education systems pakistan

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EDUCATION System inEDUCATION System inPakistanPakistan

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5 December , 20085 December , 2008


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PART - I

Constitution of Pakistan

Organization & Functions

PART II

Education Scenario

Financing

Education Policy

Other Programmes

Contents

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Constitution of Pakistan

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Constitutionofthe Islamic Republic of

Pakistan, 1973 Article 37-b

The State shall remove illiteracy and

provide free and compulsory secondary

education within minimum possibleperiod

Concurrent Legislative List:Curriculum, syllabus, planning, policy,

centres of excellence, standard ofeducation & Islamic education

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F

unctions andOrganizations

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Major Functions of Ministry of EducationUnder Rules of Business 1973

National policies, plans and programmes in education.Development of curricula and textbooks.

International aspects of education.

External examinations. Equivalence of degrees and diplomas. Education in the Capital, Federally Administered Areas and

AJ&K.

Financial assistance to educationists and men of letters.

National libraries. Boy Scouts and Girl Guides.

Welfare of Pakistani students abroad and foreign students inPakistan.

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International exchange of students and teachers.

Foreign studies and training. International assistance. Administration of Selective Federal educational institutions.

Act No. X of 1976 provides for Federalsupervision of curricula, textbooks and

maintenance of standards of education.

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Millennium Development Goals

(2001)

1. Ensuring that by 2015 all children,particularly girls, children in difficultcircumstances and those belonging to ethnicminorities, have access to and complete free

and compulsory primaryeducation of goodquality

2. Eliminating gender disparities in primary and

secondary education by 2005, and achievinggender equality in education by 2015, with afocus on ensuring girls full and equal accessto and achievement in basic education ofgood quality

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Functions of Administration Wing

Recruitment / appointments / promotions / transfers / grant ofleave and pension to employees of main Ministry.

Rules and regulations for appointments, promotions, transfersetc. in main Ministry.

Maintenance of CR dossiers / ICP Charts / declaration of assets

of officers of Ministry.

Disciplinary cases, Courts and Wafaqi Mohtasib cases.

Administrative and financial matters of Federal Board ofIntermediate and Secondary Education and Pakistan NationalCommission for UNESCO, Inter Board Committee of Chairmen,Islamabad.

Administrative matters / budget of Education Division.

Processing of release of funds and reconciliation of expenditure.

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Functions of Administration Wing

Public Accounts Committee, Departmental Accounts Committee,Audit observations and Internal Audits.

Business relating to the Parliament / Cabinet and other organs ofState.

Follow-up of Presidents and Prime Ministers Directives.

Inter-Ministerial and Intra-Ministerial Coordination.

Redressal of public grievances relating to Ministry and itsorganizations.

Matters pertaining to Pakistan Boys Scouts Association and

Pakistan Girls Guides Association. Presidential Awards i.e. Izaz-i-Kamal, Izaz-i-Fazeelat and Izaz-i-

Sabqat etc.

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Functions of Policy & Planning Wing

Formulation of National Policies, Plans and Programs.

Process all development schemes (DDWP, CDWP, ECNEC).

Organize Inter-Provincial Education Secretaries/Ministers'meetings.

Prepare and monitor implementation of PSDP, Medium TermPlan (MTP) and Perspective Plan (PP).

Coordinate release of funds with Finance Div., Planning &Development Div. and AGPR.

Monitoring and evaluating education sector expenditures.

Assist and coordinate with Provincial Education, Finance andPlanning Departments and District Governments to developeducation sector plans.

Collection of statistics.

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Functions of Policy & Planning Wing

Surveys and research studies. Laison with development partners, within government and

foreign donors and institutions.

Negotiate external economic assistance.

Prepare reports for media, budget speech, EconomicSurvey, year book etc.

Disseminate government policies, plans, and programsamong all development partners and stakeholders.

Develop and Maintain Ministrys website.

Oversee functioning of Academy for Educational Planningand Management.

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Functions of Curriculum Wing

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Curriculum Wing has been empowered through FederalSupervision of Curricula, Textbooks and Maintenance ofStandards of Education Act, 1976:

To prepare or cause to be prepared [1] schemes of studies,

[2] curricula, [3] manuscripts of textbooks and [4] schedulesor strategy for their introduction in accordance with theeducation policy..

To approve manuscripts of textbooks produced by otheragencies before they are prescribed.

To direct any person or agency to delete, amend or withdrawany portion, or the whole, of the curriculum, textbook orreference material.


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Functions of Projects Wing

Monitoring of projects.

Collaboration between FIUs & PIUs.

Interact with donor agencies/partners/stakeholders.

Evaluation of projects.

Management and release of project funds.

Implementation of various projects (GoP and foreignfunded).

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Functions of Training Wing

Teacher Training and Education-In-service and Pre-service

Training Programmes in collaboration with donors agencies. Science Olympiads and fairs in collaboration with Intel and

universities etc.

Foreign and local scholarships.

International Cooperation and Cultural Exchange Programs.

Coordination / NOC to foreign students for admission in Pakistanon self finance.

Management of educational institutions in ICT.

Administrative, financial and legal matters of followinginstitutions:

National Institute of Science and Technical Education,Islamabad

Federal Directorate of Education, Islamabad

Federal College of Education, Islamabad

Polytechnic Institute for Women, Islamabad

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Functions of Training Wing

National Education Foundation, Islamabad

National Museum of Science and Technical Education, Lahore

Colombo Plan Staff College, Manila, Philippine

Technical Panel on Teacher Education, Islamabad

Dawood College of Engineering and Technology, Karachi

National College of Arts, Lahore

Sindh Madressah-tul-Islam, Karachi

Department of Libraries

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Functions of Monitoring & Evaluation Cell

To monitor induction of modern education in Madaris and theworking of NGOs.

To improve working of various organizations by suggestingmeasures based on performance.

To identify areas in which performance has been unsatisfactory,

alongwith suggestions for improvement. Keep Secretary / Minister informed on proper observance and

implementation of procedures in various departments,particularly financial discipline.

Monitor and prevent losses due to fraud, misappropriation,

pilferage, misuse and theft. Keep Secretary / Minister informed of any activities prejudicial

to the public interest and state of discipline and morale ofstudents and employees.

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Pakistan Chairs Abroad1. Quaid-e-Azam Distinguished Professorship at Columbia University,

USA.2. Quaid-e-Azam Studies Chair, University of California, Berkeley,

USA.

3. Quaid-e-Azam Fellowship, Cambridge University, UK.

4. Allama Iqbal Fellowship, Cambridge University, UK.

5. Allama Iqbal Fellowship, Humboldt University, Germany.

6. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Al-Azhar University, Cairo,Egypt.

7. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Ain Shams University, Cairo,Egypt.

8. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Kazakh Albai KhanUniversity of International Relations and World Languages,Almaty, Kazakhistan.

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9. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Ankara University, Turkey.10. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Tehran University, Iran.

11. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies, Tribhuvan University,Katmandu, Nepal.

12. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Jordan University,Amman.

13. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Peking University,Beijing, China.

14. Chair in Urdu and Pakistan Studies at Bapist University, HongKong.

15. Allama Iqbal Research chair in Urdu and Arabic, King SaudiUniversity, Saudi Arabia.

Pakistan Chairs Abroad

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2121

1. Central Asia, University of Peshawar, Peshawar.

2. South Asia, University of the Punjab, Lahore.

3. Far East and South East Asia, University of Sindh.

4. Europe, University of Karachi, Karachi.

5. Middle East and Arab Countries, University of Balochistan,

Quetta.

6. Africa, North and South America, Quaid-e-Azam University,Islamabad.

Area Study Centres For:

Pakistan Study Centres at Universities of Punjab,

Sindh, Karachi, Peshawar, Quetta & Q. A. University

Shaikh Zayed Islamic Centres, University of Punjab,Karachi & Peshawar.


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1. Psychology Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad.2. Mineralogy University of Balochistan, Quetta.

3. Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro.

4. Water Resources Engineering University of Engineering andTechnology, Lahore.

5. Arts & Design Mehran University of Engineering andTechnology, Jamshoro.

6. Marine Biology University of Karachi, Karachi.

7. History and Culture Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad.

8. Molecular Biology University of the Punjab, Lahore.

9. Gender Studies Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad.

10. Geology University of Peshawar, Peshawar.

11. Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar, Peshawar.

12. Solid State Physics University of the Punjab, Lahore.

Centres of Excellence

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PART IIEDUCATION SCENARIO

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Country

Ranking

(out of 177 countries)

2005 2006 2007

Iran 99 96 94

Sri Lanka 93 93 99Maldives 96 98 100

India 127 126 128

Bhutan 134 135 133

Pakistan 135 134 136

Bangladesh 139 137 140

Nepal 136 138 142

Human Development Index

Source: Human DevelopmentReports, 2005-06 & 2007-08, UNDP2424


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Sources: PakistanSocialand LivingStandard Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2006-07

67%

48%

67%

42%

22%

58%

28%

67%

58%

47%

42%

55%

Literacy Rates

Pakistan: 55%

Male: 67%

Female: 42%

The ability of a personwho can read a

newspaper and write a

simple letter in any

language

Literacy Definition(As in 1998 Census)

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Educational Institutions by Level

