ç•Ææ¶µ º’u©†’ -ãü∆Í®açü¿’èπ◊ ÅØË ´÷ô.a) My heartfelt condolences to you =

Ø√ Bv´ Ææ çû√°æ ç.b) I express my condolences =

Ø√ Ææçû√°æç ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.c) I offer/ send my condolences =

Ø√ Ææ çû√°æ ç úéπh-°æ®Ω ’-Ææ ’h-Ø√o†’.d) I convey my condolences =

ÉC éÌçîÁ ç formal.

3) Pay last respects =

´’%ûª’-©èπ◊ ´’† *´J îª÷°æ ¤.4) May his/ her soul rest in peace =

ÅûªúÕ/ Ç¢Á’ Çûª tèπ◊ ¨»çA éπ©’-í∫’-í¬éπ.Please accept my condolences ÅE èπÿú≈Ææ çû√°æ ç ûÁ©°æ îª’a.I offered him my condolences over the

death of his father = I condoled with him in

the death of his father =

ÅûªúÕ ûª çvúÕ ´’%AéÀ ÅûªúÕéÀ Ø√ Ææ çû√°æ ç á™«ûÁ©°æ†’?Offer/ give/ send/ express/ convey condo-

lences to some one = condole with some

one.

(condole ûª®√yûª with ûª°æ péπ ´Ææ ’hçC.)

DEéÀ Ææ ç•çCµç*† Éûª®Ω ´÷ô©’:How did he die? / What did he

die of? =

á™« îªE-§Ú-ßª÷®Ω’?(´’®Ω-ùÀç-îªúøç ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, die

Å†úø ç Åçûª ´’ç* ´÷ô é¬ü¿-†’-éÌE î√™«´’çC expire/ demise

ÅØË ´÷ô©’ ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’– ÉC Å†-´-Ææ®Ω§ƒçúÕûª uç. Die Åçõ‰ îªE-§Ú- úø ç ÅØË Å®Ωn çûÓ¢√úøôç, unpleasant ´÷ô é¬ü¿’. Ææ£æ «-ï-¢Á’i†English (natural spoken English) ™ die î√™«common - Éçü¿’™ Ææ¶µ ºuûª é¬EüË ç™‰ü¿’. Pass

awayÅE èπÿú≈ Å†- îª’a).When did he die?/ When did the end come?

á°æ ¤púø ’ îªE-§Ú-ßª÷úø ’?bereaved family = ´’%ûª’© èπ◊ô’ç•çbereavement = (èπ◊ô’ç•ç™) ´’%A.ÉO î√´¤èπ◊ Ææ ç•çCµ ç*† ´÷ô©’May god forbid our use of these words =

É™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ ¢√úË Å´é¬¨¡ç üË ¤úø ’ ®√E- yèπ◊çú≈Öçúø ’í¬éπ!

EXERCISEPractise aloud sentences on the following

pattern.

sub verb noun/ for noun orpronoun pronoun

1) He bought a sari for his wife

2) She cooked food for me

Noun Åçõ‰ any name: üËE-ÈéjØ√ ´’†ç ÉîË a Ê°®Ω’–´’E≠œ/ ïçûª’´¤/ ´Ææ’h´¤, etc., (Teacher, lion, pen,

etc)

Pronoun - noun èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ ¢√úË, he, she, is, they,

I, we, you ™«çöÀN.

Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 263Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù

Really sorry to hear that

Q. How do we use the following m

in conversation. Do give Telug

tions also.

had as well, had best, can't h

hear, can't stand, must needs

well, can't help, but can make noyou beat it.

- K. Rama Krishn

had as well- DEéÀ v°æûË u-éπçí¬ Å®Ωn ç´¤†o-ô’x™‰ü¿’. Åûª†’ ¢Á∞«xúø ’, Ç¢Á’ ¢ÁRx çgone; she had as well (Ç¢Á’ èπÿú≈"They had bought a Car" "We ha

''¢√∞¡Ÿx car éÌØ√o®Ω’—— ''¢Ë ’´‚ éÌØ√oç—— had best= had better= (ã °æE

´’ç*C. a) You don't appear to b

had best/had better consult a doc

†’´¤y èπ◊™«≤ƒí¬ éπE°œ çîªúø ç ™‰ü¿’.îª÷-úøôç ´’ç*C.

Can't help= ûª°æpü¿’.If you want a car, you can't help

money =

é¬®Ω ’ éÌØ√-©çõ‰ úø•’s ê®Ω’a Â°ôdôç

If you are truthful, you can't help of others = †’´¤y Eñ«--ßª’Bí¬ FéÀûª-®Ω’© ¨¡vûª’ûª yç ûª°æ pü¿’.

If you walk in rain, you can't

drenched = ¢√†™ †úÕÊÆh ûªúø éπ ûª Can't hear= N†-™‰éπ§Ú- ôç.

I can't hear anything against Gan

í¬çDµéÀ úAÍ®-éπçí¬ ØËØËO’ N†-™‰†’. Can't stand= Can't bear= ¶µ ºJçîª™‰

Kashmiris can't stand the heat of

úµ ÕMx ¢ËúÕE é¬Qt-K©’ ¶µ ºJçîª™‰®Ω’.She can't stand people abusing

band=

ûª† ¶µ º®Ωh-†’ -Éûª®Ω’©’ Aôdúø ç Ç¢Á’ Ææ£œ Must needs - ÉC ¢√úø ’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’

must ¢√-úøû√®Ω’. ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ îËßª÷L é¬F DEéÀ èπÿú≈ °æ ‹Jh Ç¢Á ÷ü¿ç ™‰ü¿’

He needs must do it (= Åûª†C ûª°æ ÅØË •ü¿’©’ He needs to do i

He must do it ÅE é¬F Å¢Á’®Ω’í∫’. May as well= ÉC èπÿú≈ -îË

ÅE. Why does he want u

him. He may as well come

¢Á’çü¿’èπ◊ ÅûªE ü¿í∫ _®Ω-Èé-∞«x©ÅûªØË Ééπ\úøèπ◊ ®√´îª’a éπü∆.

Instead of his doing it, I may as

I may do it as well= ü∆Eo ¢√úø ’îËÊÆîËßÁ ·îª’a éπü∆.

Can't help but - Ñ expression w

help ÅØ√o ÅØ√L, Can't but ÅØ√È®çúÕçöÀéÃ Å®Ωn ç ûª°æ pü¿’ ÅE.

I can't help going there= ØË†-éπûª°æ pü¿’= I can't but go there.

He can't help spending the mon

ê®Ω’a ûª°æ pü¿’= He can't but spend

(Can't help + ing form= Can't

Regular Doing Word)

Can make nothing ÅØË expressio

make nothing out of something Å– ÅüËO’ -Å®Ωn ç é¬´ôç ™‰ü¿E.He can make nothing out of her w

´÷ô©ûªE-éπ®Ωn ç Å´ôç ™‰ü¿’. Can you beat it? Åçõ‰ ü∆Eo ÅCµí∫N

ÅE. Åçõ‰ äéπ éπ≠æ d¢Á’i† N≠æßª÷Eo í∫©¢√ -ÅE.

Living in Vijayawada can you bea

mer heat?= Nï-ßª’-¢√-úø™ Öçô÷ ûª°œ pçîª’-éÓí∫©¢√?

- M.

v °æ ¨¡ o:

1. ''O’ Ø√†o Ø√ûÓ ´÷ö«xúÕ-Ø√úø ’.—— -D-E-EÉçTx≠™ á™« îÁ§ƒpL?

