eass(east asian social survey) 2008 culture module ......dec. 31, 2010 kim, sang-wook...
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EASS(East Asian Social Survey)
2008 CULTURE Module Codebook
East Asian Social Survey Data Archive Academy of East Asian Studies, SungKyunKwan University 6th Floor of the Hoam Building (#605),
3-53 Myungryundong Jongnogu, Seoul, Korea 110-745 Telephone : +82-2-760-1270, FAX : +82-2-744-6169, E-mail: [email protected]
EASS 2008 Culture
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments --------------------(1)
An Introduction to the EASS/EASSDA --------------------(2)
EASSDA Members Institute Addresses --------------------(3)
EASS 2008 Participants --------------------(4)
Study Description --------------------(6)
Overview of Questions --------------------(7)
Variable List --------------------(8)
Data Documentation and Cross-national Frequencies --------------------(12)
Appendix
International Occupational Codes: ILO/ISCO 1988 --------------------(63)
Background Variables Documentation --------------------(73)
EASS 2008 Culture
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Acknowledgments
The EASSDA (East Asian Social Survey Data Archive) is very pleased to publish codebooks for the module surveys of 2006 (Family) and 2008 (Globalization and Culture), respectively, by their archiving timelines. Preparation of the codebooks has been made possible by incessant efforts of all members of the EASSDA (CGSS, JGSS, KGSS, and TSCS). Initial inputs, plus the constant updating and revision jobs afterwards, on the part of the JGSS Research Center were especially helpful to finalize the codebooks, and the EASSDA would like to make use of this opportunity to express its deep appreciations to all the four teams, JGSS in particular, for their times, energies, and commitments to collect, process, and eventually disseminate the datasets of EASS module surveys. Data users are strongly asked to report any forms of works using the EASS data (e.g., journal articles, book chapters, conference papers, etc.) to the EASSDA and they are also asked to cite the following acknowledgement statement:
"East Asian Social Survey (EASS) is based on Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), Japanese General Social Surveys (JGSS), Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), and Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS), and distributed by the EASSDA."
The EASSDA is certainly responsible in due courses for the mistakes and corrections, if any, on any part of the codebooks and datasets and would more than welcome short notices or requests from the users. Any queries about any parts of the codebooks and datasets need to be directed to the EASSDA. Thank you very much.
Dec. 31, 2010
Kim, Sang-Wook
Representative, EASSDA
EASS 2008 Culture
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An Introduction to the EASS/EASSDA
The EASS (East Asian Social Survey) is a biennial social survey project that purports to
produce and disseminate academic survey data sets in East Asia. As a cross-national
network of the four GSS-type surveys in East Asia--CGSS (Chinese General Social
Survey), JGSS (Japanese General Social Survey), KGSS (Korean General Social Survey),
and TSCS (Taiwan Social Change Survey)--EASS is dedicated to the promotion of
comparative studies on diverse aspects of social lives in East Asia. Launched in 2003,
EASS is one of the few internationally coordinated social survey data collection efforts,
and is truly unique in its East Asian focus.
At the 2008 General Meeting in Tokyo, Japan, an agreement has been reached to
establish and locate the EASSDA (East Asian Social Survey Data Archive), EASS's central
data archive, in the Academy of East Asian Studies in the Sungkyunkwan University,
Seoul, Korea. The mission of EASSDA is to integrate, harmonize, and archive data and
documentations of EASS module surveys so as to distribute and disseminate them to the
social science community all over the world.
The objective of EASSDA is to provide students and scholars in social science community
with an integrated EASS data sets collected by coordinated efforts of the participating
institutions in the four countries. In doing so, EASSDA endeavors eventually to enable
and promote as much comparative studies as possible on diverse topics and issues unique
to the East Asian society.
EASS 2008 Culture
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EASSDA Members Institute Addresses
CHINA Chinese General Social Survey Department of Sociology, Renmin University of China, Beijing Tel: (00)86-10-62511447 Fax: (00)86-10-62513355 Homepage: http://www.chinagss.org/
JAPAN Japanese General Social Survey JGSS Research Center, Osaka University of Commerce, Osaka Tel: +81-6-6785-6013 Fax: +81-6-6785-6011 Homepage: http://jgss.daishodai.ac.jp/
KOREA Korean General Social Survey Survey Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul Tel: +82-2-760-1270 Fax: +82-2-744-6169 Homepage: http://kgss.skku.edu/
TAIWAN Taiwan Social Change Survey Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, Taipei Tel: 886-2-2787-1800 Fax: 886-2-2788-1740 Homepage: http://survey.sinica.edu.tw/
EASS 2008 Culture
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EASS 2008 Participants
Team Name Affiliation
CGSS
BIAN, Yanjie Professor, University of Minnesota Dean, School of Humanities and Social Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University
LI, Lulu Professor, Department of Sociology, Renmin University of China
HAO, Dahai Professor, Department of Sociology, Renmin University of China
YANG, Juhua Professor, Center for Population and Development Studies, Department of Demography, Renmin University of China
WANG, Weidong Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Renmin University of China
XIE, Guihua Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Renmin University of China
HUANG, Yingying Assistant Professor, School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China
JGSS
TANIOKA, Ichiro President, Professor, Osaka University of Commerce
NITTA, Michio Professor, Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo
MAEDA, Yukio Associate Professor, Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, Adjunct Associate Professor, Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo
IWAI, Noriko Director, JGSS Research Center Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, Osaka University of Commerce JGSS
YASUDA, Tokio Research Fellow, JGSS Research Center Associate Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, Osaka University of Commerce JGSS
SHISHIDO, Kuniaki Research Fellow, JGSS Research Center Lecturer, Faculty of Business Administration, Osaka University of Commerce JGSS
KOJIMA, Hiroshi Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, Waseda University
SASAKI, Takayuki Associate Research Fellow, JGSS Research Center, Osaka University of Commerce JGSS
MINATO, Kunio Lecturer, School of Foreign Studies, Osaka University
NAOI, Megumi Associate Professor, Department of Political Science University of California, San Diego
SUN, Yuwen Postdoctoral Fellow, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica
TANABE, Shunsuke Associate Professor, Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo
EASS 2008 Culture
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KGSS
KIM, Sang-Wook Professor, Department of Sociology, Sungkyunkwan University
KIM, Seokho Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Sungkyunkwan University
KIM, So Im Researcher, Survey Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University
KIM, Jong Su Researcher, Survey Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University
Choi, Set Byol Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Ewha womans University
TSCS
TSAI, Ming-Chan *EASS 2008 Convener
Dean, College of Social Sciences, National Taipei University
CHANG, Chin-fen Research Fellow, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica
TU, Su-Hao Associate Research Fellow, Center for Survey Research, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica
FU, Yang-chih Research Fellow, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica
CHANG, Ying-Wha Research Fellow, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica
CHANG, Han-pi Associate Professor, Graduate Institute of Hakka Social and Cultural Studies, National Central University
CHEN, Mei-hua Assistant Professor, Graduate Institute of Sociology, National Sun Yat-Sen University
SU, Shuo-bing Associate Professor, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang-Ming University
CHEN, Wan-chi Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, National Taipei University
LIN, Kuei-Hsiu Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, National Taipei University
SUN, Yuwen Postdoctoral Fellow, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica
EASS 2008 Culture
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Study Description
CGSS JGSS KGSS TSCS
Study Title Chinese General Social Survey 2008
(CGSS 2008) Japanese General Social Surveys 2008
2008 KGSS
(Korean General Social Survey) Taiwan Social Change Survey:
2008, Questionnaire II
Fieldwork Dates Sept.-Dec., 2008 2008-10-1~ 2008-12-7 2008-06-29 ~ 2008-08-30 2008-07-20 ~ 2008-09-18
Principal Investigators
Li Lulu , Bian Yanjie Ichiro TANIOKA and Noriko IWAI Sang-Wook Kim Ly-yun Chang
Fieldwork Institution
Millward Brown ACSR Central Research Services, Inc. Survey Research Center at Sungkyunkwan University