Level Total Public Private

Pre-primary1,081 287 794

Mosque school 14,123 14,035 88

Primary 122,349 105,526 16,823

Middle 38,449 14,334 24,115

Secondary 25,090 10,550 14,540

British System 281 11 270

NFBE 4,831 2,008 2,823

Inter & Degree Colleges 1,882 1,025 857

Universities 116 59 57

Technical/ Professional 1257 426 831

Vocational 3,059 916 2,143

Deeni Madaris 12,153 354 11,799

Others 3,120 2,241 879

TOTAL 227,791 151,772

(67%)

76,019

(33%)Source: National Education Census 2006, GoP

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Institutions by Medium ofInstruction

Type# of

InstitutionsUrdu English Sindhi Others

Total 227,791 148065

(65%)

22779

(10%)

34168

(15%)

22779

(10%)

Public 151,744 103,186(68%)

3,035(2%)

33,384(22%)

12,139(8%)

Private 76,047 43,347(57%)

21,293(28%)

1,521(2%)

9,886(13%)

Source: National Education Census 2006, GoP 2727


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No.ofInstitutions, Enrolment, TeachingStaff

Area

Educational

InstitutionsCovered

Non-

Functional

Enrolment

(Million)

Teaching

Staff

Pakistan 227,791 12,737 33.5 1,356,802

Punjab 110,459 2,742 18.3 716,768

Sindh 51,006 3442 6.6 290,749

NWFP 37,761 1,781 5.2 198,893

Balochistan 10,986 306 1.1 50,893

ICT 1,189 23 0.4 19,387

FATA 5,145 123 0

.6 22,079

NorthernArea

3,977 128 0.4 15,196

AJK 7,268 192 0.9 42,837

Source: National Education Census (NEC), 2006

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Deeni Madaris (Enrolment and Teaching Staff)

Area No.

CoveredNo. of

RefusalsNo. forwhich Data

CollectedEnrolment Teaching

Staff

Pakistan 12,979 826 12,153 1,549,242 58,391

Punjab 5,459 159 5,300 674,281 24,977

Sindh 1,935 119 1,816 312,693 11,951

NWFP 2,843 275 2,568 336,983 12,058

Balochistan 769 99 670 65,597 2,891

ICT 77 15 62 10,557 657

FATA 135 43 92 14,162 481

FANA 1,193 39 1,154 88,540 3,160

AJK 568 77 491 46,429 2,216


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Drop-out Rates

Class 11-12

Class 9-10

Class 6- 8

Class 1-5

0.076

1.311

3.074

12.480

Enrolment1999-2000

Dropouts

1999-2000

Dropouts

2004-05

0.708

1.479

3.323

14.829

30.14%

22.41%

24.5%

53.0%

0.023

0.294

0.753

6.614

15.7%

15.68%

15.9%

31.3%

0.111

0.232

0.528

4.641

Total: 16.941 Million Total: 7.684 Million Total: 5.512 MillionTotal: 20.339 Million

Total children eligible for enrolment (5-16): 44.340 million

Children who did not enroll (5-16): 24.001 million

Enrolment

2004-05

Class 11-12

Class 9-10

Class 6- 8

Class 1-5

Source: 1. National Institute of Population Studies, 2004-05, 2. NEMIS, M/o Education.3131


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No Boundary

Wall

No Drinking

WaterNo Electricity No Toilet No Building

53,481

(33%)

46,766

(29%)

81,633

(50%) 9,776

(6%)

57,216

(35%)

PAKISTANM

issing Facilities


Total schools upto Middle level160,798

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Public Schools in Union Councils

Pakistan Punjab Sindh NWFP Baloch. AJK FANA

Number of

UnionCouncils

6,438 3,446 1,108 998 567 196 111

No. ofUnionCouncilswithoutBoys HighSchool

2,080

(32%)

1,170

(34%)

386

(35%)

247

(25%)

225

(40%)

20

(10%)

32

(29%)

No. ofUnionCouncilswithout GirlsHigh School

3,919

(61%)

2,014

(58%)

780

(70%)

619

(62%)

374

(66%)

45

(23%)

87

(78%)

No. ofUnionCouncilswithoutBoys HigherSec. School

5,880

(91%)

3,215

(93%)

993

(90%)

816

(82%)

567

(100%)

178

(91%)

111

(100%)

No. of

UnionCouncil

6,053 3,243 1,046 911 567 175 1113333


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Computer and Science Labs in High Schools

Punjab Sindh NWFP Baloch.Total

Pakistan

Totalnumber of

high schools

13,152 4,608 2,723 670 21,153

WithoutComputerLabs

4,030

(31%)

1,362

(29%)

1,256

(46%)

476

(71%)

7,124

(34%)

WithoutScience labs

1,527

(12%)

832

(18%)

511

(19%)

356

(53%)

3,226

(15%)WithoutScienceTeachers

1,143

(9%)---

247

(9%)

