education report final

A Report on

Education in IndiaStatus and Opportunities

Prepared By :Fortress Education Team

Status of Education in INDIA

• Play School and Pre School Education• Elementary Education• Secondary Education• Higher Education• Vocational Education

Opportunities and Role for Private Players

• Opportunities for Service Providers• Public Private Partnership (PPP)• Support Services in Education Sector• Indian Education Sector: A Snapshot

Contents:

Status of Education in INDIA

• Lack of any regulatory mechanism for Play School – Pre School Segment • Population under the age group of 2-6 years is 10-11 Cr ( 9 -10 %)• Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) in pre-school segment is as low as 18% @

Present Status

• Rising awareness about the significance of early education for child development and maintaining high enrolment and retention rates in primary education

• Majority of the Play School and Pre School market is concentrated in Urban Areas

Current Trends

• Organised pre school market is dominated by private players a few of them are Kidzee, Eurokids, Treehouse

• The current urban market size is estimated to be Rs 6000 Cr

Market Size and Players

Source : Fortress Team Research

Play School and Pre School Education

1

2

@ at government pre schools`

The Positives ……• Participation: Rapid improvement in enrollment

rates, at least in primary schools• Equity: Social disparity which was very high till

90’s has been reduced significantly.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) gets most of the credit for the improvements in Elementary Education

The Problem Areas ……..• Drop out rates : 48 % in elementary Education (std I- VIII) mainly because of socio-economic reasons• Regional disparity: States like Bihar, UP are way behind

in terms of GER, Drop outs..( Cont..)

Present Status

Elementary Education (Std I-VIII)

2

3

4

• Quality of Education:oPratham’s ASER survey: 60% of

children aged 7 to 12 cannot read a simple Para(Pratham is a reputed NGO working towards education in India)

The Problem Areas ……. ( Cont..)

• Infrastructure: o Low PTR and teacher absenteeismo 24% Schools in India do not have

proper school buildingo 8 % schools Lack drinking water

facilities

Source: DISE, MHRD

5

6

5

Source : Fortress Team Research, DISE, MHRD and Presentation by Mr. Amit Kaushik UNDP Workshop on MDGs And Human Development Lucknow 2006

Overall Performance

Aspects Better Performing States Slow Performing States

Gross enrolment ratio (GER) Rajasthan, Delhi , Maharashtra, Uttarakhand

Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Nagaland

Drop out rates Kerala , Goa, Haryana, Himachal, Assam, Bihar, Mizoram, Meghalaya

Teacher appointments Andhra Pradesh, J&K, Orissa, UP W.Bengal, MP

Teacher training Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Assam, Tamil Nadu

Bihar, Maharashtra, Arunachal Pradesh

Construction of school buildings Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan W. Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand

Construction of additional classrooms Gujarat, Karnataka, Assam, AP Chattisgarh, UP, Manipur

% of Expenditure on Education & Training of total Budget

Assam, Maharashtra, Bihar Delhi J&K, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh

Access: Number of secondary Schools are almost half the number of Upper primary schools available in the country Equity: Most secondary students are boys, and disproportionately from urban areas and wealthier segments of the population.

Financing: While India has pursued the drive towards universal elementary education, since 2000 the share of investment financing for secondary education has declined significantly.

The problem areas …..

Participation: At the lower secondary level (grades 9 and 10), the gross enrollment rate (GER) is 52 %, while at the senior secondary level (grade 11 and 12) it is just 28 % (2005-06).

Success of SSA has resulted in a pull effect on Secondary Education System Secondary Education is an important foundation for vocational / higher education Hence expansion of Secondary Education is important for the development of any Nation

Source: Fortress Team Research

Secondary Education (Std IX-XII)

8

Quality : Assessments of student achievement in mathematics by at the secondary and senior secondary level suggest that the quality of instruction and learning is very low. (Source ASER report)

7

Current Trends

• Enrolment in Government schools has decreased in last decades. There is a trend in Urban as well as rural areas to opt for private education

• Sharp increase is expected in the demand for secondary education in coming decade. (Actual And Projected Demand is shown in Graph)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1999-00

2001-02

2003-04

2005-06

2007-08

2009-10

2011-12

2013-14

2015-16

2017-18

2019-20

Mil

lio

ns

of

Stu

den

ts

Total Demand

Lower Secondary

Senior Secondary

Market Size and Players

• Share of Private Institutions in Indian School Education is, Primary 7%, Upper Primary 21%, Secondary 32% • Annual private market size for the segment I to XII is estimated at Rs 22-26k Cr• With growth being expected in private unaided institutions the market should witness

encouraging growth

Source: Presentation by Sam Carlson Education consultant (World Bank)


Actual and Projected Demand for Secondary Education

• Public classroom and school construction, especially in rural areas where private suppliers are unlikely to venture;

• Training and hiring of more teachers, and rationalizing their deployment, so that supply better matches demand;

• Investments in curriculum revision, progressive pedagogy, technology and examination reforms, to make schooling more relevant

• Provide financial and in-kind assistance for poor and disadvantaged students, to offset direct and indirect costs of schooling, and overcome household reluctance to send their children (especially girls) to school;

• Public information campaigns to change attitudes about the benefits of schooling and delayed marriages

• Programs to improve the internal efficiency and quality of Secondary education, so as to increase the number and quality of graduates; example programs like SSA

• Promoting ICTs, so that students can take greater control of their learning and skills acquisition from sources other than the teacher and textbook.


Policy Level Initiatives

Government Initiatives

What needs to be done…

Present StatusThe positives……• 348 universities, 17625 colleges, >500,000 teachers; 10.5 million students; • Third largest number of graduates after US & China. • Professional education in English medium • Growing rapidly; Covers all major disciplines;


Higher Education (beyond XII)

9

10

Weakness…..• Low enrolment (13% -2006 )• Regulatory system is over centralized; • Lack of institutional autonomy and accountability still it fails to maintain standards.• Unplanned expansion • Variable quality; market mismatch; • Little knowledge creation– little interaction with economy, society and other academic/ research

institutions• Limited access and regional disparity (80% of technical educational institutions are concentrated in

4 states of MH, AP, TN, KR) • Diminishing and skewed public funding (0.6 % of GDP in 2006)

Increasing Access and Reducing Regional Imbalances Empowerment and Accountability of Institutions

Academic, Administrative, Financial, Managerial Improving Quality and Effectiveness

Quality and effectiveness of teaching learning processes Faculty development Curriculum reforms

Networking to Enhance Capacity, Improve Quality and Produce Excellence Networking of institutions with each other, with R&D labs, industry and service

sector Resource sharing of expertise, facilities

Mobilization of Additional Financial Resources Encourage private funding

Source: Research Paper by Shashi Shrivastava, Education Consultant , World Bank

What needs to be done…

Need for making Indian higher education globally competitive not only for seizing opportunity for global trade in higher education services ($30 billion last year), but to corner a larger share of fast growing international trade in professional services ($270 billion last year) – higher education feeds into growth of professional services

• Vocational education is very important for building skilled workforce to meet growing demand of a developing country.

• Percentage of students applying for vocational education in India is less than 20% compared to developed countries where it is more than 50 % .

• Gov ITIs and private ICTs offer 1 1 0 courses under conventional vocational education including engineering and non engineering courses

ISSUE

Action taken

Bottlenecks

Suggestions

Role of private players in ITI

Scheme for up-gradation

Scheme Structuring,

Review of schemes

Embedding with Formal Education

State: Option AvailableCentral : scheme in progress

Low awareness, Non Up-gradation

Invite views of private players, Appoint PMC

Up-gradation of courses

No specific action

Not updated as per the industry requirements

Inputs from industry professionals

Conventional Vocational Education


Vocational Education

After economic liberalization the contribution of service sector as a percentage of GDP has increased from 34 % in early 90’s to 56% in 2008.

This has triggered the need for trained manpower leading to flourishing of various private vocational institutes.

