economic importance of fungi - govt college ropargovtcollegeropar.org/downloads/e-learning/… ·...
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ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI
SUBIMITTED TO SUBIMITTED BY P. POOJA VERMA JASDEEP KAUR B.Sc (MED) IST
ROLL NO 115
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1. Use as decomposers of waste:
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2.Mycorrhizae:
“Fungus roots” Mutualism between:
Fungus (nutrient & water uptake for plant) Plant (carbohydrate for fungus)
Several kinds Zygomycota – hyphae invade root cells Ascomycota & Basidiomycota – hyphae
invade root but don’t penetrate cells
Extremely important ecological role of fungi!
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3.Edible fungi:
There are about 200 species of fungi which are used as food .The most important of them are :
1. Common field mushroom 2. Puff balls 3. Morels or gucchhi 4. khumb
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Some of the mushrooms are poisonous(e.g. amanita muscaris)
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4.Yeast cakes:
The large scale production of yeast cake is called microbial farming .These are prepared by mixing a large number of yeast cells with some inert substances such as , starch and then compressed to form cakes .
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5.Use in medicine:
Some metabolic products of fungi used in medicine are :
1. Ergot 2.Antibiotics 3. Vitamins
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1. Ergot:
It is a most useful drug obtained from sclerotia of Claviceps purpurea . The fungus is parasitic on grasses , especially rye .The disease is called `ergot of rye`. It is also used to increase blood pressure .
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2.Antibiotics:
An organic substance , produced by microorganism , which inhabit or reduce the growth of certain microorganism ,is called antibiotic . Some of the antibiotics obtained from fungi is penicillin , Clavicin .
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3. Vitamins:
Fungi are rich source of many vitamins. Vitamin B complex is obtained from yeasts .Other vitamins obtained from yeasts and moulds are – Vitamin D , Riboflavin, Ergosterol etc.
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6.Industrial uses:
Fungi are used in many important industries in the production of varied products .
1: Alcoholic fermentation 2: Industrial products 3: Enzymes 4: Gibberellic acid
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a:ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
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The common alcoholic beverages-wine and beer are fermentation products produced by the activity of different species of Saccharomyces. some of fermentation products are :1: wine : wine is made from juice of graps or other fruits by allowing yeast to induce alcoholic fermentation. It contain about 10 to 12% alcohol.2:beer :beer is chiefly made from barley grains.It contain 3 to 8% alcohole .
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b: Industrial product:
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c:Enzymes:
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d: Gibberellic acid:
The phytohormone gibberellic acid is obtained from the culture of gibberella fujukuroi and fusariun moniliforme.It is used to induce growth and flowering in plants.
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4: Gibberellic acid:
The phytohormone gibberellic acid is obtained from the culture of gibberella fujukuroi and fusariun moniliforme.It is used to induce growth and flowering in plants.
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7:Biological control:
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HARMFUL EFFECTS OF FUNGI
1 . Spoilage of food : many mould fungi such as , Rhizopus , Mucor , Aspergillus and Penicilliun grow on bread , butter , jams , jelly , pickles , fruits etc .And render them unfit for human consumption .
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2: spoilage of goods:
Many households are distroyed by fungi these include folling:
Electric goods Clothing Wool Paper and books hemp,jute rubber
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3:destruction of timber wood: Felled timber is
attacked by Polyporus schweinitzii, which decays wood and causes great economic loss.
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4: Allergic fungi:
Spores of many moulds and fungi imperfecti reach the thorat , lungs and other body parts and produce symptoms of allergy .
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5 Human fungal diseases:Name of dieases
parts of body affected
1. Dandruff scalp2. Mucorosis Lungs and ear3.Aspergillosis Lungs and ear4.Histoplasmosis
Focal mycosis through out the body
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6.Plant disease: Wheat
disease caused by
Root rot Pythium graminicolum
Loose smut Ustilago triticiFlag smut Urocystis tririciStinking smut Tillmtia cariesBlack rust Puccinia graminis
triticiBrown rust Puccinia recondita
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Rice
disease caused by 1. False smut Ustilaginoidea
virens2. Bunt Tilletia
barelayana3. Leaf smut Entyloma oryzae4. Blast Piticularia oryzae5. Foot rot Fusarium
moniliforme
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Potato
disease caused by
1.Late blight Phytophthora infestans
2. Black scurf Rhizoctonia solani3. Early blight Alternaria solani4. Black wart Synchytrium
endobioticum5.Tuber rot Pythium
artotrogus
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Cauliflower disease caused
by 1.Brown rot
Alternaria brassicae
2. Root rot Phytophthora megasperma
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Cabbagedisease caused
by 1 .clubrot Plasmodio
phora brassicae
2. White rust
Albugo candida
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Apple disease caused
by 1.Soft rot Rhizopus
stolonifer2. Blue mold rot
Penicillium expansum
3. Scab Venturia inaequalis
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Oat disease caused
by 1. Covered smud
Ustilago kolleri
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THANK YOU