ecitaro - approach to emobility - miljøstiftelsen zero · 2019-09-03 · challenge 2: the depot...

eCitaro -

approach to eMobility

Dipl.-Ing. Tammo Voigt

Head of eMobility Consulting

ZERO Conference / Oslo 28.8.2019

Public transport needs to become more attractive and is part of reducing

CO2 footprints and emissions at the same time.

Oslo Zero Conference 28.8.2019 2

Increasing mobility needs

Inner-city densification

Limited traffic areas

Noise / pollution sensitivity

Individual transport at its limits

EU CVD – Implemantation

by 2021

Environmental zones and

access restrictions

CO2 targets (national / local)

Public funding for e-mobility

High pollution levels in cities

Public traffic needs to be part

of the solution

Need for ActionMobility Trends Legal & Political Premises

Nearly emission free

Benchmark for CO2 & TCO

Locally emission free

Emissionfree electric drive system

Technical approach: Daimlers product strategy is based on two pillars


TCO = Total Cost of Ownership

Citaro Euro VI Diesel / Hybrid / CNG

Reduced fuel consumption

Minimal pollutant emissions

TCO benchmark

Electric Citaro

Battery electric or combined with REX

Thermal and Energy Management

No local CO2 or pollutant emissions

Energy Efficiency

Main development focus was modularity and energy efficiency


Modularity and FlexibilityProject / Production Status

low

highBattery Capacity

Charging OptionsPanto-

graph

CCS

Plug

Transition

Period

Summer Winter

Driving Auxiliaries Heating Cooling

Thermal Management

Energy ManagementHeating

Cooling

Maximation

of Range

• More than 50000 Citaro units built !!

• Start of Production

Solo: Q1/2019

Articulated: Q2/2020

Solo RHD: Q4/2021

Citaro – REX: 2022

~75 ~125

Vehicle Type

1 by 1 Transformation of ICE - to e-Buses not feasible by today


Target picture

e.g. 2025

Lower Range of Electric Buses compared to

ICE - Buses

Modification of Operation Concepts needed

Charging Systems & Interfaces to be developed

Setup of Energy Supply and Charging

Infrastructure

Standardization to be defined

Redesign of Processes required

(e.g. Service and Maintenance)

Training and Qualification

Financial Constraints

Etc.

Challenge 1: E-Buses carry only a fraction of the energy of a diesel bus.

At the same time, the weight is higher.


Diesel Bus

Tank capacity: ~ 215 -300l diesel

Weight: ~ 250 -350kg

Energy (usable):

~ 2,100 -3000kWhEfficency up to 40%

Range (12m) 600-700km (Sort2)

Electric Bus

Up to 12 High-voltage batteries (nmc)

Weight: ~ 2.000 – 3.000 kg

Energy (brutto):

~ 300 - 400 kWhEfficency up to 75%

Range (12m) 170 -230km (Sort2/fh)

aux aux aux

Pure

Driving

Cooling

(Summer)

Heating

(Winter)

Energy consumption

nearly doubles

Challenge 2: The depot needs a completely different electricity supply

infrastructure to charge a fleet of electric buses.


150 kW

One charging

station for an

electric bus has a

similar power

demand as appr. 75

households.

75

Transformer

Medium voltage

10 – 30 kV

Depots for electric buses are

directly connected to the medium

voltage grid and need

transformers on the depot.

5 -10 min

2 – 5 h

Charging of an electric bus

requires several hours. For this,

all processes in the depot need

to be adapted..

Challenge 3: E-Bus workshops require new equipment and staff training.


Roof working structure

Crane system

Testing and charging equipment

Safety equipment

HV- Sensitization

Specialist for HV vehicles

Working under voltage

Responsible electrician for HV systems

Alternative to opportunity charging -

Extension of range with hydrogen (REX)


Development Targets eCitaro FC – Rex

H2 infrastructure: Bus-standard Europe: 350bar

Local H2 generation with electrolyzer

or delivery on trailer

Energy cost: Minimization of H2 consumption

Battery driving as long as possible

Fuel-cell operation at optimal level

Vehicle cost: Fuel-cell components from series

application (economies of scale)

Range: Solo > 300 km

Articulated up to 300 km

Diesel-like operation possible

(without fossil heating)

HVBs on rooftop

and ex-engine

compartment

Max 5 H2 containers

~ 25kg

Fuel cell

MegaCi

ty

City

Region

Challenge 4: Technical / economical issues for E-Bus/REX-Flotten

Targetpicture 2025 ff

29

Operation close to ICE - Buses

Charging Systems & Interfaces to be developed

Complete new setup of Energy Supply and

Charging Infrastructure

Integration of renewable energy

sources (e.g. solar/wind)

Redesign of Processes required

(e.g. Service and Maintenance)

Etc.

Edit H2 Infrastructure

Oslo Zero Conference 28.8.2019

eMobility is more than just a bus, it is eMobility System.

11Oslo Zero Conference 28.8.2019

Conclusion: It is not enough to think about electric buses…

12Oslo Zero Conference 28.8.2019

• Finally, electric busses can start to run

• System design and layout is always first step

• Operation and charging strategy must be robust in worst-case scenario

• Appropriate infrastructure is essential for e-bus fleet

• Energy supply (grid connection power) must be ensured

• Planning horizon for infrastructure often longer than for buses

• Workshops must be prepared for high voltage operations

• Employees have to be trained

Thank you for your appreciated attention !


ecitaro - approach to emobility - miljøstiftelsen zero · 2019-09-03 · challenge 2: the depot...

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