In the recent times it has expanded into fields like Finance, Retail, Animation, Hospitality, Media, Aviation etc.

The current market size of private vocational training is estimated as Rs 5k-6k Cr

Comparing Govt. run conventional training and private vocational trainingConventional Training Private Training

Gov Intervention Government controlled /run Lesser/No Gov intervention

Profit Motive Not for profit For profit

Penetration Deep but highly under utilized Urban Areas, optimum utilization

Streams Offered Welding, turning (total 110) IT, Finance, Retail, Media, Animation

Up gradation of courses Less/ no up gradation Frequent up gradation

Quality Infrastructure Basic and inadequate Advanced and adequate

Linkage with industry Lesser tuning with the industry Designed as per industry requirement

Job Orientation Yes, low key jobs Yes, medium-top end jobs


New Trends in Vocational Education & Market Size

Opportunities and Role for Private Players

• Teachers training Institutes

India has a shortage of around 10-12 Lac teachers in all forms of education. Which means the demand for teachers training and retraining is going to increase in coming years

• Setting up Play schools

With increasing awareness & no regulatory mechanism in place play schools is one of the most lucrative business

• Setting up Universities & Private Colleges .

As per the National Knowledge Commission report to raise the GER in Higher education to 15 % by 2020 India will need 1500 Universities and cluster of colleges affiliated to them.

• Private Open Universities and Distance education

Popular among young workers / professionals who want to pursue further education. The trend is growing in India

Case Study : Manipal Universal Learning

(Cont…)

Opportunities for Service Providers

Background It is the corporate entity of the Manipal Education Group. Manipal University is a Deemed university in Karnataka, India since

1993 Sikkim Manipal University, an open university under the Sikkim Govt.

Courses Offered Various programmes in the areas of medicine, engineering,

information sciences, allied health sciences, biotechnology, dental, etc

Online MBA programmes. Potential for industry-academia collaborations by establishing ICICI-

Manipal Academy Offers distance education courses through 550 Learning Centers

Revenue Gross revenues of Rs814 Cr . Sponsor-funding $30m from IDFC

Private Equity and $40m from Capital International. 70% of the domestic revenues from services to SMU

Has acquired a stake in U21 Global (revenues of $4.2m) Program for engineering through its International Centre for Applied

Sciences (ICAS)

Domestic OperationsRs395 crore

Distance Education: Rs281 crore

Meritrac: Rs53 crore (88%)

Corporate Training: ICICI Manipal: Rs35 crore

Professional Skills: Rs7 crore

International Center for applied science: Rs12 crore

Treasury Income: Rs8 crore

Revenues FY 09 Case Study: Manipal Universal Learning

Source: SSKI report, Fortress Team Research

UGC

SMU

MUL

LC

STUDENT

Payments

Service

• Defines Eligibility• Defines Curriculum• Approves programmes with appropriate Certification• Admits Students• Conducts Exams• Award Degrees

• Creates Awareness• Appoints LCs• Develops Content• Supports admission process• Mails course material• Supports in hiring faculty• Supports student placement

• Provides infrastructure at local level• Local faculty support for counseling & tutoring• Supports placements

Source: SSKI report, Fortress Team Research

Sikkim Manipal Manipal Universal: Fund Flow

• ICT and E- learning in Education

It is a sunrise Industry in India. Increase in Computer Infrastructure , internet users and broadband penetration in last decade means ICT & e learning industry is expected to grow in near future.

Case Study : Educomp Ltd Largest provider of technology education products and services for K-12

students. Reaches out to over 21,000 schools It leverages its strong understanding of the technology and education needs

of schools(Public & Private) to deliver high quality, cost effective products.