Center for Survey Research, Academia Sinica
Population All Chinese aged 18 and above Men and women 20-89 years of age
living in Japan the adult citizen aged 18 or over who
live in households of Korea Population registers
Sampling method
four stage PPS Two-stage stratified random
sampling; stratified by regional block and population size
Multi-stage area probability sampling
Three-stage Stratified PPS Sampling, (1) PSU=township
(2) village(administrative unit under township, (3) individual person
Fieldwork Methods
Face to face interview, filled in by interviewers
Both face-to-face interview and placement (self-administered) method
Face-to-face interviews Face-to-face interview (pencil and paper)
Initial Sample Size
6300 4003 2500 4601
N. of respondents
3010 2160 1508 2067
Valid Response Rates
47.77% (N. of R. / Initial Sample Size)
60.6% (JGSS’s official formula)
54.0%
(N. of R. / Initial Sample Size)
61.0% 44.93%
(N. of R. / Initial Sample Size)
Weighted Yes Yes No Yes
EASS 2008 Culture
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Overview of Questions
◇ Local Cultural Activities Japanese animation, Chinese movies, Korean TV drama
◇ Rituals in East Asia and Their Variations fortune-telling of name, auspicious or ominous day for special occasions
◇ Preferred Qualities of Friends Honest, Responsible, Intelligent, Cultured, Powerful, Wealthy, Loyal, Warm-hearted
◇ Values: Patriarchy/Gender Role (Gender Role, The authority of father in a family), Harmony, In-Group Orientation, Hierarchy/Authority, Uncertainty Avoidance/Risk Taking
◇ East Asian Identity: feeling of closeness to Response's city/town of residence, Response's Country, East Asia
◇ Entertainment Activities: Preference to genres of music(Western classical music, Rock music, Jazz/Blues, Popular music, [Country’s specific] traditional music), Engagement in sex-related entertainments in abroad
◇ Global Knowledge talk about international issues
◇ Media Usage sources learned international news
◇ Cultural Contacts Travel country or region have ever been to, Acquaintances from country or region (China Japan S. Korea Taiwan South East Asia Europe North America)
◇ Social Distance towards Other Countries : acceptance the people who are from each of the following countries or regions (China Japan S. Korea Taiwan South East Asia Europe North America / job, neighbor, marriage)
◇ International Migration approval or disapproval about increase of foreign workers and foreign brides
◇ Attitudes towards Globalization-Nationalism: Attitudes towards import of foreign products, Attitudes towards increased exposure to foreign films, music and books.
◇ Overall Evaluation about Globalization: The aspect of the Korea’s economy, job opportunities for Korea’s workers, the Korea’s environment
◇ Social Network How many people exchange holiday greetings( New Year celebration), How many people have contacts on an ordinary day, What occupations have contacts on an ordinary day
◇ Questions on Fluency in English: Reading a short article in English newspapers, Chatting with English speakers, Writing a letter in English
◇ Optional Questions (not KGSS) : Degree overseas(bachelor/master’s/doctoral degree), Participate in any professional training or on-the-job training for at least 5 days overseas, Work for a foreign capital company as your main job.
EASS 2008 Culture
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Variable List
v1 EASS Study Year 12
v2 Country 12
v3 Respondent Number 12
v4 How often Rs watch Japanese animation 12
v5 How often Rs watch Chinese movies 12
v6 How often Rs watch Korean TV drama 12
v7 R did fortune-telling of name when making child name 13
v8 How much Rs care about auspicious day for special occasions 13
v9 Preferred qualities of friends: Honest 13
v10 Preferred qualities of friends: Responsible 13
v11 Preferred qualities of friends: Intelligent 14
v12 Preferred qualities of friends: Cultured 14
v13 Preferred qualities of friends: Powerful 14
v14 Preferred qualities of friends: Wealthy 14
v15 Preferred qualities of friends: Loyal 15
v16 Preferred qualities of friends: Warm-hearted 15
v17 Important for wife to help husbands career 15
v17_jp Husband job is to earn money; wife job is to look after family 16
v18 Authority of father should be respected at any rates 16
v19 Should not oppose majority idea 16
v20 Should not express complaints about others 17
v21 Better to hire relatives or friends even if others are more qualified 17
v22 Honored if peopl from same town play important role in society 17
v23 Subordinate should obey superior instructions even if one disagree 18
v24 Better to let capable leaders decide everything 18
v25 Life full of risks and chances is more desirable than ordinary life 18
v26 Would invest extra money for high returns even if risky 19
v27 How close Rs feel to own city/town of residence 19
v28 How close Rs feel to own country 19
v29 How close Rs feel to East Asia 19
v30 How much Rs like Classical music 20
v31 How much Rs like Rock music 20
v32 How much Rs like Jazz and Blues 20
v33 How much Rs like Popular music 20
v34 How much Rs like Traditional music 21
v35 Know persons engaged in sex-related entertainments abroad 21
v36 Place of sex-related entertainments: East Asian countries 21
v37 Place of sex-related entertainments: South East Asian countries 21
v38 Place of sex-related entertainments: Europe 22
v39 Place of sex-related entertainments: North America 22
v40 Place of sex-related entertainments: Other 22
v41 How often Rs talk about international issues with others 22
v42 Sources of international news: Newspapers 23
v43 Sources of international news: Radio 23
v44 Sources of international news: TV 23
v45 Sources of international news: Internet 23
v46 Sources of international news: Persons 23
v47 Sources of international news: Other 24
v48 Country or Region Rs travelled: China 24
v49 Country or Region Rs travelled: Japan 24
v50 Country or Region Rs travelled: South Korea 24
v51 Country or Region Rs travelled: Taiwan 24
EASS 2008 Culture
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v52 Country or Region Rs travelled: South East Asia 25
v53 Country or Region Rs travelled: Europe 25
v54 Country or Region Rs travelled: North America 25
v55 Country or Region of acquaintances: China 25
v56 Country or Region of acquaintances: Japan 25
v57 Country or Region of acquaintances: South Korea 26
v58 Country or Region of acquaintances: Taiwan 26
v59 Country or Region of acquaintances: South East Asia 26
v60 Country or Region of acquaintances: Europe 26
v61 Country or Region of acquaintances: North America 26
v62 Would accept people from Japan as coworkers 27
v63 Would accept people from South Korea as coworkers 27
v64 Would accept people from Taiwan as coworkers 27
v65 Would accept people from China as coworkers 27
v66 Would accept people from South East Asia as coworkers 28
v67 Would accept people from Europe as coworkers 28
v68 Would accept people from North America as coworkers 28
v69 Would accept people from Japan as neighbors 28
v70 Would accept people from South Korea as neighbors 28
v71 Would accept people from Taiwan as neighbors 29
v72 Would accept people from China as neighbors 29
v73 Would accept people from South East Asia as neighbors 29
v74 Would accept people from Europe as neighbors 29
v75 Would accept people from North America as neighbors 29
v76 Would accept people from Japan as close kin by marriage 30
v77 Would accept people from South Korea as close kin by marriage 30
v78 Would accept people from Taiwan as close kin by marriage 30
v79 Would accept people from China as close kin by marriage 30
v80 Would accept people from South East Asia as close kin by marriage 30
v81 Would accept people from Europe as close kin by marriage 31
v82 Would accept people from North America as close kin by marriage 31
v83 Should increase or decrease foreign workers in Rs country 31
v84 Should increase or decrease foreign brides in Rs country 31
v84_tw1 Should increase or decrease foreign brides who are from South East Asian in Rs country 32
v84_tw2 Should increase or decrease foreign brides who are from China in Rs country 32
v84_tw3 Should increase or decrease foreign brides who are from other foreign country in Rs country 32
v85 Should limit import of foreign products 33
v86 Should follow national interest even if causing conflict with other nations 33
v87 Increased exposure to foreign culture is damaging own culture 33
v88 Mobility of people and capital is good or bad for economy 34
v89 Mobility of people and capital is good or bad for job opportunities for workers 34
v90 Mobility of people and capital is good or bad for environment 34
v91 Numbers of acquaintances contacts during last New Year Celebration 35
v92 Numbers of family members contacts during last New Year Celebration 35
v93 Numbers of acquaintances contacts on an ordinary day 35
v94 Numbers of family members contacts on an ordinary day 36
v95 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Legislators, senior officials 36
v96 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Managers 36
v97 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Professionals 36
v98 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Tech or associate professionals 37
v99 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Clerical support workers 37
v100 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Service or sales workers 37
v101 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Agri, forestry or fishery workers 37
v102 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Craft or trade workers 37
v103 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Machine operators or assemblers 38
v104 Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Elementary occupations 38
EASS 2008 Culture
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v105 Self-Assessed English ability: Reading short article 38
v106 Self-Assessed English ability: Chatting with English Speakers 38
v107 Self-Assessed English ability: Writing a letter 39
s1_cjt Bachelor/master/doctoral degree overseas 39
s2_cjt Professional training or on-the-job training overseas 39
cn_frcap Working for a foreign capital company: China 39
jp_frcap Working for a foreign capital company: Japan 40
tw_frcap Working for a foreign capital company: Taiwan 40
sex R: Sex 40
age R: Age 40
marital R: Marital status 41
relig R: Religious main groups 41
topbot R: Top bottom self-placement 10 pt scale 41
urbrural R: Self-assessment of community type 42
cn_reg Region: China 42
jp_reg Region: Japan 43
kr_reg Region: South Korea 43
tw_reg Region: Taiwan 43
happy R: General happiness 44
happy_kr R: General happiness: Korea 44
educyrs R: Education I: years of schooling 44
degree R: Education II: highest education level 45
Inschl R: Education I sub: still in school 45
wrkst R: Current working status 45
fullpart R: Working full- or part-time 46
wrkhrs R: Working hours per week 46
empcntrt R: Employment contract of wage employees 46
wrktype R: Employment sector 46
whynowrk R: Reasons for having no current work income 47
isco88 R: Occupation ILO, ISCO 1988 4-digit 47
cn_rinc R: Earnings from main job: China 47
jp_rinc R: Earnings from main job: Japan 48
kr_rinc R: Earnings from main job: Korea 48
tw_rinc R: Earnings from jobs (both main and part-time jobs): Taiwan 49
cn_rincx R: Income other than main job: China 49
jp_rincx R: Income other than main job: Japan 50
kr_rincx R: Income other than main job: Korea 50
tw_rincx R: Income other than jobs: Taiwan 50
hhdnum Number of household members 51
cn_hinc Total household income: China 51
jp_hinc Total household income: Japan 51
kr_hinc Total household income: Korea 52
tw_hinc Total household income: Taiwan 53
rltvhinc Household income compared 53
weight Weighting factor 53
spage SP: Age 54
spedyrs SP: Education I: years of schooling 54
spdegr SP: Education II: highest education level 55
spinschl SP: Education I sub: still in school 55
spwrkst SP: Current working status 55
spfullpt SP: Working full- or part-time 55
spwrkhrs SP: Working hours per week 56
spempcnt SP: Employment contract of wage employees 56
spwktype SP: Employment sector 56
spnowrk SP: Reasons for having no current work income 56
spisco88 SP: Occupation ILO, ISCO 1988 4-digit 57
EASS 2008 Culture
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cn_spinc SP: Earnings from main job: China 57
jp_spinc SP: Earnings from main job: Japan 58
kr_spinc SP: Earnings from main job: Korea 58
tw_spinc SP: Earnings from jobs (both main and part-time jobs): Taiwan 59
cn_sincx SP: Income other than main job: China 59
jp_sincx Income other than main job: Japan 59
kr_sincx SP: Income other than main job: Korea 60
tw_sincx SP: Income other than jobs: Taiwan 60
paedyrs PA: Education I: years of schooling 60
padegr PA: Education II: highest education level 61
maedyrs MA: Education I: years of schooling 61
madegr MA: Education II: highest education level 61
EASS 2008 Culture
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Data Documentation and Cross-national Frequencies
1. v1
EASS Study Year
2. v2
Country
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 CN-China 100.0 - - -
2 JP-Japan - 100.0 - -
3 KR-South Korea - - 100.0 -
4 TW-Taiwan - - - 100.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
3. v3
Respondent Number
A: Local cultural activities
4. v4
How often Rs watch Japanese animation
A1: How often do you watch Japanese animation?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Often 3.8 11.3 5.4 10.9
2 Sometimes 11.0 35.7 22.3 22.4
3 Seldom 24.9 27.7 21.7 34.1
4 Not at all 60.3 24.4 50.5 32.6
8 DK, refused 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
5. v5
How often Rs watch Chinese movies
A2: How often do you watch Chinese movies?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Often 14.8 0.9 3.3 14.0
2 Sometimes 33.8 13.5 33.8 32.3
3 Seldom 26.6 27.1 28.4 37.6
4 Not at all 24.7 57.6 34.4 16.1
8 DK, refused 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
6. v6
How often Rs watch Korean TV drama
A3: How often do you watch Korean TV drama?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Often 11.1 4.0 44.8 11.2
2 Sometimes 28.8 19.0 40.9 21.7
3 Seldom 28.8 25.1 9.5 35.3
4 Not at all 31.2 51.1 4.7 31.7
8 DK, refused 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
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B: Rituals in East Asia and Their Variations
7. v7
R did fortune-telling of name when making child name
B1: (Only those who have child) Did you do fortune-telling of name, when you thought your child’s name?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 17.2 51.1 42.4 64.3
2 No 82.8 48.7 57.6 35.6
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1
n 2565 1688 1119 1412
9 Not applicable: Never had child
8. v8
How much Rs care about auspicious day for special occasions
B2: To what extent do you care about auspicious or ominous day for special occasions such as wedding, moving,
or funeral ceremony?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very much 30.4 15.9 12.0 32.2
2 Fairly much 36.4 59.2 25.8 41.5
3 Not too much 21.1 19.3 32.6 13.9
4 Not at all 12.1 5.4 29.2 12.3
8 DK, Refused 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
C: Preferred qualities of friends
When you associate with your personal friend, how important is each of the following qualities?
9. v9
Preferred qualities of friends: Honest
a. Honest
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very important 57.5 21.9 72.3 60.2
2 Important 39.8 61.8 23.1 35.1
3 Neither important nor unimportant 2.2 13.1 3.8 3.0
4 Not important 0.4 2.2 0.5 1.1
5 Not important at all 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.3
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.3
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
10. v10
Preferred qualities of friends: Responsible
b. Responsible
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very important 50.7 15.9 60.4 44.5
2 Important 44.4 58.3 32.5 46.4
3 Neither important nor unimportant 3.7 20.5 6.2 6.6
4 Not important 1.2 3.9 0.7 1.8
5 Not important at all 0.1 1.0 0.1 0.2
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.4
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
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11. v11
Preferred qualities of friends: Intelligent
c. Intelligent
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very important 25.4 2.5 17.1 3.2
2 Important 45.4 14.7 35.6 22.0
3 Neither important nor unimportant 22.8 47.6 34.1 53.8
4 Not important 6.0 26.3 10.4 18.6
5 Not important at all 0.3 8.4 2.5 1.9
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.4
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
12. v12
Preferred qualities of friends: Cultured
d. Cultured
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very important 17.8 2.9 16.6 4.4
2 Important 42.4 20.2 36.8 30.9
3 Neither important nor unimportant 30.3 48.8 35.5 47.7
4 Not important 8.7 20.4 9.0 14.3
5 Not important at all 0.7 7.2 1.8 2.0
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.7
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
13. v13
Preferred qualities of friends: Powerful
e. Powerful
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very important 17.2 0.5 3.4 1.0
2 Important 35.7 3.0 10.1 8.4
3 Neither important nor unimportant 25.5 31.3 38.7 36.0
4 Not important 19.7 39.3 34.7 45.6
5 Not important at all 1.8 25.5 12.9 8.6
8 DK, refused 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.4
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
14. v14
Preferred qualities of friends: Wealthy
f. Wealthy
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very important 15.4 0.6 2.8 0.9
2 Important 33.5 3.1 12.0 4.3
3 Neither important nor unimportant 28.1 33.8 41.0 32.6
4 Not important 21.0 37.3 32.4 51.2
5 Not important at all 2.0 24.6 11.5 10.6
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.4
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
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15. v15
Preferred qualities of friends: Loyal
g. Loyal
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very important 42.3 7.0 32.6 27.5
2 Important 48.8 36.6 41.2 55.9
3 Neither important nor unimportant 7.4 35.0 20.6 13.3
4 Not important 1.3 13.6 4.5 2.4
5 Not important at all 0.1 7.0 1.0 0.4
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.5
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
16. v16
Preferred qualities of friends: Warm-hearted
h. Warm-hearted
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very important 39.2 26.7 51.3 22.3
2 Important 51.2 57.0 39.1 56.9
3 Neither important nor unimportant 8.3 13.3 8.3 17.0
4 Not important 1.1 1.6 1.0 3.0
5 Not important at all 0.1 1.2 0.1 0.3
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.4
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
D: Values
D1: Patriarchy/Gender Role
17. v17
Important for wife to help husbands career
(a) It is more important for a wife to help her husband’s career than to pursue her own career.