2. ''O’ Éçöx Ææ¶µ º’u-©†’ ÅúÕT†ô’x îÁ°æ ¤p.—— Ñ¢√é¬uEo ÉçTx≠™ á™« îÁ§ƒpL?

3. Four rupees - four rupee. -à-CÆæÈ®j çC? 300 rupees - 300 rupee.

Which is correct? N´Jçîª çúÕ.4. éÀ çC ÉçTx≠ˇ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωn ç

îÁ°æ pçúÕ.1. Delhi king also mother's son.

2. Crore educations feed for ... ÉN¨¡çéπ-®˝-ü∆-ü∆™™«í¬ Å®Ωn ç´îË a ¢√é¬u©’.ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ Å®√n©†’ ûÁ©°æçúÕ.

– ñ„ . °æ ¤≥ƒpç-ïE, †çCéÌô÷\® .

ï- ¢√- •’:

1. Your father has talked to me.

2. My regards/ best wishes/ wishes/

enquiries to the members of your family.

3. Four, three hundred, ÅØËN plural é¬•öÀ d four

rupees, three hundred rupees ÅØË ÅØ√L.Å®·ûË ÉC Ø√©’í∫’ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ßª’© (Åçõ‰ ÅçûªêKü¿’ îËÊÆ) pen Å†o-°æ ¤púø ’, it is a four rupee

pen; Å™«Íí ÉC 300 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ßª’© (Åçõ‰®Ω÷. 300 êKü¿’ îËÊÆ) book Å†o-°æ ¤púø ’, It is a

three hundred rupee book Åçö«ç.4. O’®Ω’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ω nç îÁ°æ p- ’†o ¨¡çéπ®˝-ü∆ü∆ ÆœE-

´÷-™E English ¢√é¬u©’ ÆæÈ®j† English ™™‰ ¤. ÅN ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Ö†o ´÷ô©†’ Å™«ÍíûÁ©’í∫ ’ ´®Ω-Ææ™ØË English ™éÀ ´÷Ja†N. 1)úµ ÕMxéÀ ®√ï-®·Ø√, ûªLxéÀ éÌúø ’Íé. 2) éÓöÀ Nü¿u©’èπÿöÀ éÌ®Ω Íé.



¨¡Ÿ- v éπ ¢√®Ωç 26 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ Â £j «-ü¿ ®√¶«- ü

I. Bhargav: Hello, is it 257702284?

(All phone numbers here are fictitious.

Ééπ\úÕ phone †ç•®Ω’x Íé´©ç éπLp-û√©’.)Vaibhav: Yes.

Bhargav: Can I speak to Vaibhav?

Vaibhav: Speaking. And who's this?

(´÷ö«xúø ’-ûª’-Ø√o†’. ÉüÁ ®Ω÷?)Bhargav: Hi, Vaibhi, it's Bhargav here. How

are you? (ØË†’ ¶µ «®Ω_¢˛ ´÷ö«xúø ’ûª’-Ø√o†’. á™« ÖØ√o´¤?)

Vaibhav: Fine. Thank you. How are you? Nice

to hear your voice again after such a

long time. What's the matter?

(¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o. †’´¤y èπ◊™«≤ƒØ√? î√™«é¬©ç ûª®√yûª®·Ø√ F íÌçûª’ N†ôçÆæ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ ÖçC. àçöÀ N¨Ï≠æ ç?)

Bhargav: So am I. A piece of happy news. My

sister's marriage has been fixed. It's

the 13th next month. (I am) calling

you just to share the happy news.

(Ø√èπÿ ÆæçûÓ≠æ¢Ë ’. ã ¨¡Ÿ¶µ º¢√®Ωh. ´÷ îÁ™„ xLÂ°Rx E¨¡aßª’- ’-®·çC. ´îË aØÁ© 13†. ÑÆæ çûÓ≠æ ç FûÓ °æ çîª’-éÓ¢√©E phone îË ».)

Vaibhav: Very happy to hear it. Congrats to

her. (NØË çü¿’èπ◊ î√™« Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ ÖçC.Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ÅGµ†çü¿-†©’.)

Bhargav: Can I speak to aunt and uncle? I

wish to give them the news too.

(O’ Å´÷t, Ø√Ø√o ÖØ√o®√? ¢√∞¡xèπÿÑ´÷ô îÁ§ƒp-©E ÖçC.)

Vaibhav: Oh, sure. But only mom is in, Dad's

out on business. Here, over to mom.

(ûª°æ p-èπ◊çú≈. Å®·ûË Å´’t ´÷vûª¢Ë ’

Éçöx ÖçC, Ø√†o °æE-O’ü¿ •ßª’-öÀÈé∞«x®Ω ’. ÉCíÓ Å´’tûÓ ´÷ö«xúø ’.)

II. Anil: Is it 47957021?

Amar: Yes.

Anil: Can I speak to Mr.Amar?

(Å´’-®˝ûÓ ´÷ö«xúø´î√a)Amar: Speaking. May I know who you are?

(´÷ö«xúø ’-ûª’-Ø√o†’. O’È®- ®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ´î√a?)Anil: I'm Anil. Hope you remember me. We

met a few days ago at the country club.

(ØË†’ Anil. O’®Ω’ ††’o í∫ ’®Ω’h-°æö«d®Ω-†’-èπ◊çö«.éÌEo-®ÓV© éÀ çü¿ô ´’†ç country club ™éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.)

Amar: Oh sure, how are you Mr.Anil?

Anil: Fine. Thank you. Hope you are fine too.

(èπ◊™«≤ƒØË. O’®Ω ÷ èπ◊™«≤ƒØË éπü∆?)Amar: OK. Thanks. What can I do for you?

(èπ◊™«≤ƒØË. îÁ°æ pçúÕ. ØË†’ O’Íéç îËßª’-í∫©†’?)Anil: I want to see you about some of our

products. Can you give me an appoint-

ment to meet you?

(´÷ ûªßª÷K (Öûªpûª’h) ©†’ í∫ ’Jç* N’´’tLo éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©E ÖçC. N’´’tLo á°æ ¤púø ’,áéπ\úø éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ¢√-©†oC îÁ•’-û√®√?)

Appointment = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωn ç ÖüÓuí∫ Eßª÷-´’éπç. Å®·ûË É™«çöÀ Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x– á´J-ØÁjØ√ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ¢√-©†’-èπ◊çõ‰, Å™« éπ©’-Ææ ’-éÓ´ö«EéÀ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†-éÀîË a Ææ ’ßª’ç, v°æüË ¡ç.

a) "I have an appointment with the CM today."

´·êu- ’çvAE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ¢√-Lq† à®√p-ô’çC Ø√éÃ®ÓV."When is the appointment?"

b) Meeting the CM is only by appointment =

´·çü¿’-í¬ØË EKgûª Ææ ’ßª’ç, v°æüË »™x éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØËà®√p-ô’çõ‰ØË, ´·êu- ’çvAE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ´îª’a.

c) Consultation with the doctor is only by

appointment = ´·çü¿’í¬ à®√pô’ îËÆæ’-èπ◊†o time

v°æé¬®Ω¢Ë ’ doctor ûÓ Ææ çv°æCç°æ ¤©’.d) I am here by appointment = ´·çü¿’í¬

Å†’-èπ◊†o time, v°æüË ¡ç v°æé¬®Ω¢Ë ’ ØËE-éπ\úø ’Ø√o.III. Prem: Hello, I'd like to speak to Mr. Syam.

Ram: Who's (who is) calling please?

