ecology the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their physical...
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Ecology
the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their physical environment
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Levels of Ecology
• Biosphere• Biome• Ecosystem• Community• Population• Organism
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Ecosystem
All of the different species living together (community) in an area (habitat)– Abiotic Factors- nonliving (weather, soil composition, winds,
temperature, etc.)– Biotic Factors- living (plants, animals, bacteria, fungi)
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Taxonomy Examples from the Northern Deciduous Forest
Acer saccharum
Acer rubrum
Alces alces
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Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Food Chains
Food Webs
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Some thought questions…
• What is your favorite food?• How is it made?• Where does it come from?
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The SUN!!!
• Energy for photosynthesis
• Plants make sugars from carbon dioxide, water and sunlight.
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Energy flow in Ecosystems
The original source of all energy is the sun!
• Autotrophs– Producers- make
energy for others
• Heterotrophs– Consumers- consume
others for energy– Decomposers- break
down organic matter for energy
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Heterotrophs may be– Herbivores- consume
plants or algae– Carnivores- consume
animal flesh– Omnivores- consume
plants and animal flesh
– Detritivores- consume dead organisms or wastes
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Group Food Web Practice
• http://www.gould.edu.au/foodwebs/kids_web.htm
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• What do you spend energy on?–Growth–Maintenance–Repair
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Only 10% of the energy captured by an organism is transferred to the organism that eats the first organism.
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herbivore
decomposer
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Energy flows through ecosystems, but matter cycles
through ecosystems• The sun is a
constant source of energy
• Matter needs to get reused– There is no new
source of carbon or water on earth
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The Water Cycle
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Surface Runoff
Infiltration (ground water)
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The Carbon Cycle
• Industry, power plants, and vehicles release CO2.
• Plants consume CO2 in photosynthesis.
• Living things release CO2 during cellular respiration.
• Fossil fuels are made from the carbon in the tissues of dead plants and animals.
http://www.vtaide.com/png/carbonCycle.htm
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Ecological Succession
• dominant organisms in an area change over time
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Primary Succession
• Starts from bare rock • Lichen live on bare
rock. • Lichen create enough
soil for mosses
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Secondary succession
• Begins after an area has been disturbed
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Photosynthesis
“making from light”
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Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts
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Chemical formula for Photosynthesis
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Respiration
The Working Cell:
Energy from Food
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Food Stores Chemical Energy
Chemical Energy– Potential energy
stored in the bonds of chemical compounds
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ATP Provides Energy For Cellular Work
Types of Work– Growth– Maintenance– Repair
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Breathing and Cellular Respiration
• Cellular respiration is an aerobic process– requires O2
• Breathing delivers O2 and releases CO2
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Cellular Respiration
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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration