EDU. 102. PSYCHOLOGY OF THE LEARNER

SEMESTER IUNIT 1 : Introduction to Educational PsychologyUNIT 2 : Learners DevelopmentUNIT 3 : Learners Intelligence and creativityUNIT 4 : Understanding Learner DiversitiesUNIT 5 : Learners Personality And Adjustment

Origin or Evolution of Psychology Study of Soul –psyche+logos=soul+study/science Plato and Aristotle Study of Mind Study of Consciousness

William James and Wilhelm Wundt ‘Introspection’

Science of Behaviour William mc Dougall in 1905 and J.B Watson in 1913

• “First psychology lost its soul, then its mind, then it lost its consciousness, it still has behaviour of a sort”

- Woodworth (1948)

Definitions of Psychology• “Psychology is a Science which aims to

give us better understanding and control of the behaviour of the organism as a whole”

- William Mc Dougall (1908)

• “Psychology is the Science of behaviour”- J. B. Watson (1913)

Nature of Psychology• Psychology is a positive science

which describes what is

• It is a behavioural science which deals with the behaviour of an organism

Approaches to Psychology

1. Psycho- Analytical Approach (Freud)

2. Behaviourism (John. B. Watzon)

3. Humanistic Approach

4. Constructivist Approach

Branches of PsychologyPURE PSYCHOLOGY

• General Psychology Abnormal Psychology Social Psychology Experimental Psychology Physiological Psychology. Developmental Psychology

APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY

Industry Medicine Criminology Defence Education.

Educational Psychology

• Its an applied psychology•Application of psychology in the field of

education •Application of theories, principles,

techniques, researches, approaches of psychology in the field of education

Definitions

• “Educational psychology is that branch of psychology which deals with teaching and learning”

- B. F. Skinner (1958)• “Educational psychology is the science of

education”- Peel (1956)

Relationship betweenEducation and Psychology

“A teacher want to teach French to Shyam, should want to know both Shyam and French”

• To know the child

• To know the potentialities and capacities

• To control the learning environment

• To shape the learning experience

Scope of Educational Psychology

It concern the learner or Pupil• Innate abilities or capacities • Individual differences •Conscious or unconscious behaviour•Characteristics of growth and development

It concern the Learning experience •Techniques •Deciding the kind of learning experiences •Conscious or unconscious behaviour•Characteristics of growth and development

Scope of Educational Psychology

• It concern Learning process•Nature of the Learning process

•Principles and theories of learning

•Remembering and forgetting

•Thinking and reasoning

Scope of Educational Psychology

• It concern Learning situation or environment •Classroom climate•Group dynamics •Usage of teaching learning aids•Guidance and counselling

Scope of Educational Psychology

• It concern the teacher •To know himself

•Conflict, anger, motivation, adjustment, level of aspiration etc

•Personality of the teacher

Scope of Educational Psychology

Methods of Educational Psychology

1. Experimental Method:an experiment is a question put to nature-it is a systamatic study-a kind of controlled

observation .experimenter,subject

“Can attention be divided or not?”

2. Survey Method /field investigation-sample

3. Case Study Method

How to conduct a Case Study1. Give due recognition and respect to his individuality

2. Establish a good rapport (connection)

3. Know his personal identity, past history, behaviour, relationship, problems, feelings etc

4. Deep investigation in a comprehensive way

5. Can use a pre prepared format for data collection

6. Collect all relevant data about the person from him and others related to him

7. Find the probable causes of his behaviour

8. Remediation and suggestions

Data in Case Study1. Personal data including problems (emotional, social

and education)

2. Birth information

3. Health record

4. Family data

5. Socio-economic status

6. Level of intelligence and creativity (opinion from teachers and parents)

Data in Case Study

7. Educational record 8. Areas of interest9. Adjustment 10. Behaviour in the classroom11. Personality traits12. Educational and vocational ambitions etc13. Follow up work

Merits of Case Study

• Can get a more detailed picture of the individual• This method uses observation, interviews and

tests etc for data collection• Solves deep rooted problems of an individual • Helps to solve personality, behavioural and

adjustment problems • It has a wide and comprehensive scope • The study is more subjective, reliable and valid

Demerits of Case Study

• Need special training and efficiency•Generalisation is not possible • Some times the collected data may be fake• It has limited scope • We can’t ensure the objectivity, reliability & validity• Time consuming

2 Marks Questions1. Limitations of experimental method in

Education Psychology2. What is meant by behaviourist approach in

Psychology3. Define educational psychology4. What you know about Freud’s Psycho-

Analytical Approach5. Write a brief note on Humanistic Approach6. What is Constructivist Approach7. What is Survey Method

4 Marks Questions1. Advantages and disadvantages of experimental method 2. Explain the merits and demerits of case study method 3. First psychology lost its soul, then its mind, then it lost its

consciousness, it still has behaviour of a sort”- Comment 4. Briefly explain the nature of psychology5. Psychology is a positive science. Explain 6. Write a short note on different approaches to psychology7. Differentiate between Humanistic and

Constructivist Approaches to education8. Prepare short note on Experimental Method, Survey

Method and Case Study Method9. Suppose you identify a case in your class. How to conduct a

case study for that case

10 Mark Questions

1. Explain the scope of educational psychology in the teaching learning process

Different methods of psychology1-EXPERIMENTAL METHOD: An experiment is a

question put to nature.-Experimenter-subjectIndependent &Dependent variables-Indipendent/experiment/stimulus/cause:The

aspect of environment which is experimentally studied.

-Dependent/response/effect:The resulting change in behaviour is called dependent variable.

“Can attention be divided or not”?

Merits &Demerits

• Most scientific and objective• Helps to solve problems in education• Special skills needed• Mood of the subject will reflect the result• Not to be more accurate like pure sciences• Prolonged experiments negate the cooperation

from the subject• Experiments conducted in animals cant be

extrapolated to humans.

2-Introspection

• Reflection of one’s own experience• Introspect means”look within”• E.B Tichener –student of wilhelm wundt-• Wilhelm wundt-leipzig –Germany-psychological

lab• It is not applicable for animals,child and abnormal

people.• This method used to find out psycho-somatic

case(Doctors).

3-Observation

• It is a systematic goal directed method.• Unlike introspection “it is looking outside

oneself”• ---natural observation. without their awareness of being

observed.Playground,library,class room etc

• --participant observation observer become a part of the group which he

wants to observe.-perfect “rapport”is needed.-necessary to prepare a detailed shedule-for

systamatic observation.

4- Survey method-Field investigation

• For to extend the boundaries of investigation to wider field.

• Observations are under natural conditions• Selection of sample-from population.• Random sample• Stratified sample