Een echtere stack-machine

Memory

Registers

R0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

Memory Program Stack Memory

Registers Progr.counter Stack pointer Mark pointer

Instructies: load on stack

R0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

31

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

HALT

LDCLoad from constant

Instructies: load on stack

LDCLoad from constantR

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

31

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

HALT

17 LDR

Load from register

Instructies: load on stack

LDCLoad from constantR

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

31

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

HALT

17 LDR

Load from register

43

LDLLoad from local

Instructies: load on stack

LDCLoad from constantR

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

31

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

HALT

17 LDR

Load from register

43

LDLLoad from local

75

LDSLoad from stack

Instructies: load on stack

LDCLoad from constantR

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

31

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

HALT

17 LDR

Load from register

43

LDLLoad from local

75

LDSLoad from stack

12

LDLALoad local address

Instructies: load on stack

LDCLoad from constantR

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

31

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

HALT

17 LDR

Load from register

43

LDLLoad from local

75

LDSLoad from stack

12

LDLALoad local address

LDALoad via address

Instructies: load on stack

LDCLoad from constantR

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

31

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

HALT

17 LDR

Load from register

43

LDLLoad from local

75

LDSLoad from stack

12

LDLALoad local address

81

LDALoad via address

Instructies: load on stack

LDCLoad from constantR

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

31

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

HALT

17 LDR

Load from register

43

LDLLoad from local

75

LDSLoad from stack

12

LDLALoad local address

81

LDALoad via address

Instructies: store from stack

LDCLoad from constant

LDRLoad from register

LDLLoad from local

LDSLoad from stack

LDLALoad local address

LDALoad via address

STRStore to register

STLStore to local

STSStore to stack

STAStore via address

Instructies: Register

LDRRLoad reg. to reg.R

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

31

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

LDRR 3 4

17 43 75 12 81

AJS -2

BRA +3

BSR -4

LDC 91

STR R3

RET

LDR R3

Instructies: Register

LDRRLoad reg. to reg.R

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

43

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

LDRR 3 4

17 43 75 12 81

AJS -2

BRA +3

BSR -4

LDC 91

STR R3

RET

LDR R3

AJSAdjust stackpointer

Instructies: Register

LDRRLoad reg. to reg.R

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

43

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

LDRR 3 4

17 43 75 12 81

AJS -2

BRA +3

BSR -4

LDC 91

STR R3

RET

LDR R3

AJSAdjust stackpointer

BRABranch (Jump)

Instructies: Register

LDRRLoad reg. to reg.R

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

43

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

LDRR 3 4

17 43 75 12 81

AJS -2

BRA +3

BSR -4

LDC 91

STR R3

RET

LDR R3

AJSAdjust stackpointer

BRABranch (Jump)

BSRBranch to subroutine

Instructies: Register

LDRRLoad reg. to reg.R

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

43

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

LDRR 3 4

17 43 75

81

AJS -2

BRA +3

BSR -4

LDC 91

STR R3

RET

LDR R3

AJSAdjust stackpointer

BRABranch (Jump)

BSRBranch to subroutine

Instructies: Register

LDRRLoad reg. to reg.R

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

43

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

LDRR 3 4

17 43 75

91

AJS -2

BRA +3

BSR -4

LDC 91

STR R3

RET

LDR R3

AJSAdjust stackpointer

BRABranch (Jump)

BSRBranch to subroutine

Instructies: Register

LDRRLoad reg. to reg.R

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

91

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

LDRR 3 4

17 43 75

91

AJS -2

BRA +3

BSR -4

LDC 91

STR R3

RET

LDR R3

AJSAdjust stackpointer

BRABranch (Jump)

BSRBranch to subroutine

RETReturn from subroutine

Instructies: Register

LDRRLoad reg. to reg.R

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

91

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

LDRR 3 4

17 43 75

91

AJS -2

BRA +3

BSR -4

LDC 91

STR R3

RET

LDR R3

AJSAdjust stackpointer

BRABranch (Jump)

BSRBranch to subroutine

RETReturn from subroutine

Instructies: Register

LDRRLoad reg. to reg.R

0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

91

43

59 63 75 81

LDC 17

LDR R4

LDL 2

LDS -3

LDLA 1

LDA 2

NOP

12

LDRR 3 4

17 43 75

91

AJS -2

BRA +3

BSR -4

LDC 91

STR R3

RET

LDR R3

AJSAdjust stackpointer

BRABranch (Jump)

