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E.Bertino, L.MatinoObject-Oriented Database Systems

Chapter.1 Introduction

Seoul National University

Department. of Computer Engineering

OOPSLA Lab

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Chapter1. Introduction

CONTENTS

Database Management Systems Application Areas Current Trends OODBMS

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Chapter1. Introduction

Database Management System

Data model set of logical structures to describe data set of operations for handling the data

History The use of separate files: ISAM, VSAM Hierarchical model: IMS, System 2000 CODASYL(Network model): IDS, TOTAL, ADABAS,

IDMS Relational database technology: System R, Ingres

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File System

Network Hierarchical

Relational

Object-orientedsystem

Semanticmodels

Complexobject models

Graphics andImaging technologies

Object-orienteddatabase

Hierarchicalstorage system

Imagingtechnologies

Informationretrieval

Multimedia andImage database

Intelligentdatabase

ArtificialIntelligence

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DBMS Components

High level language: DDL, DML, DCL Concurrency control and recovery mechanism Auxiliary access structures: index Query optimizer Security and constraints

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Naïve users application sophisticated database (tellers,agents,etc.) programmers users administrator

application application interface programs

query database scheme

Embedded DMLprecompiler

DMLcompiler

DDLinterpreterApplication

programsobject code

Queryevaluation

engine

Transactionmanager

buffer manager

Indices statistical data

Data files data dictionary

filemanager

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Applications Area

Managerial and administrative areas Engineering applications

CAD/CAM, CASE, CIM

Multimedia systems GIS document and image management system medical information system

Decision support systems

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Requirements for Advanced Applications

Aggregations of other objects Behavior of the objects Extensible model Compatibility with existing applications

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Features for Advanced Applications(1)

Versions of object Long duration transactions Storage techniques: clustering, index Protocols between the clients: coordination of

cooperative activities Schema evolution Declarative query languages plus one or more

programming languages

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Features for Advanced Applications(2)

Both primitives for manipulating the object as a whole and their various components

Protection based on the notion of the object Deductive rules and integrity constraints

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Current Trends

DB + PL + AI Extended RDBMS OODBMS ORDBMS Deductive DBMS Intelligent DBMS : DB + AI

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OODBMS

The most promising technology interoperability with the ‘old’ DBMSs fewer man-month, shorter development period, and less

source code amount by major H/W and S/W vendors

Problems lacks a common data model and formal foundations levels of operational efficiency and performance

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1st Generation OODBMS

Systems G-Base (French, Graphael,1986) GemStone (American, Servio Corp., 1987) VBase (Ontologic, 1988) Statice (Symbolics, 1988)

Characteristics persistent languages stand-alone systems proprietary languages no standard industrial platforms

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2nd Generation OODBMS

Systems Ontos (1989) Object Store (Object Design) Objectivity (Objectivity) Versant (Versant Object Technology)

Characteristics Client/server architecture C++, X , UNIX

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3rd Generation OODBMS

Systems Itasca (1990) O2 (French, Altair) Zeitgeist (TI)

Characteristics version OO and computationally complete DDL/DML