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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Economic Potential of Wetland Habitats in
Europe
Yvonne ScheideggerUwe A. Schneider
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Tragedy of Wetlands
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Find socially optimal balance between alternative wetland uses
by integrating • biological benefits (birds)• economic opportunities (agriculture)
- Large region- Majority of endangered birds
Objective
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
BirdsBird directive• 1979• Annex I
Species• 28 species depending
on wetlands as breeding/ wintering/ resting grounds
• Families: herons, raptors, storks
Corncrake
Kingfisher
Great White Egret Black Stork
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Wetland Degradation
Human exploitation• Agriculture
- Drainage• Human Settlements
- Preferred location for living- Transportation systems- Industry- Pollution
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Preservation• Habitat for Species• Ecological Functions
- Flood control- Shoreline stabilization- Nutrient retention- Purification of water- Climate
Wetland Preservation
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Ramsar ConventionRamsar
Convention• 1971 Ramsar, Iran• Conservation and wise
use of wetlands• Ramsar List• 2003
- 137 contracting parties- 1369 wetlands of
international importance
CLASSIFICATION• MARINE WETLANDS• ESTUARINE WETLANDS• WETLANDS
ASSOCIATED WITH LAKES
• WETLANDS ALONG RIVERS
• MARSHY WETLANDS• HUMAN-MADE
WETLANDS
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Wetlands
Lake/Pond• Open water surface• Transition zone
Marsh• Frequent
flooding/permanent shallow water
• Reed beds
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Wetlands
Wet Meadow• Humid soils• Grassland• Extensive cultivation
Peatland• Anaerobic conditions • fen• raised bog
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Wetlands
River/Floodplain• Periodic flooding• Sand and gravel banks,• oxbow lakes
Floodplain forest
• Typical vegetation
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Model
VariablesPOPr,b,l,w Bird population [N]ADDr,w Added area [ha]DELr,w Lost area [ha]HAB0
r,b,l,w Habitat size < minimum habitat size [ha]HAB1
r,b,l,w Habitat size > minimum habitat size [ha]r Regionw Wetlandl living statusb Bird
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
hmin0 area
population
HAB0 HAB1
nsafe
Model
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Model
Parameterdr,b,l,w Population densitynsafe
b,l Safe population levelhmin
r,b,l,w Minimum habitat size [ha]hmax
r,w Maximum convertible area [ha]hexist
r,w Existing land allocation [ha]cag
r Agricultural opportunity costs [euro]c agw
r Conversion costs [euro/ha]r Regionw Wetlandl living statusb Bird
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Model
1,00,,
0
0
0
,,,
,,,1
,,,0
,,,
1,,,,,,
min,,,,,,,,,
,,,min
,,,max,
1,,,
0,,,,,,
min,,,
min,,,
0,,,
wlbr
wlbrwlbrwlbr
wlbrwlbrwlbrwlbrwlbr
wlbrwlbrwrwlbr
wlbrwlbrwlbr
wlbrwlbr
I
POPHABHAB
HABIhdPOP
IhhHAB
HABIh
hHABWetland Habitat Demand
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
0, ,,
,,
,max,,
,1
,,,0
,,,,,
wrwr
existwrwr
existwrwrwr
existwrwlbrwlbrwrwr
DELADD
hDEL
hhADD
hHABHABDELADD
Model
Wetland Habitat Supply
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
wrwr
agwwr
agrwr
wagwr
agr DELccADDcc
,,,,,min
Model
Objective Function
• Minimization of cost from land use and lost agricultural revenue summed across all regions and land use change type
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
• Solve repeatedly for different targets (t) • Plot total cost against target
tnPOP lbwr
wlbr safe,
,,,,
Model
Economic Potential of Wetland Habitats
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Indicative Results
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
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Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change
Future Tasks• Data improvement!• Soil type integration • Modeling of combined uses (low agricultural
intensity + habitat)• Habitat linking between regions• Endogenous agricultural opportunity costs• Dynamics