Pre-schoolsPrivate Schools

Smart ClassICT Solutions

Products

• Smart Class: Builds IT infrastructure for private schools and licenses the digital

curriculum content Incurs the initial expenditure in return of which it receives revenues for

the next 5 years

Business Model

FY06 FY07 FY080

50100150200250300

53.7112.2

276.9Sales (Rs Crore)

Smart Class49%

ICT36%

Retail & Counseling 6%

Prof. Development 10%

Source: Annual Reports


• ICT Segment Builds IT infrastructure for government schools on BOOT model Incurs the upfront expenditure and receives quarterly payment for

services rendered

• Vocational Training Institutes

As Discussed there is a huge scope for private Vocational Training Institutes in areas like IT, Media, Hospitality, Aviation etc

Case Study: NIIT Ltd

Started as an IT training provider, expanded to Finance, school (ICT), corporate training etc

Works on a franchise model Setting up university in the current

yearFY06 FY07 FY08

450.7

795.11006.8

Sales (Rs Crore)

IT 54%

Schools8%

Corpo-rate35%

Finance3%

Source: www.niit.com


Courses School Learning Solutions Individual Solutions Corporate solutions

Target Customer School children Young adults Working professionals

Value Preposition Academics Employability Productivity

Customer School Individual Corporate

Coverage Multimedia LearningTeacher Training

IT/BFSI/Spoken English, Management education

Learning productsTraining delivery & Admin

Geographical Coverage

India India + emerging economies`

India + USA + Europe

• Coaching Classes and Competitive Test Preparation

Private coaching for curriculum and for competitive exam centre is a booming business expected to be worth Rs 8k – 9k Cr

• Franchise Investor

Right to operate business

Franchise owner

Franchisee

Franchisee investorProfit/Loss in the business

Franchisee Fee

Franchise Model and Role of Franchise Investor



Public Private Partnership (PPP) Opportunities in Education

( Innovative public-private partnership models take advantage of existing underutilized capacity in the public sector and induce a supply response to expand that capacity. Representative models could be… )

Reinstate Infra. and use separate

floor area for Private and

public training purposes

For Existing Infrastructure

Reinstate Infra. Impart training

on different rates for Private

Students and Recommended

students

Prerequisites of a bidder:

• Experience of Training Institute in various levels • Experience of handling students in large

volumes

Bidder can be an Education Institute

Government to offer:

• Present Infrastructure • Right to use part of the infrastructure for

Training on commercial rates

To Create New Infrastructure

Package 2 plots1: Education

Infra2: Commercial

Infra


• Experience of Training Institute in various levels • Experience of Building activities

Bidder can be a JV between Institute & Real estate Developer


• Plot of land to develop School Infrastructure • Plot of Land / FSI for Commercial FSI

Build school & use different

floors for Public and private

training purposes

To Create New Infrastructure

Package 2 plots1: Education

Infra2: Commercial

Infra


• Experience of Training Institute in various levels • Experience of Building activities

Bidder can be a JV between Institute & Real estate Developer


• Plot of land to develop School Infrastructure • Plot of Land / FSI for Commercial FSI


CASE STUDY : Contracting out (failing) state schools

BMC runs 1171 Primary and 49 Secondary Schools in Mumbai Region Over the years enrolment is BMC schools is declining (for primary schools 4,85,000 in 2005-06

to 4,25,000 in 08-09and for secondary schools 55000 in 2005-06 to 43000 in 08-09) Decrease in enrolment of BMC schools has resulted in Shutting down of around 17 primary

schools in last three years. The Major reason being lack of facilities and quality in BMC run Schools PPP model can be developed whereby the underutilized School Infrastructure can be used in a

better way BMC

There are 1171 Primary and 49

Secondary Schools run by BMC in

Mumbai

Private Schools

Low EnrollmentSchools on the verge

of closure Good Infrastructure

Facilities

Trends of High Enrollment in Private Schools

High Spending on Salaries &

Infrastructure

Pays Rent to BMC

Leased Out

High Student Fees



Case Study : Schools run by BMC in Mumbai

Open Schooling

Why Open Schooling?