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Strongly agree 12.6 - 18.1 10.8
2 Agree 47.7 - 18.4 38.8
3 Somewhat agree 14.4 - 24.1 13.1
4 Neither agree nor disagree 10.8 - 17.1 12.7
5 Somewhat disagree 6.6 - 13.6 7.8
6 Disagree 7.3 - 5.5 14.5
7 Strongly disagree 0.7 - 3.1 1.9
77 JPTW: not asked - 100.0 - -
88 DK, refused 0.0 - 0.1 0.3
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
16
18. v17_jp
Husband job is to earn money; wife job is to look after family
A husband’s job is to earn money; a wife’s job is to look after the home and family.
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Strongly agree - 2.8 - -
2 Agree - 9.5 - -
3 Somewhat agree - 24.9 - -
4 Neither agree nor disagree - 42.5 - -
5 Somewhat disagree - 9.5 - -
6 Disagree - 8.1 - -
7 Strongly disagree - 2.5 - -
8 DK, refused - 0.1 - -
n - 2160 - -
9 Not applicable
19. v18
Authority of father should be respected at any rates
(b) The authority of father in a family should be respected under any circumstances.
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Strongly agree 24.7 3.8 27.2 16.3
2 Agree 48.0 18.6 24.9 55.4
3 Somewhat agree 14.2 36.3 27.7 11.9
4 Neither agree nor disagree 6.2 29.6 9.2 6.0
5 Somewhat disagree 3.3 5.9 7.6 4.7
6 Disagree 3.4 4.4 2.1 5.0
7 Strongly disagree 0.3 1.3 0.9 0.5
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
D2: Harmony
20. v19
Should not oppose majority idea
(a) It is not desirable to oppose an idea which the majority of people accept, even if it is different from one’s
own.
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Strongly agree 4.7 0.6 10.3 6.2
2 Agree 53.1 7.0 23.3 53.5
3 Somewhat agree 18.5 27.5 27.2 14.7
4 Neither agree nor disagree 8.5 42.4 16.6 6.0
5 Somewhat disagree 7.9 13.8 15.2 8.9
6 Disagree 6.8 6.5 5.5 9.0
7 Strongly disagree 0.6 2.0 1.5 1.3
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.4
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
17
21. v20
Should not express complaints about others
(b) One should not express one’s complaints about others in order to have good relationship with them.
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Strongly agree 6.7 1.3 10.8 3.3
2 Agree 44.1 9.5 25.0 44.1
3 Somewhat agree 23.0 26.6 30.2 17.8
4 Neither agree nor disagree 11.9 34.9 11.9 7.6
5 Somewhat disagree 7.1 20.1 17.0 13.1
6 Disagree 6.7 6.2 3.4 12.9
7 Strongly disagree 0.4 1.1 1.3 0.8
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.4
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
D3: In-Group Orientation
22. v21
Better to hire relatives or friends even if others are more qualified
(a) When hiring someone at a private company, even if an unacquainted person is more qualified, it would still
be better to give the opportunity to relatives or friends.
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Strongly agree 5.8 0.4 2.4 2.2
2 Agree 33.5 4.4 7.1 18.4
3 Somewhat agree 18.7 13.5 10.7 8.3
4 Neither agree nor disagree 14.2 37.9 10.9 7.6
5 Somewhat disagree 11.2 24.9 29.4 13.8
6 Disagree 15.7 14.9 25.2 42.9
7 Strongly disagree 0.8 3.7 14.2 6.2
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.6
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
23. v22
Honored if peopl from same town play important role in society
(b) I would be honored when people who come from the same town play an important role in society.
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Strongly agree 12.6 4.2 14.4 12.1
2 Agree 47.2 22.3 25.4 54.4
3 Somewhat agree 19.5 36.0 28.1 12.7
4 Neither agree nor disagree 15.0 31.3 18.2 11.4
5 Somewhat disagree 3.1 2.5 6.8 2.5
6 Disagree 2.5 2.7 4.6 6.1
7 Strongly disagree 0.2 0.6 2.2 0.3
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.4
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
18
D4: Hierarchy/Authority
24. v23
Subordinate should obey superior instructions even if one disagree
(a) A subordinate should obey the superiors' instructions, even if the person cannot agree with them.
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Strongly agree 7.2 0.8 6.0 6.9
2 Agree 47.7 8.3 12.1 50.6
3 Somewhat agree 22.2 26.7 25.6 16.6
4 Neither agree nor disagree 9.4 40.0 15.1 3.9
5 Somewhat disagree 7.5 15.2 25.6 10.8
6 Disagree 5.7 6.9 10.7 10.5
7 Strongly disagree 0.3 1.8 4.8 0.5
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.3
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
25. v24
Better to let capable leaders decide everything
(b) If we have capable leaders, it is better to let them decide everything.
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Strongly agree 8.0 1.1 7.9 6.8
2 Agree 42.6 10.5 13.9 47.9
3 Somewhat agree 20.7 25.5 22.0 14.6
4 Neither agree nor disagree 11.8 42.0 12.2 4.3
5 Somewhat disagree 8.8 13.3 26.8 13.5
6 Disagree 7.6 6.5 12.2 11.4
7 Strongly disagree 0.4 0.7 4.8 0.8
8 DK, refused 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.7
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
D5: Uncertainty Avoidance/Risk Taking
26. v25
Life full of risks and chances is more desirable than ordinary life
(a) A life full of risks and chances is more desirable than an ordinary and stable life.
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Strongly agree 5.0 1.3 8.2 2.0
2 Agree 31.2 7.3 16.2 18.1
3 Somewhat agree 17.2 15.5 21.4 10.3
4 Neither agree nor disagree 14.7 41.9 19.2 7.0
5 Somewhat disagree 11.8 21.7 23.3 12.3
6 Disagree 18.5 10.2 9.4 45.1
7 Strongly disagree 1.6 1.8 1.9 4.7
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
19
27. v26
Would invest extra money for high returns even if risky
(b) With extra money, I would invest in items for high returns even if they are risky.
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Strongly agree 5.5 0.8 3.6 3.3
2 Agree 28.9 3.0 10.5 24.7
3 Somewhat agree 17.8 9.1 16.8 14.4
4 Neither agree nor disagree 15.2 23.0 12.2 5.0
5 Somewhat disagree 11.9 26.4 30.7 9.9
6 Disagree 18.5 29.5 19.1 36.9
7 Strongly disagree 2.1 8.1 6.7 5.5
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.3
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
E: East Asian Identity (The symbolic images of East Asia)
How close do you feel to…
28. v27
How close Rs feel to own city/town of residence
a) Your city/town of residence
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very close 45.4 28.5 24.5 38.6
2 Somewhat close 44.9 60.2 53.5 46.3
3 Not so close 8.3 9.6 19.2 13.5
4 Not at all close 1.4 1.5 2.3 1.5
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.1
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
29. v28
How close Rs feel to own country
b) [Country]
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very close 48.6 51.8 34.7 39.6
2 Somewhat close 44.4 43.4 53.0 47.8
3 Not so close 6.5 3.2 11.1 11.0
4 Not at all close 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.4
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.9 0.5 0.2
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
30. v29
How close Rs feel to East Asia
c) East Asia
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very close 2.4 3.9 3.5 1.3
2 Somewhat close 7.7 27.7 36.3 10.2
3 Not so close 21.7 40.9 47.0 35.8
4 Not at all close 68.1 25.4 11.5 51.7
8 DK, refused 0.0 2.1 1.6 1.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
20
F: Entertainment activities
F1: How much do you like the following genres of music?