(á´®ΩçúŒ phone îËÆæ’h-†oC?)Prem: I am prem, his friend, and this is urgent

please.(ØË†’ Prem, ÅûªE ÊÆo£œ «ûª’-úÕE. ÉC é¬Ææ hurgent.)

Ram: Please hold on while I find out if he can

take the call. He is in a meeting.

(Line ™ Öçúø çúÕ, O’ûÓ ´÷ö«xúøí∫©Í®¢Á ÷éπ†’-èπ◊\çö«. Çßª’ØÓ meeting ™ ÖØ√o®Ω’.)

Prem: OK. Could you be fast?

(Å™«Íí. éÌçîÁ ç ûª y®Ωí¬ é¬E- yçúÕ.)

IV. Praful: Is it Suprachar Ad Ltd.?

(ÉC Ææ ’v°æî√®˝ Ads company ßË ’Ø√?)Prasanna: Yes. What can we do for you?

(Å´¤†’. îÁ°æ pçúÕ O’Íéç é¬¢√™?)Praful: May I know who's (who is) speaking?

(á´®Ω’ ´÷ö«xúø ’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ´î√a?)Prasanna: I'm Prasanna, Manager, front office.

May I know who you want to speak to?

(v°æÆæ†o, Ééπ\úø v°æñ« Ææ ç•çüµ ¿ N¶µ «í∫ ç officer †’.á´JûÓ ´÷ö«xú≈©†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ´î√a?)

(Front office: Â°ü¿l Â°ü¿l company ©™ v°æñ«Ææ ç•çüµ ¿ N¶µ «í∫ ç. Company ™ v°æï©, customers,

Nî√-®Ω-ù©èπ◊ Ææ ÷-î√®Ωç ûÁLÊ° N¶µ «í∫ ç. ÉN ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ company office ™ ´·çü¿’ hall ™/ í∫C™Öçö«®· é¬•öÀ d OöÀE front offices Åçö«ç.)Praful: Good morning. Can you put me

through to your Manager, Marketing please?

(O’ Marketing Manager èπ◊ line/ connection

É≤ƒh®√, please?)

Prasanna: Could you please hold on? I've to

check whether he is in or out.

(line ™ Öçö«®√? Çßª’† office ™ ÖØ√o®Ó ™‰®ÓûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ¢√L.)

Praful: OK.

Prasanna: He is not in, Mr. Praful. Have you

any message to be passed on to him?

(Çßª’† ™‰®Ω’. O’®√-ßª’-†- Íé-´’Ø√o ûÁL-ßª’-°æ®Ω-îª ’çö«®√? / O’Í®- ’Ø√o Çßª’-†èπ◊ Ææ ÷-î√®Ωç ´÷ûÓ´ü¿-©ü¿-©îª’-èπ◊Ø√o®√?)

Praful: Just tell him I've called and to call me

as soon as he is back.

(àç™‰ü¿’. ØË†’ phone îË »-†F, ®√í¬ØË Ø√èπ◊

phone îËßª’- ’E îÁ°æ pçúÕ, î√©’.)Prasanna: Oh, sure.

Praful: Thank you.

Phone îËßª’-ôç™ formal calling èπÿ, informal

calling èπÿ ûËú≈ Öçô’çC. ´’†ç Ææ yûªçvûª ç BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ îËÊÆ informal call èπÿ, ´’†ç î√™« íı®Ω-´çí¬,Åçûª ÆæEo-£œ «ûª’©’ é¬E-¢√-JéÀ îËÊÆ formal calls èπÿî√™« ûËú≈ Öçô’çC. àüË ’-®·Ø√, Ææ çü¿-®Ωs¥ çûÓÆæ ç•çüµ ¿ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ´’†ç ´÷ö«xúËô°æ ¤púø ’ î√™«Ææ p≠æ d çí¬, (íÌù’-í∫’úø ÷, Ææù’í∫’úø ÷ ™‰èπ◊çú≈) îÁ§ƒp-©†’-èπ◊†oC Å´ûªL ¢√∞¡xéπ®Ωn ’-ßË ’u™« îÁ°æ p-í∫©í¬L. Phone

™ ´÷ö«xúËô°æ ¤púø ’ ´’† íÌçûª’™ ´’† ¶µ«´ç Ææ’p¥JçîËô’x çú≈L. DEéÀ Ææ ç•çCµ ç*† ´÷ô B®Ω÷, ´÷ô©’(á™« °æ©éπJçî√L ™«çöÀN) É°æ ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆l ç.

Phone îËßª ’ôç: Phone, ring

up, give a ring, give a tinkle,

call, make a call. OöÀ™xModern English usage ™áèπ◊\-´í¬ N†-°æ-úËC, call.

Å°æ ¤púø°æ ¤púø ’ phone, ring up,

give a ring. OöÀ™x call ûª®√yûªáèπ◊\´í¬ ¢√úø ’-ûª’-†oC phone

(somebody). Ring up, give a ring - British

English. Give a tinkle - totally out dated (§ƒûª•-úÕ§Ú-®·çC). Call Åçõ‰ °œ©´ôç ÅØË Å®Ω nçÖçü¿E ´’†çü¿-JéÃ ûÁ©’Ææ ’.

Phone in: 1) ´’†ç ÖüÓuí∫ç îËÆæ’h†o office èπ◊,ÆæçÆæ nèπ◊ îËÊÆ phone. I have phoned in my tourprogramme = Ø√ tour programme N≠æßª’çphone îË »†’ ´÷ office èπ◊/ Ææ çÆæ nèπ◊.2) TV Programmes ™ ´’†ç ´’† ÅGµv§ƒßª÷©’

ûÁ©°æú≈EéÀ, TV anchor ûÓ ´÷ö«xúË çü¿’èπÿ, ´’†v°æ ¡o©’ Åúøí∫ö«EéÀ phone îËßª’ôç èπÿú≈.

Viewers may phone in during the programme

= programme Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©’ phone

îËßª’- îª’a. Éçé¬ îª÷úø çúÕ.

a) Fèπ◊ phone Öçü∆? = Are you on phone?

b) I am on phone. Could you mute the TV = ØË†’phone îËÆæ’hØ√o. TV E é¬Ææ h mute îÁß˝ ’.

ÉO telephone èπ◊ Ææ ç•çCµ ç*† ´÷ô©’. É°æ ¤púø ’telephone ™ ´÷ö«xúË B®Ω’ îª÷ü∆l ç.Look at conversation I: ÉC Éü¿l®Ω’ friends´’üµ ¿u

informal phone conversation éπü∆? ÅEo infor-

mal situations ™†÷, î√™« formal situations

™†÷ ¢Á ·ôd¢Á ·ü¿ô ´’†ç ÆæÈ®j† number °œL-î√´÷ÅE E®√l ¥®Ωù îËÆæ’-èπ◊çö«ç. (ûª®Ωîª÷ phone îËÆæ ’-èπ◊ØË¢√∞¡Ÿx Å´ûªL-¢√∞¡x íÌçûª’ Ææ ’©¶µºçí¬ØË í∫’®Ω’h-°æõ‰ dÆæ’hçö«®Ω’. Å™«çô°æ ¤púø ’, Can I speak to/ Am I

speaking to ... ÅØË ´÷ô© Å´Ææ®Ω ç Öçúøü¿’.)Conversation I I îª÷úø çúÕ.ÉC éÌClí¬ formal. éÌçûªé¬©ç éÀ çü¿õ‰ °æJ-îªßª’-¢Á’i†-¢√-∞¡x ’üµ ¿u phone conversation. Ééπ\úø é¬Ææ h ñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ Öçú≈L formality N≠æßª’ç™. Mr. Amar

(Mister ÅØËC formal).