BSRBranch to subroutine

RETReturn from subroutine

91

Instructies: Arithmetic

ADD SUB MUL DIV MOD

Haal twee waarden van de stack,

en vervang ze door het resultaat van…

AND OR XOR

EQ NE LT GT LE GE

NOT NEG

één of

Instructies: Branch

BRAOnvoorwaardelijke sprong

BSRZet eerst returnadres op stack

BRTVoorwaardelijke sprong:alleen als er True op stack staat

BRFVoorwaardelijke sprong: …False…

Codegeneratie voor Expressies

3 5

+

3 2

*

3 5

+ 32

*

3 5

+ 3 7

?:

1 2

== 3

3 5

+

LDC 3

LDC 5

ADD

LDC 3

LDC 5

ADD

LDC 2

MUL

LDC 3

LDC 5

ADD

LDC 2

MUL

LDC 1

LDC 2

EQ

BRF +2

LDC 7

BRA +3

LDC 3

LDC 5

ADD

Codegenereer-Algebracode b = foldExpr codeAlg bwhere codeAlg :: ExpAlg Code =(\n ,\x y ,\x y ,\x y ,\x y z

)

[LDC n] x ++ y ++ [ADD] x ++ y ++ [MUL] x ++ y ++ [EQ]

x ++[BRF (sy+1)] ++ y ++[BRA sz] ++ z

\e

data Expr= Con Int| Add Expr Expr| Mul Expr Expr| Eq Expr Expr| If Expr Expr Expr let sy=size y

; sz=size z in

,\s ,\s d b

| Var Str| Let Str Expr Expr

[LDL s ] [LDL (e?s) ]

(EnvCode)

\e \e \e \e \e

e ee e

ee

ye=y e;ze=z e;

e

yeze

yeze

\e d e ++ [STL (length e)] ++ b ((s,a):e)

[ ]

Codegenereer-Algebracode b = foldStEx codeAlg bwhere codeAlg :: StExAlg Code =((\s d \e ,\c b a \e

,\c b \e

,\m ps \e

), (…))

data Stat= Asmt Str Expr| If Expr Stat Stat

| While Expr Stat

| Call Str [Expr]

(EnvCode)[ ]

d e ++ [STL (e?s)] ce ++ [BRF(size be+1)]++be ++ [BRA(size ae)]++ae ce ++ [BRF (n+1)] ++be ++ [BRA –(n+k+2)]where n = size be k = size ceconcat [p e | pps]++ [BSR (f e m)]

Codegenereer-Algebracode b = foldStEx codeAlg bwhere codeAlg :: StExAlg Code =((\s d \e ,\c b a \e

,\c b \e

,\m ps \e

), (…))

data Stat= Asmt Str Expr| If Expr Stat Stat

| While Expr Stat

| Call Str [Expr]

(EnvCode)[ ]

d e ++ [STL (e?s)] ce ++ [BRF(size be)] ++be ++ [BRA(size ae)]++ae [BRA n] ++ be ++ ce++ [BRT –(n+k+1)]where n = size be k = size ceconcat [p e | pps]++ [BSR (f e m)]

Methodes met parameters

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ p(x+37); q(x*y);}

Methodes met parameters

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDS -2

LDC 37

7 12

BSR p

LDS -2

STS -2

LDS -2

MUL

BSR q

AJS -1

ADD

RET

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

m:void m(int x, int y){ p(x+37); q(x*y);}

Methodes met parameters

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDS -2

LDC 37

7 12

BSR p

LDS -2

STS -2

LDS -2

MUL

BSR q

AJS -1

ADD

RET

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

m:

7 37

void m(int x, int y){ p(x+37); q(x*y);}

Methodes met parameters

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDS -2

LDC 37

7 12

BSR p

LDS -2

STS -2

LDS -2

MUL

BSR q

AJS -1

ADD

RET

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

m:

44 37

void m(int x, int y){ p(x+37); q(x*y);}

Methodes met parameters

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDS -2

LDC 37

7 12

BSR p

LDS -2

STS -2

LDS -2

MUL

BSR q

AJS -1

ADD

RET

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ p(x+37); q(x*y);}

m:

44 37

Wij ruimen onze eigen rommel op!

