educational mobility in nepal

Basant Lamsal

M. Phil. Educational Leadership

1st Semester, 2016

EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY INNEPAL

WHAT IS EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY?

• Mobility = movement

• Educational mobility = movement of

educated people from less economically

advanced areas to more economically

advanced areas

EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY = BRAIN DRAIN

• ‘High-skilled migration from poorer to wealthier countries, commonly referred to as “brain drain”, is viewed with significant unease due to the vital role played by human capital in economic growth and development processes.’ (Özden & Phillips, 2015)

• ‘The term “Brain drain” is used when highly trained or qualified workers move from nation of origin to other nation usually for better pay or living conditions. Migration of technical personnel or brain drain is also known as “The human capital flight”.’ (Baral & Sapkota, 2015)

PRESENT SCENARIO OF EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY IN NEPAL

•Internal mobility from rural areas to the center or capital

• External mobility to other countries (big problem and focus in this

presentation)

•Roughly 1,200 Nepalese leave the country every day

•Estimated 300,000 youth leave Nepal every year

•“This place is always crowded with people wanting to

go abroad,” says Kamala Thapa, a security guard at

the ministry of education. (edusanjal)

REASONS FOR EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY

• Career ambitions

• higher living standards

• Better employment opportunities with better income

• Education

• a luring western lifestyle

• stability and security

• “Push” factors (Supply) and “Pull” factors (Demand) (Baral & Sapkota, 2015)

• Quota and reservations for certain communities

• Pressure from family, friends, colleagues…

BRAIN DRAIN OR BRAIN GAIN?

•‘highly educated workers generate positive

externalities for society and these are

lost when they emigrate’ (Özden & Schiff, 2006)

• ‘the brain drain side of globalization creates

winners and losers’ (Docquier & Rapoport,2011)

EFFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY

The Welfare Characteristics of Migrantso Remittance and reducing povertyo Improvement in lifestyleo Educationo Gaining new knowledge and skillso Compensate for lack of resourceso ‘An educated Diaspora reduce the information

asymmetry between origin and destination countries, which may favor trade (Gould 1994) and foreign capital inflow.’ (Cattaneo, 2008)


The Spillover Characteristics form Migrant to

Non-Migrant

o Remittance worsening poverty

o Consumption multiplier / consumerism (Cattaneo,

2008)


• devastating consequences leading to loss of health

workers in the nation (Baral & Sapkota, 2015)

• Irreplaceable loss of skilled manpower

• Familial ties severed

• Cultural distancing

• Great loss for the country’s investment

WHAT CAN BE DONE TO BENEFIT FROM EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY?

•Creating better and up to date education system

•Providing enough opportunities to the human capital

produced within the nation

•Forming dynamic human resource policies to ensure the

return of the expatriates

CONCLUSION

• Educational mobility, esp. to other nations, and the

resultant brain drain is counterproductive to the

nation.

• But if proper human resource policies are formed,

brain drain can be turned in to brain gain.

REFERENCES

Baral1, R. Sapkota, S. (2015). Factors influencing migration among Nepalese nurses. Journal of chitwan medical college, 5

(12), 25-29. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v5i2.13151

Brain Drain Increases in Nepal Amidst Few Opportunities for Students and Professionals : Retrieved from http://

edusanjal.com/blog/brain-drain-increases-in-nepal-amidst-few-opportunities-for-students-and- professionals

#sthash.2o1kKJtj.dpuf

Cattaneo, C. International Migration, the Brain Drain and Poverty: A Cross Country Analysis

http://www.cespri.unibocconi.it

Docquier, F. & Rapoport, H. (2011). Globalization, Brain Drain and Development Discussion Paper No. 5590

Özden, Ç. & Phillips, D. (2015). What really is Brain Drain? Location of Birth, Education, and Migration Dynamics

of African Doctors. Retrieved from http://www.knomad.org/docs/working_papers/Knomad%20Working%

20Paper%204%20Brain%20Drain%20African%20Doctors.pdf

Özden, Ç. & Schiff, M. (Eds.). (2006). International migration, remittances, and the brain drain. Washington DC:

World Bank and Palgrave Macmillan

http://edusanjal.com/blog/brain-drain-increases-in-nepal-amidst-few-opportunities-for-students-and-

http://edusanjal.com/blog/brain-drain-increases-in-nepal-amidst-few-opportunities-for-students-and-

http://edusanjal.com/blog/brain-drain-increases-in-nepal-amidst-few-opportunities-for-students-and-professionals#sthash.2o1kKJtj.dpuf

http://www.knomad.org/docs/working_papers/Knomad%20Working%20Paper%204%20Brain%20Drain

THANKS FOR BEARING WITH ME!!!

Any Questions???