Amar: Speaking. (ÉC Can I speak to Mr.

Amar? èπ◊ correct response. Practice

îËßª’çúÕ.)May I know who you are?. ´’†èπ◊ phone îËÆæ’h-

†o-üÁ ®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ´ö«EéÀ ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ ÅúÕ Ííquestion. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰, Who's (Who is) this

please?. (á´®ΩçúŒ phone îËÆæ’h-†oC? –´’®√u-ü¿í¬ Åúøí∫ôç.)

What can I do for you? (àç é¬¢√L O’èπ◊?– ÅE´’®√u-ü¿í¬ Åúøí∫ôç.)

Conversation III. ´’†ç phone îËÆæ’h†o úéÀhé¬èπ◊çú≈ ´’®Ó úéÀ h á´®ΩØ√o phone áAhûË,Å°æ ¤púÕ™« Åçö«ç. I'd (I would) like to speak to

Mr.Syam. ÉçéÓ Nüµ¿çí¬, Could you get

Mr.Syam on the line, please? (¨»uç†’ °œ©’-≤ƒh®√?/line É≤ƒh®√?)

™„ jØÓx Öçö«®√? ™„ jØÓx Öçúø çúÕ = Please hold on.Please be on the line - ÆæÈ®j† English é¬ü¿’.Can you put me through to your Manager

Marketing? / Can you connect me to Manager

Marketing? - Ééπ\úø can èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ could Éçé¬áèπ◊\´ ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ Öçô’çC.

Prasanna (conversation IV): He is not in.

Have you any message to be passed on to

him? (Phone Åçü¿’-éÓ¢√-Lq† úéÀ h ™‰†-°æ ¤púø ’, Çßª’-†- Íé´’-®·Ø√ îÁ°æ p- ’çö«®√? ÅE ÅúÕ Íí Nüµ ¿ç ÉC.ÉüË Å®Ωn çûÓ ´’J-éÌEo ¢√é¬u©’.a) Have you any message for him?

b) Could I take a message?

(O’ ´®Ωh- ÷†ç à´’Ø√o Öçü∆ Çßª’-†èπ◊?)c) Would you like to leave a message?

– ÉC î√™« formal.

Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 264Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù

I'd like to speak to ..

v °æ ¡ o: ÉçTx≠ ví¬´’-®˝™ being §ƒvûªN´®Ω çí¬ ûÁ L-ßª’-îË ßª’çúÕ.1. Being Doctor, he is n

regular practice.

2. We are very pleasurefu

Sonia Gandhi on being e

president of AICC.

3. The walls are being painte

– °œ.Ê£«´’çû ,

ï-¢√-•’:Being Åçõ‰ Åçü¿’- ©x /Å™« ÖçúøÅ®Ωn ç.i) a) Being rich he can buy a ca

(üµ ¿E-èπ◊úø ’) Å´ôç´©x car éÌ†-í∫b) Being weak, he is unable to w

•©£‘ «†çí¬ Öçúøôç´©x †úø ™‰úø ’c) Being a leader, he should no

that = Ø√ßª’-èπ◊úÕí¬ ÖçúÕ Å™« ´÷Çßª’†.

ii) Being elected president of

president of AICC í¬ á†’o

áEo-Èéj†çü¿’- ©x.on being elected ...

ôçûÓØË. ÉD D†®Ωn ç.elected president of

drove to her AICC

President í¬ áEo-éπ´ûª† office èπ◊ ¢ÁRx çC.

O’ sentence ™-E pleasureful

¢√-úø ’éπ™ ™‰ü¿’. •£æ ›¨¡ O’®Ω’ †oC, We were happy about

elected president of AICC. (´ôç ´÷èπ◊ Ææ çûÓ≠æ ç éπL-Tç*çÅ®Ωn çûÓ on being ®√ü¿’.

iii) being painted- ÉC be + past

passive form.

The walls are being paint

®Ωçí∫’-¢Ëßª’-•-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®· É°æ ¤púø ’.Being painted the walls are®Ωçí∫’ ¢Ëßª’-•-úøôç´©x íÓúø©’ ¢Á’®ΩÅ®·ûË, painting °æ ‹®Ωh-®·ûË,having been painted the walls

ing = paint îËßª’-úø çûÓ, íÓúø©Ø√o®·.

v °æ ¡ o: 1. He should have gone to t

marriage.

2. He would have gone to t

marriage.

3. He might have gone to t

marriage.

4. He may have gone to th

marriage.

Â°j ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç N´– îª ç

ï-¢√-•’:1) He should have gone to suresh's

(The suresh marriage Å†ç éπü∆) ¢Á∞«xLqçC, é¬E ¢Á∞¡x™‰ü¿’. (NCµí¬ îËîËßª’-™‰ü¿’).

2) He would have gone to Suresh's

= Ç Â°RxéÀ ¢Á∞¡ŸxçúË¢√úË é¬F ¢Á∞¡x™‰ü¿’.3) He might have gone to Suresh's

= Ç Â°RxéÀ ¢Á∞«xúË¢Á ÷. (¢Á∞¡Ÿx çúÌîª’a, ¢ÁúÌîª’a – Ææ çüË£æ «ç)

4) He may have gone to Suresh's

(¢Á∞¡Ÿx ç-úÌîª’a Â°RxéÀ– ¢Á∞«x-úø-†-ö«-EéÀáèπ◊\´ – Might have gone Åçûªé¬ü¿’. See also spoken Englis

138, 139 and 140.)

- M.



Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 28 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ Â £j «- ü¿ ®√¶«-ü

I. Brinda: Hello, this is Brinda speaking. May

I know who you are please.

(£æ«™, •%çü¿ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’.O’È®- ®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ´î√a?)

Mukta: Hi Brinda, you are speaking to Mukta.

What a surprise! How are things

going?

(ã •%çü∆! †’´¤y ´·éπhûÓ ´÷ö«xúø ’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤/ ØË†’ ´·éπh†’. áçûª Ç¨¡a®Ωuç! á™«ÖØ√o´¤?)

Brinda: You haven't been phoning either.

(†’´‹y phone îËßª’-õ‰ xü¿’í¬!)Mukta: The fault is on both sides. But why this

call now; all so suddenly?

(Éü¿lJD ûª°æ¤pç-C™‰. Ö†o-ô’xçúÕ É°æ¤púŒphone áçü¿’-éÓÆæ ç?)

Brinda: Today is a holiday and I rememberedyou. I thought I'd just say hello to you.

(Ñ ®ÓV ÂÆ©´¤, †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ìh-î√a´¤.àüÓ °æ©éπJ-ü∆l ’E phone îË »)

Mukta: That's very good of you.

II. Ravali: This is Ravali speaking. Is it

Consolidated Real Estates Ltd.,

please?

(ÉC Consolidated Real Estate

Company ßË ’-Ø√?)Rasagna: Yes, it is. What's it please?

Ravali: May I have some detailed informa-

tion about the plots and flats you

are selling?

(O’®Ω- ·t-ûª’-†o plots, flats †’ í∫’Jç*†

N´®Ω¢Á’i† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç Éýí∫©®√?)Rasagna: With pleasure, of course. But it is

not a matter to be talked of over

phone. Could you make it to our

office any working day between 10

and 5?

(Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬. Å®·ûË phone ™ îªJaçîªí∫-L-T† *†o ú´£æ …®Ω ç é¬ü¿’ í∫ü∆? O’®Ω ’à working day Å®·Ø√, 10 †’ç* 5™°æ© ´÷ office èπ◊ ®√í∫©®√?

Ravali: Your office is too far off for me and

I am very busy as working days.

(O’ office Ø√èπ◊ î√™« ü¿÷®Ωç.Working days™ Ø√èπ◊ BJ-èπ◊çúøü¿’.)

Rasagna: That's all right. Just let's know

where you live and give us a time

when you are available. One of our

marketing people will visit you and

give you the details, Mrs.Ravali. By

the by is this your phone number?

can we call this to contact you?

(àç °∂ æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. O’È®-éπ\úø ’çö«®Ó àtime ™ ®Ω´’tçö«®Ó îÁ°æ pçúÕ. ´÷ mar-

keting Æœ•sçC™ á´®Ó äéπ®Ω’ O’ü¿í∫ _®Ωèπ◊ ´≤ƒh®Ω’. ÅEo N´®√©÷ É≤ƒh®Ω ’®Ω´R. -ÅCÆæ Í®. ÉCO’ phonenumber

éπü∆? Ñ number ûÓ O’èπ◊ phone

îËßÁ ·î√a?)Ravali: Yea. That's the number. I am always

available on the number.

(Å´¤†’. ÅüË Ø√ number. Ç number

™ ØËØÁ°æ ¤púø ÷ Öçö«†’.)Rasagna: Thank you.

III. Govinda: Hello, who is it? Sorry I am

unable to hear you. There is too

much of noise around here.

Could you be a little louder?

(£æ «™, á´®ΩçúŒ? O’®Ω’ îÁÊ°pC NE-°œ çîªôç™‰ü¿’. Ééπ\úø î√™« íÌúø í¬ ÖçC.O’®Ω’ é¬Ææ h Gí∫ _®Ωí¬ ´÷ö«xúø-û√®√?)

Gopal: I can see that. I will call you back

in ten minutes.

(ØË†®ΩnçîËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-©†’. ´’®Ó °æCEN’≥ƒ™x O’èπ◊ ´’Sx phone îË≤ƒh†’.)

IV. Srinath: Hello, who is it, please? Oh,

Mr.Srinivas. I am driving. Could

you call me a little later?

(Hello, á´®Ω çúŒ. XE-¢√Æ. ØËE-°æ ¤púø ’drive îËÆæ’hØ√o. é¬Ææh -ûª®√yûª phone

îË≤ƒh®√?)Srinivas: OK. I will.

Srinath: I'll call you back/ get back to you

myself after I get off from the

vehicle.

(O’èπ◊ ØËØË phone îË≤ƒh†’, •çúÕ Cí¬_ØË.)Srinivas: It's OK.

Ñ lesson ™-E È®çúø’ conversations ™ èπÿú≈¢Á ·ü¿ô ´÷ö«xúÕ†-¢√∞Ïx ûª ’ Ê°®Ω’, N´®√©÷ îÁ°æ pôçí∫ ’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’.äéπ¢Ë∞¡ Å´ûªL¢√∞¡Ÿx îÁÊ°pC ´’†èπ◊ à é¬®Ωùç ´©x®·Ø√ ÆæJí¬ NE-°œ çîªúø ç ™‰ü¿-†’-éÓçúÕ. Å°æ ¤púø ’ ¢√∞¡x†’´’Sx îÁ°æ p- ’-ØË çü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË polite expression.

a) Who is it, please? Once again.

(á´®ΩçúÕ? ´’Sx îÁ°æ pçúÕ)b) Pardon (éπ~N’çîªçúÕ). Phone Ææ ç¶µ «≠æù™ØË

é¬èπ◊çú≈ Å´ûªL-¢√∞¡x ´÷ô©’ ´’†èπ◊ ÆæJí¬ N†-°æúøéπ§ÚûË Ñ ´÷ô (pardon) Åçö«´’E ´’†™î√™« ´’çCéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ÉC éÌçîÁ ç formal í¬Å®·ûË Beg your pardon Åçö«ç.

c) I'm sorry. I'm unable to hear you. Could you

be a little clearer?

(O’®Ω’ îÁÊ°pC Ø√èπ◊ NE-°œ çîªôç ™‰ü¿’. é¬Ææ h

ÉçéÌçîÁç Ææ p≠æ d çí¬ îÁ•’-û√®√?)d) Could you repeat yourself please?

I couldn't hear you/ catch you.

(O’®Ω’ ´’®Ó≤ƒJ îÁ•’-û√®√? O’®Ω’ îÁ°œ pçC ØË†’N†-™‰éπ§Ú-ßª÷†’.)

´’†ç Car, two wheeler ™«çöÀN drive îËÆæ÷hcell phone ™ ´÷ö«xúø™‰éπ§ÚûË Å°æ ¤púø ’ ¢√úËexpressions.

a) Sorry I am driving. Could you call me a little

later?/ I will call you back some time later.

(ØË†’ drive îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’. é¬ÊÆ-§ƒT phone

îË≤ƒh®√?/ ØË†’ O’èπ◊ phone îË≤ƒh†’.)É´Fo èπÿú≈ conversations 3 and 4 ™ÖØ√o®· éπü∆.äéÓ\≤ƒJ phone ™ disturbances ´©x ´’†çN†-™‰éπ§ÚûË ÅØË ´÷ô©’.

a) Sorry. Your voice isn't clear. Could youplease be clearer?

(O’ íÌçûª’/ ´÷ô©’ ÆæJí¬ NE-°œ çîªúø ç™‰ü¿’. é¬Ææ hÆæ p≠æ d çí¬ îÁ•’-û√®√?)

b) I hear some noises over the line/ The line

isn't clear/ your voice isn't clear. Could you

disconnect and call/ try again?

(Line Åçû√ íÌúø í¬ ÖçC. phone Â°õ‰ dÆœ ´’Sxphone îËßª’çúÕ/ v°æßª’-Aoçîª çúÕ.)disconnect = ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆. phone Â°õ‰ dßª’ôç.phone Â°õ‰ dßª’ôç/ phone ™ ´÷ö«xúøôç ÇÊ°ßª’-ö«EéÀ ÉçéÓ ´÷ô, hang up (disconnect).

Ranjan: Is that all or have you any thing more

to say? I am in a hurry.

(ÅçûËØ√, ÉçÍé- ’Ø√o îÁ§ƒpLq Öçü∆? ØË†’ûª y®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«xL)

Raghav: Wait (please). Don't

hangup yet. I have a

lot more to tell you.

(Çí∫’/ Çí∫ çúÕ. Å°æ ¤púËphone Â°õ‰ dßª’èπ◊. ØË†’Éçé¬ î√™« îÁ§ƒpLqÖçC).

Ranjan: I'm sorry. I haven't the time right now

to listen to you.

(É°æ ¤púø ’ †’´¤y îÁÊ°pC NØË çûª time ™‰ü¿’Ø√èπ◊. Sorry)

Raghav: Look, Revathi, Ranjan has hung up in

the middle of the conversation.

(îª÷úø ’ Í®´B, -Ø√ ´÷ô© ´’üµ ¿u-™ØËphone Â°õ‰ d »úø ’ Ranjan.)

Revathi: That's very rude of him. When he

makes a call he never ends it. He

goes on talking for hours on end.

(Åûª†™« îËßª’ôç î√™« Å´’-®√u-ü¿éπ®Ω ç.Åûª†’ phone îËÊÆh á°æ p-öÀéÃ Â°õ‰ dßª’úø ’.í∫ çô© ûª®Ω-•úÕ ´÷ö«xúøû√úø ’.)

