ebola clip. the lymphatic and immune systems day 1
TRANSCRIPT
The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Day 1
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• Functions?– Return fluid to circulatory system– Defense
• Specific• Non-specific
Lymphatic System
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Organization of the Lymphatic System
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• Fluid leaks from blood capillaries
• Enters lymphatic capillaries
• Returns to circulatory system through lymphatic trunks
Lymph Formation and Flow
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• Structural hierarchy:– Atoms– Molecules– Organelles– Cells– Tissues– Organs– Organ systems
Do you remember…
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• Lymphocytes– T lymphocytes mature in thymus– B lymphocytes mature in bone marrow
• Macrophages– begin as monocytes– leave lymphatic tissue to enter surrounding tissue
Lymphatic Cells
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• Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)• Patches of tissue in mucous membranes
– Respiratory• Tonsils
– GI• Small intestine• Appendix
Lymphatic Tissues
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• Lymph nodes– cleanse lymph– store and produce T and B cells
Lymphatic Organs
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• Spleen– scans and cleans blood
• Thymus– nursery for T cells
Lymphatic Organs
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• Phagocytosis– neutrophils– macrophages (formerly monocytes)– engulf, destroy, debris out via exocytosis
• Natural killer cells– bind to infected cells – proteins perforate cells
Nonspecific Defense
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• Complement– plasma proteins assist with phagocytosis
• Interferons– released by virus infected cells– slow/stop viral growth, replication
Nonspecific Defense
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• Tissue damage• Histamine and other inflammatory chemicals
released• BV dilate, blood flow increases, capillary
permeability increases• Clotting and scar formation
The Development of Inflammation
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• Activation of leukocytes and macrophages causes release of pyrogens
• Hypothalamus raises body temperature, causing a fever
• Advantage?
Fever
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• Day 2
Lymph and Immune Systems
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Review
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Function of lymph vessels?
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Locations of lymph tissue/organs?
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How does lymph fluid get back in circulatory system?
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3 Lines of Defenses?
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Why T and B cells?
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Process?
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• Natural killer cells• Complement• Interferon• Pyrogens
Operation?
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• On the surface of cells• “Self” vs. “nonself”
Antigens
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– Recognize only one antigen– Cloned in response to antigen presentation– Memory cells made
Lymphocytes
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• Rapid, unregulated cell growth• Metastasis• Cells may lodge in lymph nodes
Cancer and Lymph Nodes
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• Strong response to a harmless antigen• Release of histamine• Symptoms…• Anaphylaxis – severe allergic reaction• Allergy shots?
Allergies
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Allergies
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• Like allergies – but attack of own tissues• Cause unclear• Examples
– rheumatoid arthritis– multiple sclerosis– type I diabetes
Autoimmune Disorders
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• HIV – infects and kills helper T cells
• AIDS – helper T cell count falls below 200/mm3– immune system seriously weakened– patient is susceptible to opportunistic infection
HIV and AIDS