31. v30
How much Rs like Classical music
a) [Western] classical music
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Like very much 2.0 6.1 5.6 5.2
2 Like 18.4 35.0 23.5 36.0
3 Neutral 29.2 46.7 41.3 27.7
4 Dislike 39.1 9.5 12.1 23.4
5 Dislike very much 11.1 1.7 7.6 3.0
7 KR: never listened - - 9.4 -
8 DK, refused 0.2 1.1 0.5 4.7
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
32. v31
How much Rs like Rock music
b) Rock music
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Like very much 2.3 4.4 3.9 2.3
2 Like 18.0 19.6 18.3 23.1
3 Neutral 27.4 49.1 31.4 30.1
4 Dislike 40.3 21.0 23.3 35.2
5 Dislike very much 11.9 4.5 13.3 4.8
7 KR: never listened - - 9.4 -
8 DK, refused 0.1 1.3 0.5 4.4
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
33. v32
How much Rs like Jazz and Blues
c) Jazz/Blues
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Like very much 1.8 3.9 4.4 3.6
2 Like 10.4 26.1 26.1 29.1
3 Neutral 34.4 52.0 37.8 32.7
4 Dislike 41.7 13.1 15.9 26.0
5 Dislike very much 11.6 3.2 6.8 2.9
7 KR: never listened - - 8.6 -
8 DK, refused 0.1 1.5 0.5 5.7
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
34. v33
How much Rs like Popular music
d) Popular music
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Like very much 9.9 9.7 25.1 11.6
2 Like 45.2 47.8 55.0 59.4
3 Neutral 21.5 33.6 14.4 17.7
4 Dislike 17.9 6.1 2.5 8.5
5 Dislike very much 5.3 1.5 0.9 1.3
7 KR: never listened - - 1.7 -
8 DK, refused 0.1 1.3 0.3 1.6
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
21
35. v34
How much Rs like Traditional music
e) [Country’s specific] traditional music
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Like very much 12.0 10.5 13.6 5.3
2 Like 38.6 32.3 37.0 37.6
3 Neutral 25.5 39.6 36.4 30.9
4 Dislike 20.8 13.7 9.0 22.4
5 Dislike very much 3.0 3.7 2.0 2.6
7 KR: never listened - - 1.7 -
8 DK, refused 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.2
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
36. v35
Know persons engaged in sex-related entertainments abroad
F2: When people go abroad, some of them may engage in sex-related entertainments. Do you know that any of
your friends, coworkers, or neighbors had any of these when they went abroad?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes, many of them 0.4 2.1 2.1 7.4
2 Yes, some of them 1.7 10.8 12.1 21.4
3 Yes, few of them 2.0 15.8 15.8 18.7
4 None of them 56.3 23.0 62.4 28.2
5 I don’t know 39.5 47.9 7.5 24.3
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
F3: If they did, do you happen to know in which countries they had those sex-related entertainments? (plural
answers)
37. v36
Place of sex-related entertainments: East Asian countries
(1) East Asian countries
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 19.5 31.2 38.1 31.9
2 No 80.5 65.4 60.8 66.5
8 DK, refused 0.0 3.4 1.1 1.6
n 123 621 454 982
9 Not applicable
38. v37
Place of sex-related entertainments: South East Asian countries
(2) South East Asian countries
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 53.7 61.2 72.9 85.3
2 No 46.3 35.4 26.0 13.0
8 DK, refused 0.0 3.4 1.1 1.6
N 123 621 454 982
9 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Culture
22
39. v38
Place of sex-related entertainments: Europe
(3) Europe
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 30.9 5.5 9.0 5.9
2 No 69.1 91.1 89.9 92.5
8 DK, refused 0.0 3.4 1.1 1.6
n 123 621 454 982
9 Not applicable
40. v39
Place of sex-related entertainments: North America
(4) North America
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 8.9 6.0 4.8 4.5
2 No 91.1 90.7 94.1 93.9
8 DK, refused 0.0 3.4 1.1 1.6
n 123 621 454 982
9 Not applicable
41. v40
Place of sex-related entertainments: Other
(5) Other (please specify: )
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 5.7 0.5 2.2 0.4
2 No 94.3 96.1 96.7 98.0
8 DK, refused 0.0 3.4 1.1 1.6
n 123 621 454 982
9 Not applicable
G: Global Knowledge
42. v41
How often Rs talk about international issues with others
G1: How often do you talk about international issues with your families, friends, or other people?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Almost everyday 5.5 2.5 3.4 7.0
2 Several times a week 12.3 9.2 11.1 18.1
3 About once a week 11.7 13.1 16.1 16.3
4 About once a month 13.4 17.0 20.1 13.8
5 Several times a year 15.4 24.8 17.7 14.9
6 About once a year 5.4 8.1 6.2 3.5
7 Never 36.3 24.4 25.2 26.0
8 DK, refused 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.3
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
23
H: Media Usage
H1: From which of the following sources do you learn international news? Check ALL that apply.
43. v42
Sources of international news: Newspapers
(1) Newspapers
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 40.3 68.2 42.9 56.2
2 No 59.6 31.7 57.0 42.8
8 DK, refused 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
44. v43
Sources of international news: Radio
(2) Radio
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 11.1 22.6 12.7 15.8
2 No 88.8 77.3 87.2 83.2
8 DK, refused 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
45. v44
Sources of international news: TV
(3) TV
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 92.9 95.4 79.3 93.9
2 No 7.1 4.5 20.6 5.1
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
46. v45
Sources of international news: Internet
(4) Internet
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 17.8 29.1 46.3 43.8
2 No 82.1 70.8 53.6 55.2
8 DK, refused 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
47. v46
Sources of international news: Persons
(5) Persons
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 16.6 18.4 25.8 27.0
2 No 83.2 81.5 74.1 72.0
8 DK, refused 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
24
48. v47
Sources of international news: Other
(6) Other
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 2.4 3.4 0.7 2.8
2 No 97.4 96.5 99.1 96.3
8 DK, refused 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
I: Cultural contacts
I1: [Travel] Have you ever been to (country or region)?
49. v48
Country or Region Rs travelled: China
a) China
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes - 14.2 23.7 36.4
2 No - 85.3 75.9 63.6
3 DK, refused - 0.6 0.3 0.0
n - 2160 1508 2067
9 Not applicable
50. v49
Country or Region Rs travelled: Japan
b) Japan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 0.8 - 23.7 34.3
2 No 99.2 - 76.1 65.7
8 DK, refused 0.0 - 0.3 0.0
n 3010 - 1508 2067
9 Not applicable
51. v50
Country or Region Rs travelled: South Korea
c) South Korea
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 0.5 19.0 - 15.0
2 No 99.5 80.4 - 85.0
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 - 0.0
n 3010 2160 - 2067
9 Not applicable
52. v51
Country or Region Rs travelled: Taiwan
d) Taiwan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 0.7 12.8 5.5 -
2 No 99.3 86.7 94.0 -
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 0.5 -
n 3010 2160 1508 -
9 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Culture
25
53. v52
Country or Region Rs travelled: South East Asia
e) South East Asia
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 1.3 18.2 26.5 42.5
2 No 98.7 81.3 73.3 57.5
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
54. v53
Country or Region Rs travelled: Europe
f) Europe
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 0.8 17.7 10.4 13.2
2 No 99.2 81.7 89.3 86.8
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
55. v54
Country or Region Rs travelled: North America
g) North America
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 0.5 23.5 9.2 17.0
2 No 99.5 75.9 90.5 83.0
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
I2: [Acquaintances] Do you have acquaintances from (country or region)?