Phone Ææ ç¶µ «≠æù ´·Tçîªôç = end a call.

-´÷-öÀ-´÷-öÀéÃ phone ¢Á÷í∫’ûª÷ Öçúøôç =Ringing off the hook.

a) The phone in the press office has been ring-

ing off the hook for more information about

the ministers' involvement in the scam.

Ç èπ◊ç¶µ ºéÓùç™ Ç ´’çvûª’© §ƒvûª í∫ ’Jç* Ææ ÷-î√®Ωç éÓÆæ ç, °ævAéπ Ç°∂ ‘Ææ’™ phone ´÷-öÀ ÷-öÀéÃ¢Á ÷í∫’-ûª÷ØË ÖçC.

b) The hospital phone has been ringing off the

hook with offers of blood donation to save

the baby's life.

Ç Gúø f v§ƒùç é¬§ƒ-úøôç éÓÆæ ç, ®Ωéπh-ü∆†ç ÉîË a ¢√J Phone ©’ -´÷-öÀ ÷-öÀéÃ ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®·.ÉO phone conversation èπ◊ Ææ ç•çCµ ç*†´’JéÌEo expressions.

EXERCISE

Look at the following sentence:

Smoking is bad for health (Smoking Ç®Óí¬u-EéÀîÁúø ’). We can use 'To smoke' instead of the

'smoking' in the sentence above. The meaning

does not change.

To smoke is bad for health (= smoking is bad

for health.)

Write as many sentences as you can, in which

the '.... ing' form can be changed into the infini-

tive (like, 'to smoke')

eg: Walking is good for health = To walk is good

for health.

É™« 'ing' form •ü¿’©’ infinitive ¢√úÕ O’èπ◊O©®·†Eo sentences ´÷ö«xúø çúÕ.

Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 265Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù

Who is it, please?

v °æ ¡ o:

i) äéπ úéÀ hE °æJ-îª ßª ’ç îË Ææ ’-èπ◊ØËúéÀ h How do you do?

response á™« Öçú≈L?

ii) °æJ-îª ßª ’ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ nice to(or) nice meeting you, gla

you Åçõ‰ ´’† respon

Öçú≈L? ´’†ç èπÿú≈ nice to

too ÅØ√™« ™‰ ü∆ àNüµ ¿çí¬ ÉçûË é¬èπ◊çú≈ Éçé¬ àNüµ ¿çí¬îª ßª ’ç îË Ææ ’-éÓ´î√a?

iii) ÉçTx≠ ØË®Ω’aéÓ´ú≈EéÀ Å™«ÍíAccent éÓÆæç à¢Á ’iØ√ ûÁ L-ß

iv) Idioms & Phrases èπ◊ àÖçü∆? ™‰ ü∆ à dictiona

ô’çC?

v) By the way E topic ´÷®Ω aú≈Ö°æßÁ ÷-T≤ƒh®Ω’?

– á. ®Ω ’ù«éπ ® ®√V

ï-¢√-•’:i) ´’† response èπÿú≈, Fine, t

How do you do? ÅØÁ jØ√ í¬F,How do you do? ÅØÁ jØ√ í¬F Öç

ii) Glad to meet you too/ nice to

too O’®Ω†oô’x.It's great pleasure meeting yo

(¢Á·ôd¢Á ·-ü¿öÀ spoken Englis

îª÷úø çúÕ)

iii) English ØË®Ω’a-éÓ--´ö«-EéÀ best

1) Reading as much English

ble- newspapers, books (sta

small books and going on to

els), 2) Listening constantly

news telecasts, 3) watchin

movies for American

ÉçûËé¬èπ◊çú≈ market ™ C

ÖØ√o®·– leading book shops

iv) Oxford Advanced Learners

of current English.

v) by the by = by the way (used

the topic).

v °æ ¡ o:

i) What is the passive voice of

"Why don't you keep him offe

Can we write as: Why does

kept offered by you.

ii) Can we say "I have a pen" as

ing a pen.

– G. v°æ¶µº ’ü∆Æˇ ï-¢√-•’:

i) Why don't you keep him offere

Ñ sentence èπ◊ -Å®Ωn ç ûÁL-ßªÅ®·ûË DEéÀ passive form: Wh

(isn't he) kept offered by you

ii) I have a pen - correct.

- M.

v°æ ¡ o: i) Tony, Sony and Rony go to a hotel. / an hotel. àC éπÈ®éÓd ûÁ L-ßª ’-ñ‰ ßª ’çúÕ.

ii) I am having a one rupee note

ÅE Lifco Dictionary ™ ÖçC.Having †’ possession ™ ¢√úø èπÿúø ü¿’ éπü∆! N´Jçîª çúÕ.

– >. ¡ çéπ ® , Íé¨¡ -°æôoç

ï- ¢√--•’:

i) A hotel correct.

An hotel - old usage - É°æ pöÀ ¢√úø ’-éπ™ ûª°æ ¤p.ii) éπL-T Öçúøôç ÅØË Å®Ωn çûÓ am having/ is hav-

ing/ are having, correct English usage ™ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. I have a one rupee note, correct.



´’çí∫ ∞¡ ¢√®Ωç 30 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ Â £j «ü¿ ®√¶«ü

Good evening everybody. On behalf of the

students, staff and management of

Suvidya College, this is Ramachandra wel-

coming you all to this evening's function,

the 23rd annual day celebrations of the

College.

(Åçü¿-JéÃ ¨¡Ÿ¶µº ≤ƒßª’çvûª ç. Ææ’Nü¿u éπ∞«¨»©

¢√JéÓûªq´ç Ææ çü¿-®Ω s¥ çí¬, éπ∞«¨»© Nü∆u-®Ω ’n©’, Åüµ∆u-°æèπ◊©’, ßª÷ï- ÷†uç ûª®Ω-°∂ æ ¤† ØË†’ ®√´’-îª çvü¿N’´’tLo Ñ ¢Ëúø ’-éπèπ◊ Ç£æ …yE-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.)The programme will be starting in a short

time from now. May I request all the invi-

tees to be seated so that we can begin the

function.

(ÑØ√öÀ é¬®Ω u-véπ´’ç ´’J-éÌCl ÊÆ°æöx v§ƒ®Ωç¶µ ºçé¬†’- çC. é¬®Ωu-véπ´÷Eo v§ƒ®ΩçGµ çîË çü¿’èπ◊ O©’í¬

Ç£æ…y-E-ûª’-©-†ç-ü¿-J-F ÇÆ‘-†’©’ éπ´’tE éÓ®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oç)Dear friends, we are celebrating, as you all

know, the 23rd anniversary of the college.

I find it a pleasure to let you know the order

of events that you are going to witness this

evening.

(N’vûª’-™«®√, O’èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ´’†ç ´’† éπ∞«¨»©23´ ¢√JéÓûª q´ç -E®Ω y-£œ «çîª’èπ◊çô’Ø√oç. O’®Ω ’îª÷úø¶-ûª’†o é¬®Ω u-véπ´’ -Åç¨»©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.)We start this evenings proceedings with

welcoming the guests on to the dias. The

celebrations will begin with a prayer by the

college prayer group then follows the wel-

come address by the President of the col-

lege students' society. The next will be the

presentation of garlands and bouquets to

the guests of the evening and others. We

will then listen to a brief report by the Prin-

cipal of the college's activities and progress

during the year. We will then have Prof

Narayana introducing the Chief Guest, the

renowned scientist, Prof Bhoutik. What fol-

lows then is the highlights of the evening's

programme, the Chief Guest's message.