86

(13%)

1,476

(7%)

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Financing

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Financing

Year Recurring Development Total% of

GDP

Private

Sector

% of

GDP*

2000-01 69.5 6.4 75.9 1.82% 16.8 2.22%

2001-02 70.4 8.5 78.9 1.79% 22.0 2.28%

2002-03 79.5 10.4 89.9 1.86% 26.3 2.41%

2003-04 94.3 30.0 124.3 2.20% 31.1 2.75%

2004-05 106.6 33.3 139.9 2.13% 36.0 2.67%

2005-06 128.9 41.9 170.8 2.21% 40.7 2.74%

2006-07 160.0 56.6 216.6 2.48% 45.5 2.96%

2007-08 191.0 65.0 256.0 2.44%

(Rs. billion)

* % of GDP including Private sector budget.

Source: Demands for grants, Budget books of Govt. of Punjab, Sindh, NWFP,

Balochistan & AJ&K. Federal Ministries/Divisions, District Governments. 3636


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EDUCATION BUDGET AS % AGE OFGDP (2005-06): SOUTH ASIA

Country Percentage

Iran 4.7

India 3.8

Bangladesh 2.4

Maldives 7.5

Nepal 3.4

Pakistan 2.21 (05-06)

2.44(07-08)

Source: EFA Global Monitoring Report 2008

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Challenges

Weakened Governance

Fragmentation Lack of Clarity in Inter-Tier Relationships

Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers Quality of curriculum, textbooks & exams Low level of literacy Out of school children Dropouts Public Private Partnership In-adequate financing Gender Equity Poor monitoring & evaluation Imbalance in primary, middle & secondary schools Inconvenient school location

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SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONALEDUCATION POLICY

Universal and Free Primary and Secondary Education Promotion of Equity

Minimum National Standards

Relevance to LabourMarket

Sector Planning

Financial allocation of7% of GDP by 2018

Encourage Private sector

Link Allocations to Definition of Free Education

Improve Planning,Management and Implementation

Capacity

Donor Harmonisation

Overcoming Fragmented Governance4040Continue


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Bridging the Public Private Divide

Improved Examination System Introduction of Early Childhood Education (3-5 years) &

inclusive education.

Achieve the MDG goals.

All Primary schools shall be upgraded to Middle level Well developed plan for expanding school facilities.

High priority to reducing drop out rates

Improved school environment

Career Counselling at higher secondary level

Develop national literacy curriculum

Enhance qualifications for employment as teachers

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i.

Highlights of New Scheme of Studies:

a.a. Islamiat as an integrated subject in Classes I-II.Full-fledged subject from Classes III to XII. Ethics

for non-Muslims.b. Advanced Islamic Studies in Classes IX-XII as an

elective subject.

c. General Science compulsory from Classes IV-VIII.d. Pakistan Studies compulsory upto Class-X. Advance

Pakistan Studies as Elective for Classes XI & XII.

1. Policy Reforms Undertaken

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ii. Review of Curriculum:

a. Curriculum being updated in view of newScheme of Studies, challenges of modernworld and job market.

b. Curriculum for 24 core subjects notified.Implementation from 2009. Total subjects 81.

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iii. New Textbook Policy:

Main features are:

improved quality of education through qualitytextbooks at affordable prices,

competitive publishing of textbooks by public& private publishers,

textbook boards will become facilitating &

regulating authorities. Will approve textbooks. controversial material (cultural, religious,

ethnic) shall not be included in textbooks.

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to improve quality of education atelementary level.

to develop capacity in educationassessment.

to measure learning achievements ofstudents in grades IV and VIII.

Based on test results, educationsystem being rehashed.

iv. National Education AssessmentSystem (NEAS)

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v. Examination System:

a. Centralized Examination System.

b. Question papers will have 3 parts:

i. 20% objective.

ii. 50% short answers.

iii. 30% descriptive answers. Choice reduced to 33%.

Papers based on curriculum, not textbooks.

Teachers being trained to prepare children fornew pattern.

c.c. Grace marks reduced from 11 to 3 in max of 2Grace marks reduced from 11 to 3 in max of 2subjects.subjects.

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vii. Governance Reforms

a. Inter-Provincial Education Ministers' (IPEM)Conference, for uniformity at national level.

b. Colleges & Technical education schoolswithdrawn from Districts and placed under

Provinces.

c. Introduction of Prep (ECE) Class.

d. Regulatory Authority for private educational

institutions in Islamabad.e. Uniform academic session from 2009.

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f. All schools Bilingual. English and Urdu compulsory

from Class-1 onwards.

g. English as medium of instruction for Science, Math

and Computer Science. Islamiat, Pak Studies in

Urdu in all schools.

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education systems pakistan

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