56. v55
Country or Region of acquaintances: China
a) China
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes - 11.5 15.5 30.9
2 No - 87.5 83.4 69.1
8 DK, refused - 0.9 1.2 0.0
n - 2160 1508 2067
9 Not applicable
57. v56
Country or Region of acquaintances: Japan
b) Japan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 1.9 - 13.4 16.7
2 No 98.1 - 85.4 83.3
8 DK, refused 0.0 - 1.2 0.0
n 3010 - 1508 2067
9 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Culture
26
58. v57
Country or Region of acquaintances: South Korea
c) South Korea
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 1.2 10.4 - 7.1
2 No 98.8 88.7 - 92.9
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.9 - 0.0
n 3010 2160 - 2067
9 Not applicable
59. v58
Country or Region of acquaintances: Taiwan
d) Taiwan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 1.7 4.0 2.3 -
2 No 98.3 95.0 96.4 -
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.9 1.3 -
n 3010 2160 1508 -
9 Not applicable
60. v59
Country or Region of acquaintances: South East Asia
e) South East Asia
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 1.4 6.8 8.4 19.8
2 No 98.6 92.3 90.3 80.1
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.9 1.3 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
61. v60
Country or Region of acquaintances: Europe
f) Europe
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 1.5 5.3 6.2 6.8
2 No 98.5 93.8 92.5 93.2
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.9 1.3 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
62. v61
Country or Region of acquaintances: North America
g) North America
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 1.5 9.0 11.2 14.5
2 No 98.5 90.1 87.5 85.5
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.9 1.3 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
27
J: Social Distance towards Other Countries
How would you feel about having members of the people from the following countries or regions?
Can you accept the people who are from each of the following countries or regions? (Do not ask about your own
country or region.)
J1:Working alongside me in my job
63. v62
Would accept people from Japan as coworkers
Japan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 33.7 - 80.2 77.3
2 No 66.3 - 19.3 19.2
8 DK, refused 0.0 - 0.5 3.5
n 3010 - 1508 2067
9 Not applicable
64. v63
Would accept people from South Korea as coworkers
South Korea
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 50.2 66.3 - 58.0
2 No 49.7 28.3 - 37.5
8 DK, refused 0.1 5.4 - 4.5
n 3010 2160 - 2067
9 Not applicable
65. v64
Would accept people from Taiwan as coworkers
Taiwan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 66.3 68.5 78.8 -
2 No 33.6 25.9 20.6 -
8 DK, refused 0.1 5.6 0.6 -
n 3010 2160 1508 -
9 Not applicable
66. v65
Would accept people from China as coworkers
China
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes - 62.1 77.0 60.5
2 No - 32.7 22.3 35.3
8 DK, refused - 5.2 0.7 4.2
n - 2160 1508 2067
9 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Culture
28
67. v66
Would accept people from South East Asia as coworkers
South East Asia
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 47.2 65.4 76.7 64.3
2 No 52.8 28.7 22.5 31.1
8 DK, refused 0.1 6.0 0.8 4.6
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
68. v67
Would accept people from Europe as coworkers
Europe
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 46.9 70.2 82.4 69.2
2 No 53.1 24.1 17.0 25.6
8 DK, refused 0.1 5.7 0.7 5.2
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
69. v68
Would accept people from North America as coworkers
North America
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 42.6 70.7 81.2 71.5
2 No 57.4 23.7 18.1 23.6
8 DK, refused 0.1 5.6 0.7 4.9
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
J2: On my street as neighbors
70. v69
Would accept people from Japan as neighbors
Japan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 33.2 - 84.9 83.6
2 No 66.7 - 14.3 13.2
8 DK, refused 0.0 - 0.8 3.2
n 3010 - 1508 2067
9 Not applicable
71. v70
Would accept people from South Korea as neighbors
South Korea
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 51.9 65.4 - 66.6
2 No 48.1 29.7 - 29.5
8 DK, refused 0.1 5.0 - 4.0
n 3010 2160 - 2067
9 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Culture
29
72. v71
Would accept people from Taiwan as neighbors
Taiwan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 67.3 67.1 82.3 -
2 No 32.6 27.8 16.6 -
8 DK, refused 0.1 5.1 1.1 -
n 3010 2160 1508 -
9 Not applicable
73. v72
Would accept people from China as neighbors
China
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes - 60.3 80.8 65.1
2 No - 34.7 18.1 31.1
8 DK, refused - 5.0 1.1 3.8
n - 2160 1508 2067
9 Not applicable
74. v73
Would accept people from South East Asia as neighbors
South East Asia
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 45.8 63.3 79.8 67.3
2 No 54.1 31.3 18.9 28.5
8 DK, refused 0.1 5.3 1.3 4.2
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
75. v74
Would accept people from Europe as neighbors
Europe
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 45.9 70.7 85.3 76.5
2 No 54.0 24.1 13.5 19.1
8 DK, refused 0.1 5.2 1.1 4.4
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
76. v75
Would accept people from North America as neighbors
North America
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 42.2 71.4 84.0 77.2
2 No 57.8 23.6 14.8 18.6
8 DK, refused 0.1 5.0 1.3 4.2
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
30
J3: As close kin by marriage
77. v76
Would accept people from Japan as close kin by marriage
Japan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 27.9 - 65.9 75.9
2 No 72.1 - 33.6 20.5
8 DK, refused 0.0 - 0.5 3.6
n 3010 - 1508 2067
9 Not applicable
78. v77
Would accept people from South Korea as close kin by marriage
South Korea
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 43.9 56.4 - 60.7
2 No 56.1 38.1 - 35.0
8 DK, refused 0.0 5.4 - 4.3
n 3010 2160 - 2067
9 Not applicable
79. v78
Would accept people from Taiwan as close kin by marriage
Taiwan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 62.4 58.4 61.4 -
2 No 37.6 36.0 37.8 -
8 DK, refused 0.0 5.6 0.8 -
n 3010 2160 1508 -
9 Not applicable
80. v79
Would accept people from China as close kin by marriage
China
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes - 53.1 60.2 63.6
2 No - 41.3 38.9 32.3
8 DK, refused - 5.6 0.9 4.1
n - 2160 1508 2067
9 Not applicable
81. v80
Would accept people from South East Asia as close kin by marriage
South East Asia
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 40.8 54.6 59.0 59.9
2 No 59.1 39.6 39.9 35.7
8 DK, refused 0.0 5.8 1.1 4.4
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
31
82. v81
Would accept people from Europe as close kin by marriage
Europe
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 41.3 64.0 66.1 68.8
2 No 58.7 30.5 32.9 26.5
8 DK, refused 0.0 5.6 1.0 4.7
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
83. v82
Would accept people from North America as close kin by marriage
North America
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 36.8 64.8 65.1 70.0
2 No 63.2 29.7 33.8 25.5
8 DK, refused 0.0 5.5 1.1 4.5
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
K: International Migration
84. v83
Should increase or decrease foreign workers in Rs country
K1: Would you like foreign workers to increase or decrease in [country/region]?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Increase greatly 5.9 2.0 2.2 3.2
2 Increase some 37.5 16.7 17.7 13.4
3 Stay the same 31.3 52.4 27.1 22.9
4 Decrease some 21.4 21.2 38.7 33.7
5 Decrease greatly 3.9 6.6 11.2 23.5
8 DK, refused 0.1 1.1 3.1 3.3
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
85. v84
Should increase or decrease foreign brides in Rs country
K2: Would you like foreign brides to increase or decrease in [country/region]?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Increase greatly 5.5 1.8 2.0 -
2 Increase some 34.5 12.6 19.6 -
3 Stay the same 35.2 59.4 29.0 -
4 Decrease some 21.5 18.6 36.1 -
5 Decrease greatly 3.3 6.1 10.1 -
7 TW: not asked - - - 100.0
8 DK, refused 0.1 1.5 3.2 -
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
32
86. v84_tw1
Should increase or decrease foreign brides who are from South East Asian in Rs country
Would you like foreign brides who are from South East Asian to increase or decrease in Taiwan?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Increase greatly - - - 0.8
2 Increase some - - - 5.2
3 Stay the same - - - 28.9
4 Decrease some - - - 39.4
5 Decrease greatly - - - 21.5
8 DK, Refused - - - 4.2
n - - - 2067
9 Not applicable
87. v84_tw2
Should increase or decrease foreign brides who are from China in Rs country
Would you like foreign brides who are from China to increase or decrease in Taiwan?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Increase greatly - - - 0.8
2 Increase some - - - 6.4
3 Stay the same - - - 30.9
4 Decrease some - - - 36.4
5 Decrease greatly - - - 21.4
8 DK, Refused - - - 4.1
n - - - 2067
9 Not applicable
88. v84_tw3
Should increase or decrease foreign brides who are from other foreign country in Rs country
Would you like foreign brides who are from other foreign country to increase or decrease in Taiwan?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Increase greatly - - - 0.9
2 Increase some - - - 11.1
3 Stay the same - - - 39.8
4 Decrease some - - - 30.5
5 Decrease greatly - - - 12.8
8 DK, Refused - - - 4.9
n - - - 2067
9 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Culture
33
L: Attitudes towards Globalization-Nationalism
Now we would like to ask a few questions about relations between (country/region, e.g. South Korea) and other
countries. How much do you agree or disagree with these statements?