Methodes met parameters

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDS -2

LDC 37

7 12

BSR p

LDS -2

STS -2

LDS -2

MUL

BSR q

AJS -1

ADD

RET

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ p(x+37); q(x*y);}

m:

96 12

Wij ruimen onze eigen rommel op!

Methodes met parameters

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDS -2

LDC 37

12

BSR p

LDS -2

STS -2

LDS -2

MUL

BSR q

AJS -1

ADD

RET

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ p(x+37); q(x*y);}

m:

96 12

Wij ruimen onze eigen rommel op!

Methodes met parameters

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDS -2

LDC 37

12

BSR p

LDS -2

STS -2

LDS -2

MUL

BSR q

AJS -1

ADD

RET

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ p(x+37); q(x*y);}

m:

96 12

Wij ruimen onze eigen rommel op!

Methodes met parameters

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDS -2

LDC 37

12

BSR p

LDS -2

STS -2

LDS -2

MUL

BSR q

AJS -1

ADD

RET

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ p(x+37); q(x*y);}

m:

96 12

Wij ruimen onze eigen rommel op!

Methodes met n parameters

Methode-aanroep Zet parameters

op de stack Call

Methode-definitie

Gebruik parameters …

Ruim stack op

Return

BSR m

LDS –(n+d) LDS –(1+d)

STS –n

AJS –(n-1)

RET

Methode-aanroep Zet parameters

op de stack Call Ruim stack op

Methode-definitie Gebruik parameters

… Return

BSR m

RET

AJS -n

Alternatieve strategie:

aanroeper ruimt op

LDS –(n+d) LDS –(1+d)

Methode met lokale variabelen

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDR MP

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ int a, b; a = -x; ……}

m:

7 12

Methode met lokale variabelen

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDR MP

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ int a, b; a = -x; ……}

m:

7 12

MP=SP

Methode met lokale variabelen

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDR MP

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ int a, b; a = -x; ……}

m:

7 12

MP=SP

AJS +2

Methode met lokale variabelen

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDR MP

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ int a, b; a = -x; ……}

m:

7 12

MP=SP

AJS +2

LDL -3

NEG

Methode met lokale variabelen

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDR MP

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ int a, b; a = -x; ……}

m:

7 12

MP=SP

AJS +2

LDL -3

NEG

-7

STL +1

Methode met lokale variabelen

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDR MP

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ int a, b; a = -x; ……}

m:

7 12

MP=SP

AJS +2

LDL -3

NEG

-7

STL +1

-7

SP=MP

Methode met lokale variabelen

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDR MP

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ int a, b; a = -x; ……}

m:

7 12

MP=SP

AJS +2

LDL -3

NEG

-7

STL +1

SP=MP

STR MP

-7

Methode met lokale variabelen

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDR MP

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ int a, b; a = -x; ……}

m:

7 12

MP=SP

AJS +2

LDL -3

NEG

-7

STL +1

SP=MP

STR MP

-7

STS -2

Methode met lokale variabelen

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDR MP

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ int a, b; a = -x; ……}

m:

12

MP=SP

AJS +2

LDL -3

NEG

-7

STL +1

SP=MP

STR MP

-7

STS -2

AJS -1

Methode met lokale variabelen

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDR MP

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ int a, b; a = -x; ……}

m:

12

MP=SP

AJS +2

LDL -3

NEG

-7

STL +1

SP=MP

STR MP

-7

STS -2

AJS -1

RET

Methode met lokale variabelen

Method-aanroepR0

R1

R2

R3

R4

PC

SP

MP

LDC 7

LDC 12

BSR m

LDR MP

Method-definitie

m(7, 12);

void m(int x, int y){ int a, b; a = -x; ……}

m:

12

MP=SP

AJS +2

LDL -3

NEG

-7

STL +1

SP=MP

STR MP

-7

STS -2

AJS -1

RET

Methode met n parameters en k lokale variabelen

Creëer ruimte voor lokalen Bewaar oude MP MP wijst naar stukje stack

Gebruik variabelen in de body Parameters Lokale variabelen

Opruimen Lokale variabelen Parameters

LDR MP

MP=SP

AJS +k

LDL –(n+1)LDL –2

LDL +1 LDL +k

STR MP

SP=MP

STS –n

AJS –(n-1) RET

LINK k

UNLINK

Methoden met een resultaat

Laat het resultaat achter op de stack(nog meer gepruts bij het opruimen)

Laat het resultaat achter in R3

òf