• Improvement in enrolment at Up primary and Secondary level

• Drop out rate: 25% (I-V), 49% (I-VIII), 62% (I-X)• Laborers migrate along with

families, for their children attending schools is difficult

Present Status

Open Schooling

Promotion From

Government as alternative

schools

Bridge Schools: Sakhar Shala, Bhatti Shala

Role of Private Players, NGOsConcept Development and Project Management

Funding

Actual Drop outs in India (12 Cr Appox)



TOTAL - I - V

TOTAL - VI - VIII

TOTAL - IX-X

0100200300400500600

202 281 201

134

282

191

Boys Girls

• NIOS , the central body formed in ‘79

• Lower Enrolments (3.4 lac 06-07)• Lower passing rates• No specific funding towards OS• No major focus at state level as

well

Concept to commissioning of Private / Gov educational projects like education cities and theme schools

Education City

Concept Development Marketing to Implementing Authority (HUDA, MIDC,

CIDCO)

Invite Expression of Interest

Marketing to the Players in Education

Planning, Allocation of land, Landscaping Design

Handling of the procedures (Pre/Post Bid)


Scope for support services in Education Sector

Rajiv Gandhi Education City (Sonipat, Haryana) Implementing Authority: HUDA

HUDA has allocated 700 acres at Sonipat for the proposed Education City 1 institute of international repute (60-180 acres) + 10 other institutions (3-25 acre) Lease hold/ Free hold land based on area, Payment terms to be decided accordingly

Gujarat Vittal Innovation City (Valsad, Gujarat)Implementing Authority: GIDC + EMPI Centre INNOPOLIS Consortia

University to be located in the GVIC SEZ IT companies also invited to set up their campus in GVIC Executives of the company can also participate as faculty As located in SEZ, university will be free to modify curriculum to meet industry needs

• Project development and management consultants for PPP• Capacity building• Investment Banking• Project Management of supporting implementing various government schemes

(some government schemes are as under)

Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan

(RMSA)

Model Schools

Scheme

Genesis of the Schemes • 2500 schools to be set up in EBBs under

government (state + center) and 2500 schools on PPP model

• State government to contribute land at free of cost

• Emphasis on English language• Classes VI-XII or IX-XII


Scope for support services in Education Sector

Targets of RMSA• Access to quality and affordable education

available to all in the age group of 14-18• A secondary school at every 5 km and a higher

secondary school at every 7-10 km• Universal access to secondary education (USE)

by 2017 (GER of 100%) • Universal retention to secondary education by

2020 (0 dropouts)• Special attention towards economically and

socially backward sections

EdCIL India Limited

A government of India enterprise offering consultancy services in all areas of education and human resource development in India and overseas

Undertakes education projects on turnkey basis from concept to commissioning

Services for Institutional development•Feasibility Studies•Preparation of Master Plan •Conceptualization of Schemes•Engineering Designs•Bid Preparation•Techno Commercial Evaluation•Award of Work•Implementation and Monitoring•Quality Assurance and Inspection•Construction Management

Technical Support to Govt schemes•DPR & Feasibility report •Educational Planning and Administration•Manpower Planning

Tech

nica

l a...

Insti

tutio

n...

Plac

emen

t ...

Seco

ndm

ent

Testi

ng a

cti...

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

9.52

8.35000000000001

9.73

0.740000000000004

4.67

16.84

6.84

14.74

0.562.1

•Institutional Planning•Sector Studies•Curriculum Development•Developing Computer Infra•

•Training Needs & Assessment•Capacity Development•Impact Assessment Studies•Evaluation of Projects

EdCIL Sales 07/08

Source: www.edcil.co.in

Case Studies: Support Service Providers in Education Sector

IL & FS IDC (Infrastructure Development Corporation)

It is the infrastructure development arm of IL&FS Roles played by IL&FS IDC• Creation of commercial prototypes, suggest and evolve requisite policy/legislative framework• As a Project Developer & Sponsor, creation of structures and achieve techno commercial

closure• As an Advisor, it assists govt, local bodies and sponsors to undertake projects Services to Govt / Govt Agencies• Project conceptualisation• Project Structuring & Development• Contractual Documentation• Bid Process management• Project Implementation and facilitation• Quality Assurance and oversight• Merchant banking and fund mobilisation

Services to Sponsors• Project Costing• Bid Structuring• Assistance in financial closure