89. v85
Should limit import of foreign products
L1: (Country/region) should limit the import of foreign products in order to protect its national economy.
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Strongly agree 7.1 2.6 6.8 6.7
2 Agree 38.5 11.1 12.3 30.8
3 Somewhat agree 17.2 21.9 26.6 13.9
4 Neither agree nor disagree 13.3 45.8 20.0 9.7
5 Somewhat disagree 9.4 11.3 21.8 11.6
6 Disagree 13.2 5.2 9.2 23.4
7 Strongly disagree 1.3 1.6 3.1 3.0
8 DK, refused 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
90. v86
Should follow national interest even if causing conflict with other nations
L2: (Country/region) should follow its national interests even if these would lead to conflicts with other
nations.
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Strongly agree 18.1 3.0 10.6 15.5
2 Agree 48.8 12.7 20.9 51.3
3 Somewhat agree 17.2 26.4 29.7 10.5
4 Neither agree nor disagree 9.9 43.5 17.0 5.3
5 Somewhat disagree 3.4 8.8 16.1 7.2
6 Disagree 2.2 4.0 4.3 8.5
7 Strongly disagree 0.4 1.0 1.1 0.5
8 DK, refused 0.1 0.5 0.3 1.1
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
91. v87
Increased exposure to foreign culture is damaging own culture
L3: Increased exposure to foreign films, music and books is damaging our own culture.
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Strongly agree 2.3 0.8 6.1 1.0
2 Agree 18.4 3.1 11.3 8.5
3 Somewhat agree 14.0 8.2 21.9 3.9
4 Neither agree nor disagree 23.7 54.6 21.9 10.0
5 Somewhat disagree 16.4 14.8 24.0 11.0
6 Disagree 22.1 13.8 11.4 51.8
7 Strongly disagree 2.9 4.0 3.2 12.0
8 DK, refused 0.1 0.6 0.3 1.7
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
34
M: Overall Evaluation about Globalization
Mobility of people, goods, and capital etc. has been increasing among countries/regions, do you think it is good
or bad for ...
92. v88
Mobility of people and capital is good or bad for economy
M1: The (country/region)’s economy
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very good 12.2 4.9 4.4 8.7
2 Good 52.4 20.0 14.8 51.9
3 Somewhat good 21.7 24.8 45.5 10.8
4 Neither good nor bad 7.9 27.9 16.8 8.5
5 Somewhat bad 2.3 6.8 13.6 5.9
6 Bad 1.8 3.8 2.3 8.7
7 Very bad 0.2 1.2 0.9 1.5
8 Can’t choose 1.5 10.6 1.8 4.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
93. v89
Mobility of people and capital is good or bad for job opportunities for workers
M2: Job opportunities for (country/region)’s workers
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very good 10.2 2.2 2.1 5.0
2 Good 45.4 11.9 9.2 42.8
3 Somewhat good 21.9 18.3 29.6 10.6
4 Neither good nor bad 10.7 33.1 19.5 8.7
5 Somewhat bad 6.1 15.0 30.9 10.7
6 Bad 3.4 7.3 5.2 15.5
7 Very bad 0.8 1.9 1.8 3.6
8 Can’t choose 1.4 10.3 1.7 3.1
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
94. v90
Mobility of people and capital is good or bad for environment
M3: The (country/region)’s environment
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very good 4.2 1.5 2.1 3.0
2 Good 29.1 8.0 4.3 36.0
3 Somewhat good 17.8 16.8 19.4 11.8
4 Neither good nor bad 21.7 38.9 30.9 15.7
5 Somewhat bad 12.8 15.6 32.4 12.8
6 Bad 9.6 7.5 7.2 14.1
7 Very bad 2.5 1.5 1.7 2.3
8 Can’t choose 2.3 10.2 2.0 4.3
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
35
N: Social Network
95. v91
Numbers of acquaintances contacts during last New Year Celebration
N1: During the last [Chinese] New Year celebration, with how many people other than family members or
relatives did you exchange holiday greetings through telephone, mails, internet, home visits, or gatherings?
Your best estimates are: …
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 0 30.3 1.9 6.6 7.8
2 1-4 20.8 7.9 15.4 17.1
3 5-9 19.6 13.8 20.0 26.5
4 10-19 19.3 21.5 25.7 26.9
5 20-49 8.7 26.6 20.6 15.7
6 50-99 1.2 17.3 7.3 3.4
7 100 or more 0.0 10.6 3.9 2.4
8 DK, refused 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.3
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
96. v92
Numbers of family members contacts during last New Year Celebration
N2: During the last [Chinese] New Year celebration, with how many family members or relatives, excluding
those who live with you, did you exchange holiday greetings through telephone, mails, internet, home visits, or
gatherings? Your best estimates are: …
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 0 8.2 2.1 3.6 5.5
2 1-4 12.4 12.7 15.0 16.1
3 5-9 21.9 21.9 25.1 24.9
4 10-19 31.7 29.2 34.5 33.8
5 20-49 23.4 20.9 17.4 15.8
6 50-99 2.3 7.4 3.1 3.0
7 100 or more 0.1 5.1 0.9 0.7
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.2
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
97. v93
Numbers of acquaintances contacts on an ordinary day
N3: On an ordinary day, with how many people other than family members or relatives do you have contacts
through telephone, mails, internet, or face-to-face? Your best estimates are: …
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 0 9.2 1.7 4.2 2.3
2 1-4 41.4 28.2 45.5 18.9
3 5-9 22.5 21.7 23.6 19.3
4 10-19 17.2 23.8 14.8 25.2
5 20-49 6.9 16.9 8.6 21.3
6 50-99 1.8 5.0 2.3 8.0
7 100 or more 1.0 2.2 0.7 4.7
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.3
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
36
98. v94
Numbers of family members contacts on an ordinary day
N4: On an ordinary day, with how many family members or relatives, excluding those who live with you, do you
have contacts through telephone, mails, internet, or face-to-face? Your best estimates are:
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 0 15.0 21.5 17.2 18.1
2 1-4 63.1 53.0 69.3 52.9
3 5-9 15.8 12.8 8.9 16.8
4 10-19 5.2 7.4 2.7 7.1
5 20-49 0.8 3.5 1.2 3.2
6 50-99 0.1 1.0 0.3 0.8
7 100 or more 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.8
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.3
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
N5: Among the people you mentioned in questions N1 to N4, check those occupations in which some of them
work from the following:
99. v95
Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Legislators, senior officials
(1) Legislators, senior officials
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 21.2 17.5 14.7 25.8
2 No 78.8 78.9 85.1 73.1
8 DK, refused 0.0 3.7 0.1 1.1
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
100. v96
Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Managers
(2) Managers
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 29.1 47.9 30.4 40.0
2 No 70.9 48.8 69.4 58.9
8 DK, refused 0.0 3.3 0.2 1.2
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
101. v97
Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Professionals
(3) Professionals
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 52.8 47.5 49.6 58.1
2 No 47.2 49.0 50.2 40.9
8 DK, refused 0.0 3.5 0.2 1.1
N 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
37
102. v98
Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Tech or associate professionals
(4) Technicians or associate professionals
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 41.8 25.2 49.5 61.9
2 No 58.2 69.7 50.3 37.1
8 DK, refused 0.0 5.1 0.2 1.1
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
103. v99
Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Clerical support workers
(5) Clerical support workers
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 36.4 62.6 75.8 62.3
2 No 63.6 34.2 24.1 36.6
