economic potential of wetland habitats in europe
DESCRIPTION
Economic Potential of Wetland Habitats in Europe. Yvonne Scheidegger Uwe A. Schneider. Tragedy of Wetlands. Objective. Find socially optimal balance between alternative wetland uses by integrating biological benefits (birds) economic opportunities (agriculture) Large region - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Economic Potential of Wetland Habitats in
Europe
Yvonne ScheideggerUwe A. Schneider
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Tragedy of Wetlands
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Find socially optimal balance between alternative wetland uses
by integrating • biological benefits (birds)• economic opportunities (agriculture)
- Large region- Majority of endangered birds
Objective
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
BirdsBird directive• 1979• Annex I
Species• 28 species depending
on wetlands as breeding/ wintering/ resting grounds
• Families: herons, raptors, storks
Corncrake
Kingfisher
Great White Egret Black Stork
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Wetland Degradation
Human exploitation• Agriculture
- Drainage• Human Settlements
- Preferred location for living- Transportation systems- Industry- Pollution
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Preservation• Habitat for Species• Ecological Functions
- Flood control- Shoreline stabilization- Nutrient retention- Purification of water- Climate
Wetland Preservation
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Ramsar ConventionRamsar
Convention• 1971 Ramsar, Iran• Conservation and wise
use of wetlands• Ramsar List• 2003
- 137 contracting parties- 1369 wetlands of
international importance
CLASSIFICATION• MARINE WETLANDS• ESTUARINE WETLANDS• WETLANDS
ASSOCIATED WITH LAKES
• WETLANDS ALONG RIVERS
• MARSHY WETLANDS• HUMAN-MADE
WETLANDS
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Wetlands
Lake/Pond• Open water surface• Transition zone
Marsh• Frequent
flooding/permanent shallow water
• Reed beds
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Wetlands
Wet Meadow• Humid soils• Grassland• Extensive cultivation
Peatland• Anaerobic conditions • fen• raised bog
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Wetlands
River/Floodplain• Periodic flooding• Sand and gravel banks,• oxbow lakes
Floodplain forest
• Typical vegetation
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Model
VariablesPOPr,b,l,w Bird population [N]ADDr,w Added area [ha]DELr,w Lost area [ha]HAB0
r,b,l,w Habitat size < minimum habitat size [ha]HAB1
r,b,l,w Habitat size > minimum habitat size [ha]r Regionw Wetlandl living statusb Bird
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
hmin0 area
population
HAB0 HAB1
nsafe
Model
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Model
Parameterdr,b,l,w Population densitynsafe
b,l Safe population levelhmin
r,b,l,w Minimum habitat size [ha]hmax
r,w Maximum convertible area [ha]hexist
r,w Existing land allocation [ha]cag
r Agricultural opportunity costs [euro]c agw
r Conversion costs [euro/ha]r Regionw Wetlandl living statusb Bird
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Model
1,00,,
0
0
0
,,,
,,,1
,,,0
,,,
1,,,,,,
min,,,,,,,,,
,,,min
,,,max,
1,,,
0,,,,,,
min,,,
min,,,
0,,,
wlbr
wlbrwlbrwlbr
wlbrwlbrwlbrwlbrwlbr
wlbrwlbrwrwlbr
wlbrwlbrwlbr
wlbrwlbr
I
POPHABHAB
HABIhdPOP
IhhHAB
HABIh
hHABWetland Habitat Demand
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
0, ,,
,,
,max,,
,1
,,,0
,,,,,
wrwr
existwrwr
existwrwrwr
existwrwlbrwlbrwrwr
DELADD
hDEL
hhADD
hHABHABDELADD
Model
Wetland Habitat Supply
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
wrwr
agwwr
agrwr
wagwr
agr DELccADDcc
,,,,,min
Model
Objective Function
• Minimization of cost from land use and lost agricultural revenue summed across all regions and land use change type
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
• Solve repeatedly for different targets (t) • Plot total cost against target
tnPOP lbwr
wlbr safe,
,,,,
Model
Economic Potential of Wetland Habitats
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Indicative Results
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Future Tasks• Data improvement!• Soil type integration • Modeling of combined uses (low agricultural
intensity + habitat)• Habitat linking between regions• Endogenous agricultural opportunity costs• Dynamics