Current Projects Nursing Training Institutes in NE states

Sports Academy in Jharkhand ITI in Jharkhand

Source: www. iidcindia.co.in

Case Studies: Scope for support services in Education Sector


Indian Education Market : A Snapshot

SegmentMarket Size (Rs

Cr)Regulation Key features Growth Drivers Business Potential

Pre + play school

6000-7000

No • Urban driven• Unorganized• Franchise based

•Peer pressure• Free pricing• Low penetration

• Capital intensive • Scalability is an issue•Lucrative investment

School Education

20000-25000

High • Largest market •Low Quality• Structuring issue

• Pref to Pvt. Schools• Aspiration of parents• High stickiness

• Newer business models•Large scope for PPP• Structure: A dampener

Higher education

15000-20000

Very High •Variety of courses •Regional disparity• Well organized

•Growing Economy•Government Policy•High Population

•Large scope for pvt. technical institutes•Scope in semi urban areas•Scope for Distance edu.

Vocational Education

5000-6000

No • Unregulated pvt mkt.• Number of streams• Franchise Based

• Job/placement• Newer sectors• Affordable fees

•Scope for PPP•Capital intensive•Lucrative Investment

Test Prep 600-800 No • No regulations• High fees• Trends/Cycles

• Growing enrolments• Use of technology • Free pricing

•Niche focused market• Low stickiness•Scope for new areas like e-learning

Coaching Classes

7500-7800

No • No regulations• Highly unorganized • Urban driven

• Quality Education • Free pricing•Peer pressure

• Scalability Issue• Capital Intensive

Footnotes

1. In 2002 86th constitutional amendment made right to education elevated to a fundamental right for age 6-14 only . So constitutionally there is no compulsion for the pre school education and no regulatory mechanism has been devised by the government.

2. The gross enrolment ratio (GER) is a statistical measure used in the education sector. The GER gives a rough indication of the level of education from kindergarten to postgraduate education. In the UN, the GER is calculated by expressing the number of students enrolled in primary, secondary and tertiary levels of education, regardless of age, as a percentage of the population of official school age for the three levels

GROSS ENROLMENT RATIOS (GER) OF ALL CATEGORIES OF STUDENTS

Primary (I-V) Upper Primary (VI-VIII) Elementary (I-VIII)

Year Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total1995-

96 97.1 79.4 88.6 67.8 49.8 59.3 86.9 69.4 78.5

2000-01 104.9 85.9 95.7 66.7 49.9 58.6 90.3 72.4 81.6

2005-06 112.8 105.8 109.4 75.2 66.4 71 98.5 91 94.9

Source: DISE, MHRD

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

96 96 95 98108 109

59 60 61 6270 71

82 82 83 8594 95

I-V VI-VIII I-VIII

GER (%): Significant improvement from 2001-02 onwards

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

202530354045505560

41 3935

31 2926

54 55 53 52 51 49

I-V I-VIII

DOR (%): Significant reduction from 2001-02 onwards

3. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a comprehensive and integrated flagship programme of Government of India to attain Universal Elementary Education (UEE), covering the entire country in a mission mode. SSA has been launched in 2001-2002 in partnership with the State Governments and Local Self Governments.

The programme aims to provide useful and relevant, elementary education to all children in the 6 to 14 age group by 2010. It is an initiative to universalize and improve quality of education through decentralized and context specific planning and a process based, time bound implementation strategy.

Source: DISE, MHRD

4. Dropout rate is defined as the proportion of children that cease to remain enrolled in the schooling system. There are a number of methods for estimating dropout rate. One of them, followed in the Selected Education Statistics (SES) of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, is as follows:·Gross dropout rates for classes (I-V) = {1-(Enrolment in Class V during the reference year divided by the enrolment in Class I four years ago)}*100.·Gross dropout rates for classes (I-VIII) = {1-(Enrolment in Class VIII during the reference yeardivided by the enrolment in Class I seven years ago)}*100.