(ÑØ√öÀ ÅAü∑ ¿’-©†’ ¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ Ç£æ …yEçîªôçûÓØËöÀ é¬®Ωu-véπ´÷Eo v§ƒ®ΩçGµ≤ƒhç. 23´ ¢√JéÓûª q´¢Ëúø’-éπ©’ éπ∞«- »© v§ƒ®Ωl ¥Ø√•%çü¿ç í¬†ç-ûÓv§ƒ®Ωç¶µ ºç Å´¤û√®·. Ç ûª®√yûª éπ∞«¨»© Nü∆uJnÆæ ç°∂æ’ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊-úÕ ≤ƒyí∫-ûÓ-°æ-Ø√uÆæç Öçô’çC.ûª®√yA Åç¨¡ç ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿ Ö†o-¢√-JéÀ °æ ¤≠æ p- ÷-©©’, í∫’î√a¥© Ææ´’-®Ω p-ù. (Bouquet - •’Íé – °æ ¤≠æ p-

í∫’îª a¥ ç.) Ç ûª®√yA Åç¨¡ç, principal E¢ËC-éπ –Ñ Nü∆u Ææ ç´ûª q®Ωç (Academic year) éπ∞«¨»©v°æí∫AE, é¬®Ω u-éπ™«§ƒ© í∫ ’-Jç* principal E¢ËCéπ.ûª®√yA Åç¨¡ç Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç é¬®Ω u-véπ´’ç™´·ë«u-éπ®Ωù. (High light = ´·ë«u-éπ®Ωù).However, then there will be a vote of

thanks proposed by the secretary of the

college students' union, Vidyalankaar after

all this, we are going to be treated to a vari-

ety entertainment programme by the stu-

dents of our college.

(Ç ûª®√yûª Nü∆uJn Ææ ç°∂ æ’ç é¬®Ωu-ü¿Jz Nü∆u©çé¬®˝´çü¿† Ææ ’-®Ωpù Öçô’çC. Ç ûª®√yûª NNüµ ¿≤ƒçÆæ\%-Aéπ é¬®Ωu-véπ-´÷©’ – ´’† éπ∞«- »©

´’†ç Ñ≤ƒJ Spoken English ™ ¶µ «í∫¢Á’i†Public speaking (v°æÆæ çí¬©’)- í∫’-Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çô’Ø√oç.ÉC éπ∞«¨»© ¢√JéÓûª q¢√Eo í∫ ’-Jç* Ç£æ …yE-ûª’-©èπ◊°æJ-îªßª’ç îËÊÆ v°æÆæ çí∫ ç ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ÷hØË ÖçCéπü∆. Åçõ‰ ÉC event †’ compere îËßª’ôç(event = É¢Á çö¸ = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ω nç Ææ ç°∂æ ’-ô†.Ñ Ææ çü¿-®Ω s¥ ç™, àüÁ jØ√ ¢ËCéπ -O’-ü¿ ïJÍí †%ûª u,Ø√ôu, Ø√ôéπ v°æü¿-®Ωz-†-™«x çöÀN èπÿú≈ events)

Compere (é¬ç°œßª’ – 'é¬— ØÌéÀ\°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) =äéπ Ææ¶µ º™/ Ææ ÷-¢Ë¨¡ç™/ NØÓü¿ é¬®Ω u-véπ´÷-™x/¢ËCéπ O’ü¿ à v°æü¿-®Ωz†™ØÁ jØ√ v°æü¿-®Ωz-èπ◊©†’, éπ∞«é¬

®Ω’-©†’, é¬®Ω u-véπ´÷Eo vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©èπ◊ °æJ-îªßª’ç îËÆæ÷hN´JçîË¢√®Ω ’/Å™« N´Jçîªôç.TV show ™ compere †’ anchor/ host/

hostess ÅE èπÿú≈ -Å-†-úøç O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîËÖçö«®Ω ’.Compere èπ◊ ÉçéÓ ´÷ô master of cere-

monies Å®·ûË Ñ ´÷ô abbreviation MC

(EMCEE) ÅØËC áèπ◊\- í¬ ¢√úø ’-ûª’çö«®Ω’, °æ ‹Jh-

´÷ô Master of Ceremonies éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈.´’†ç Â°j† îªC-Nçü¿çû√ èπÿú≈ programme

compere îËÊÆ Nüµ ∆-†ç – ´’Sx í∫’®Ω ’hçîª’-éÓçúÕ–Compere Åçõ‰ v°æü¿-®Ωz-†èπ◊ ¢√uë«uûª ÅØË Å®Ωn¢Ë ’-é¬èπ◊çú≈ ¢√uë«u-Eçîªôç ÅØË Å®Ω n ç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.´’†èπ◊ éÌçîÁ ç Çûªt N¨»yÆæ ç ÖçúÕ, ÷ö«xúøí∫L-TûË´’†´‚ compere Å´îª’a. compere îËßª’-´îª’a. Åçõ‰ EMCEE îËßª’-´îª’a. Åçõ‰ anchor

í¬ ã programme †’ host îËßª’-´îª’a. ÉCpublic speaking spoken English ™ î√™«´·êu-¢Á’i† Åç¨¡ç.É°æ¤púø ’ Ñ college anniversary compere

îËßª’ôç á™« ÖçüÓ îª÷ü∆l ç. Ñ compere,

Ramachandra éπü∆. Ééπ\úø Ramachandra,

College anniversary Celebrations v§ƒ®Ωç¶µ º´’ßË ’u ´·çü¿’ Ç celebrations èπ◊ ´*a† ¢√∞¡x

†’-üËl -Pç* îÁ°œp† ´÷ô©’. Celebrationsv§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ ç-îª-ö«-EéÀ Éçé¬Ææ h úĆµÖ†oç-ü¿’†,ïØ√-©èπ◊ NÆæ’í∫’ °æ ¤ôdèπ◊çú≈ Åçô’†o ´÷ôLN.1. v§ƒ®Ωç¶µ ºç: Good evening, everybody.

2. compere Æ‘ yßª’°æJ-îªßª’ç – ÉC î√™« ´’çCNÆæ t-J-Ææ’hçö«®Ω’. 'á´®Ω’, á´JC?— ÅE vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©’Å†’-éÓéπ ´·çüË ¢√JéÀ ûÁL-ßª’-úø ç ´’ç*C.3. ´*a† ¢√J-†çü¿-J-F Ç£æ …yEçîªôç – DØË o

welcoming the gathering Åçö«ç.Gathering = äéπ event èπ◊ ´îË a Ç£æ ›ûª’©’.´·êuçí¬ Ééπ\úø í∫ ’-Eçî√-Lq† N≠æßª’ç.á´®Ω’ v°æü¿-®Ωz† E®Ω y-£œ «Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ó Ç N´®√-©’èπÿú≈ ûÁ©°æúø ç – ¢√J ûª®Ω-°∂ æ ¤† éπü∆ compere

Ç£æ …yE-ûª’©†’ -Ç£æ …yEçîËC.4. Programme v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µ«-EéÀ úĆµ ÖçC.

´*a† ¢√∞¡Ÿx NÆæ’í∫’ îÁ çü¿-èπ◊çú≈ îª÷úøôç

compere NCµ. é¬•öÀ d ¢√∞¡x†’ ´÷ô©ûÓengage îËßª÷L. Åçü¿’-éπØË Ééπ\úø com-

pere, Ç ®ÓV ï®Ω-í∫¶-ûª’†o é¬®Ω u-véπ´÷ç¨»-©††’ -ûÁL-ßª’°æ®ΩîªôçûÓ Ç úĆµ ¶µ ºKhîËßª’ôç í∫ ’-Eçîª çúÕ. (ÇØ√öÀ é¬®Ωu-véπ´’çéπ®Ω°ævûª ç™ programme line up Öçô’çCèπÿú≈)

*´JéÀ É™« ´·Tçîª îª’a. Dear friends, your

patience for a few minutes, before we

begin.

(¢Ë ’ç v§ƒ®ΩçGµ çîË çü¿’èπ◊ éÌCl EN’-≥ƒ©’ °æôd îª’a.O’®Ω ’ ã®Ω’pûÓ Öçú≈-©E éÓ®Ω ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç.)í∫ ’-Eçî√-Lq† N≠æßª÷©’:1) Ç£æ …yEçîªôç á°æ ¤púø ÷ äÍé™« é¬èπ◊çú≈ wel-

œÊ

ô’çC- éπü∆.a) I/ We welcome you all

b) I/ We extend a warm

welcome to you all

c) A warm/very welcome to

all the invitees

d) We take pleasure in welcoming you all

e) It's our privilege to have you all here.

f) Welcome to you all from RamaChandra

(Compere/ EMCEE)

g) Welcoming you all is Ramachandra, on

behalf of...h) your presence here is our pleasure.

É™« ´’† Ü£æ …¨¡éÀ héÀ °æü¿’-†’-Â°úÕûË áEo Nüµ ∆©’í¬ØÁ jØ√ ≤ƒyí∫Açîª îª’a.äéπ\õ‰ í∫’®Ω’hç-îª’-éÓ-¢√L; Public speaking

á°æ ¤púø ’ formal í¬ØË Öçô’çC. Åçü¿’-éπE Åçü¿-JéÃÇ£æ…xü¿ç éπL-Tç* á´-JF ØÌ°œpç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ñ«ví∫ûª h©’ -BÆæ ’éÓ¢√-L.ÉO éÌEo Ææ ÷îª†©’. ´’J-éÌEo Ææ÷îª†©’ ´îË a

lesson ™Exercise: Practise aloud as many sen-

tences of welcome (General

Welcome) with the help of other

welcome sentences given in the

lesson.

Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 266Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù

your presence here is our pleasure..

v°æ ¡ o:i) I saw 'a saw is sawing a saw' a

saw I never saw. Ñ ¢√é¬u-®√nEo ii) He was late. He missed the sch

Ñ ¢√é¬uEo È®çúø ’ Nüµ ∆©’í¬ ®√ÊÆh–a. If he was late, He would miss

bus.

b. If he wasn't late, He wouldn

school bus.

iii) a. He died in 1919

b. He was died in 1919.

È®çúø ÷ ÆæÈ®j†-¢ËØ√?iv) a. The Examinations will condu

b. The Examinat ions will be

soon.

Â°j È®çúÕ çöÀ™ àC ûª°æ ¤p.v) a. ØË†’ °æKéπ~ ÖBh-®Ω’g-úøØÁ jAE(E†o).

b. ¢√®Ω ’ ††’o °æKéπ~ ÖBh-®Ω’g-úÕE -îË »®Ωvi) Brough around - Bring around

E N´Jçîª çúÕ.

– °œ. üµ¿ †’ç-ï-ßª ’-®√´¤i) äéπ ®Ω ç§ƒEo éÓÊÆ ÉçéÓ ®Ωç§ƒÅ™«çöÀ ®Ω ç§ƒEo ØËØÁ°æ ¤púø ÷ îª÷úø™‰ü¿’È®çúø ’ Å®√l ¥©ûÓ (îª÷-»-†’/ -®Ωç°æ ç.®Ωç°æ çûÓ éÓßª’ôç) îª ’-û√\®Ωçí¬ ®√Æœ

ii) He was late. He missed the sc

rewrite as directed Åçõ‰ ÇüËPç®√ßª’çúÕ, ÅE. Å®·ûË ÇüË ¡ç àN’-ôØË™‰†-°æ ¤púø ’, Ñ Nüµ ¿çí¬ éπ©°æ îª’a.

a) As/ because/ since he was late,

the school bus.

b) If he had been late, he wouldn't (

have missed the school bus.

O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ†, If he was late, he w

the school bus - ÆæÈ®j† ¢√éπuç é¬ü¿If he were late, he would

school bus - D†®Ωn ç, Åûªúø ’ late Å´ïJ-TûË (Åûªúø ’ late Å´™‰ü¿’/ Å´úø ’ school bus miss Å´¤-û√úø ’ (miss Å¶µ «´ç)If he wasn't late, he wouldn't mis

èπÿú≈ ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. DÆæJí¬ ®√ü¿’.iii) He died in 19

He was died

wrong. Die,

object ™‰ü¿’. ´·çü¿’ was

®√ü¿’.iv) The exams w

soon =

°æK-éπ~©’ E®Ωy£œ «°æK-éπ~©’ Eû√®·. Å™«correct sent

exams will b

ed.

v) I passed the exam yesterday.

They passed me in the exam ye

vi) bring around - ü∆JéÀ ûË ôç ¢Á ·çúÕ ÍéÆœ, úAÍ®éπ üµ Ó®Ω-ùÀ™ Öçõ‰ü∆JéÀ ûË ôç – DEéÀ past tens

around. 'Brough around' Engl

v°æ ¡ o: To + be form í∫ ’Jç* N -®Ωçí¬ ûÁLßª ’ñ‰ßª ’çúÕ.1.To be take ( let form verb)

2. To be taken (p.p.)

3. To be Interesting (ing form)

4. May be taken

5. Can be taken

6. To be grateful

– Èé.Å-§ƒp®√´¤, Nï-ßª ’- †-í∫®Ωçï- ¢√-•’: To be Åçõ‰ Öçúøôç

To be+past participle, infinitive

(to take, to see, etc) èπ◊ passive

form.

i) To be take (to be+1st Regular doing

word)

English™ áéπ\ú≈ ¢√úø ç.ii) To be taken ÅØËC, to take èπ◊ passive

voice. To be taken èπ◊ Å®Ωn ç BÆæ’Èé-∞¡x•-úøö«E-éÃ/ BÆæ ’Èé∞¡x•-úøôç ÅE.

a) He wants to be taken to a doctor.

(Åûªúø ’ doctor ü¿í∫ _®Ωèπ◊ BÆæ’Èé-∞¡x•-úø ’EéÓ®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oúø ’.)

b) To be taken in a bus all the way is

not safe.

(Åçûª ü¿÷®Ω´‚ bus™ BÆæ’Èé∞¡x•-úøôç Íé~´’çé¬ü¿’.)(Å®·ûË, '•úøôç— ûÁ©’-í∫’™î√™« Å®Ω’ü¿’)

iii) To be interesting - to be = Öçúøôç; inter-

esting = ÇÆæéÀ h-éπ®Ω çí¬. To be interesting =

ÇÆæéÀ h éπ®Ωçí¬ Öçúøôç/ÇÆæéÀ h-éπ®Ωçí¬ ÖçúË çü¿’èπ◊.iv) May be taken = BÆæ’Èé∞¡x•-úø´îª’a.v) can be taken = BÆæ’Èé∞¡x•-úøí∫©ü¿’/í∫©úø ’/í∫©®Ω’/

´îª’a i) T b t f l π ª ª Ó ø

eenady english jan07

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