5.Pupil Teacher ratio refers to the number of teachers in a school or university with respect to the number of students who attend the institution. For example, a student teacher ratio of 10:1 indicates that there are 10 students for every one teacher. A low student-teacher ratio is often used as a selling point to those choosing schools for tertiary education. On the other hand, high student-teacher ratio is often cited for criticizing proportionately underfunded schools or school systems, or as evidence of the need for legislative change or more funding for education.

Source: DISE, MHRD

A & N Islands 17Andhra Pradesh 16808Arunachal Pradesh 564Assam 3227Bihar 3444Chandigarh 3Chhattisgarh 11305D & N Haveli 43Daman & Diu 3Delhi Goa 19Gujarat 730Haryana 795Himachal Pradesh 154Jammu & Kashmir 2248Jharkhand 13640

Karnataka 883Kerala 161Lakshadweep 2Madhya Pradesh 16181Maharashtra 1410Manipur 98Meghalaya 816Mizoram 70Nagaland 52Orissa 501Puducherry 20Punjab 334Rajasthan 5911Sikkim 17Tamil Nadu 341Tripura 14Uttar Pradesh 1619Uttarakhand 351West Bengal 8152

6. SCHOOLS WITH NO BUILDING

Source: DISE, MHRD

Number of primary institutions have considerably increased since (90-91) to (05-06) as compared to upper primary and secondary schools. There is an urgent need to boost the number of secondary institutions so as to support the increasing number of enrollments in elementary section

Year Primary Upper Primary Sec/ Sr. Secondary

1995-96 593410 174145 99274

2000-01 638738 206269 126047

2005-06 772568 288493 159667

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10Elementary Education 11219 15952 16934 19777 19682Secondary Education 1591 1837 3793 5140 6170Adult Education 263 408 363 408 410Language Development 152 194 152 180 200University & higher Education 2108 2774 3892 5235 6637Technical Education 1600 1718 3870 3963 4749General Education 3908 2286 4665 6084 7594Distance Learning 0 0 0 160 187Information & Technology 0 0 0 452 497Total Expenditure 20841 25169 33669 41442 46126

SOURCE: indiabudget.nic.in UNESCO WORLD STATS

Government of India promised to allocate at least 6% of national income to education , a goal set for realization by the end of ninth five year plan i.e. by 2002

8. Public Expenditure on Education

7.Growth of Educational Institutions

Colleges Univ. Enrolment (million)

• 1950-51 578 28 0.2• 1960-61 1819 45 0.6• 1970-71 3277 93 2.0• 1980-81 4577 123 2.8• 1990-91 6627 184 4.4• 2000-01 10152 254 8.6• 2005-06 20769 37 14.3

9.Growth of Higher Education in India

Source: MHRD

• Centre, UGC and 14 statutory central professional councils (as examples AICTE, MCI) govern the entire system

• Regulatory bodies are under direct control of the government• UGC controls the entire university system including curriculums, degrees, fees, faculty

qualifications and approval to new universities.

Setting up Universities in India• Central universities established by Acts of Parliament and State universities established by Acts of

State Legislative Assemblies;• Private universities also require central or state legislation; • Institutions “deemed” to be universities by the UGC and, thus, given university status under the

UGC Act 1956• Degree-awarding institutions of national importance, such as the Indian Institutes of Technology

(IIT), established by Acts of Parliament and outside the purview of the UGC.

Whereas, most nations in the World are working towards loosening of statutory control over higher education, India is moving in reverse direction (The Economist, 2005).

Setting Up Private Colleges• Approval from UGC and respective governing council • Must be affiliated to a central or state university (private and deemed universities are unitary and

not allowed to affiliate colleges)


10. Existing Regulatory System : Structure & Process

Thank You !

Mr. Sanket Deshpande Fortress Financial Services LtdDaryanagar House, 2nd Floor 69, Maharshi Karve Road Marine Lines, Mumbai – 400 002. Tel. : 022 – 2200 7973 to 76 Mob: +91 9920151932Email : [email protected] Web : www.fortress.co.in

mailto:[email protected]

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