8 DK, refused 0.0 3.2 0.1 1.1
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
104. v100
Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Service or sales workers
(6) Service or sales workers
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 49.2 63.5 69.9 80.6
2 No 50.8 33.2 29.8 18.4
8 DK, refused 0.0 3.3 0.3 1.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
105. v101
Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Agri, forestry or fishery workers
(7) Skilled agricultural, forestry or fishery workers
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 19.1 28.6 50.5 39.4
2 No 80.9 66.5 49.3 59.5
8 DK, refused 0.0 4.9 0.2 1.1
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
106. v102
Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Craft or trade workers
(8) Craft or related trade workers
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 39.6 41.9 46.1 58.5
2 No 60.4 53.5 53.8 40.3
8 DK, refused 0.0 4.6 0.1 1.1
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
38
107. v103
Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Machine operators or assemblers
(9) Plant or machine operators or assemblers
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 59.2 35.0 41.6 50.1
2 No 40.8 60.5 58.2 48.8
8 DK, refused 0.0 4.5 0.1 1.1
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
108. v104
Occupation of family members and acquaintances: Elementary occupations
(10) Elementary occupations
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 63.4 45.2 45.0 56.1
2 No 36.6 50.1 54.9 42.8
8 DK, refused 0.0 4.7 0.1 1.1
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
*CGSS uses two forms of questionnaire (Form A and Form B). All respondents of EASS answer both Form A
and Form B. N1, N2, and slightly different format of N5 (=N5') are in Form A. N3, N4, and N5 shown here
are in Form B. Data of N5' are converted to match N5.
*TSCS asks N5 about people whom respondents have in mind in N3 and N4.
O: Questions on fluency in English
How would you assess your abilities in:
109. v105
Self-Assessed English ability: Reading short article
O1. Reading a short article in English newspapers
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very good 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.9
2 Good 3.1 2.4 3.5 7.5
3 Fair 8.1 13.6 16.5 19.3
4 Poor 19.0 19.4 35.9 25.1
5 Very poor 69.0 63.3 43.0 46.1
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
110. v106
Self-Assessed English ability: Chatting with English Speakers
O2. Chatting with English speakers
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very good 0.6 0.2 0.5 1.2
2 Good 1.4 1.5 3.2 5.8
3 Fair 5.8 9.9 14.2 16.2
4 Poor 21.2 20.2 38.2 28.3
5 Very poor 71.0 67.8 43.8 48.4
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
111. v107 Self-Assessed English ability: Writing a letter
O3. Writing a letter in English
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very good 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.4
2 Good 1.5 1.4 3.0 4.7
3 Fair 5.7 8.4 10.6 13.9
4 Poor 19.6 15.2 37.0 26.0
5 Very poor 72.4 74.1 48.7 53.9
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 n 3010 2160 1508 2067
P: Optional Questions
112. s1_cjt Bachelor/master/doctoral degree overseas
P1: Did you obtain a bachelor/master’s/doctoral degree overseas?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 0.1 0.2 - 1.5
2 No 99.9 99.3 - 98.5
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 - 0.0
9
Not applicable
n 3010 2160 - 2067
113. s2_cjt Professional training or on-the-job training overseas
P2: Did you participate in any professional training or on-the-job training for at least 5 days overseas?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Yes 0.4 5.2 - 4.4
2 No 99.6 94.2 - 95.6
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.6 - 0.0
9
Not applicable
n 3010 2160 - 2067
*JGSS includes educational training as well as occupational training
114. cn_frcap Working for a foreign capital company: China
P3: What’s the property right of your current company/work unit (or your last company/work unit)?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 State owned 42.2 - - -
2 Collective owned 8.4 - - -
3 Private 37.7 - - -
4 Funded by Hong Kong/Macau/Taiwan capital 0.8 - - -
5 Funded by foreign capital 2.6 - - -
6 Combined capital 1.3 - - -
7 Others 1.8 - - -
8 DK, refused 5.1 - - -
9
Not applicable
n 997 - - -
39
EASS 2008 Culture
40
115. jp_frcap
Working for a foreign capital company: Japan
P4: Do you work for a foreign capital company as your main job?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 I work for a foreign capital company - 1.8 - -
2 I do not work for a foreign capital company - 90.6 - -
8 DK, refused - 7.6 - -
n - 1357 - -
9 Not applicable
116. tw_frcap
Working for a foreign capital company: Taiwan
P5: What is the main source of capital of the organization or company you work for?
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Foreign capital - - - 2.8
2 Domestic capital - - - 79.3
3 Both foreign and domestic capital - - - 7.8
4 Non-profit organization - - - 1.2
5 Public sector - - - 8.4
8 DK, refused - - - 0.6
n - - - 1341
9 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Standard Background Variable:
117. sex
R: Sex
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Male 47.8 46.5 46.0 49.8
2 Female 52.2 53.5 54.0 50.2
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
118. age
R: Age
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
18-19 2.6 - 3.1 2.8
20-29 16.7 11.4 16.3 20.6
30-39 24.6 16.2 23.9 18.6
40-49 23.0 15.2 23.0 19.6
50-59 18.4 18.8 13.3 18.5
60-69 11.8 20.8 10.0 10.4
70-79 2.5 13.8 7.8 7.1
80-89 0.4 3.9 2.2 2.1
90-98 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3
888 DK, refused 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
41
119. marital
R: Marital status
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Married 82.8 70.9 65.1 61.4
2 Widowed 3.1 8.5 9.4 6.1
3 Divorced 1.5 4.5 3.0 3.2
4 Separated (Have intention to divorce) 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.7
5 Never married 11.5 15.6 21.5 28.1
6 Cohabiting 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
120. relig
R: Religious main groups
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 No religion 90.1 60.8 39.7 -
2 Roman Catholic 0.2 0.2 9.0 -
3 Protestant 1.7 0.0 25.9 -
4 Christian Orthodox 0.0 0.0 0.0 -
5 Jewish 0.0 0.0 0.0 -
6 Islam 1.2 0.0 0.0 -
7 Buddhism 6.3 27.4 23.7 -
8 Hinduism 0.1 0.0 0.0 -
9 Other Christian Religions 0.0 0.7 0.0 -
10 Other Eastern Religions 0.2 6.1 1.4 -
11 Other Religions 0.2 0.0 0.3 -
77 TW: not asked - - - 100.0
88 DK, refused 0.0 4.8 0.0 -
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
121. topbot
R: Top bottom self-placement 10 pt scale
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Lowest, 01 10.8 3.6 5.0 6.0
2 02 5.8 3.0 4.4 2.8
3 03 13.2 11.9 13.8 8.0
4 04 12.1 15.4 22.4 7.2
5 05 16.2 15.5 25.3 40.0
6 06 30.7 35.6 16.0 17.8
7 07 7.2 8.1 9.5 8.6
8 08 2.7 5.1 2.9 4.4
9 09 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.7
10 Highest, 10 0.5 0.2 0.4 2.2
88 DK, refused 0.0 0.8 0.3 2.5
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
42
122. urbrural
R: Self-assessment of community type
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 A big city 15.9 4.5 30.1 28.2
2 The suburbs or outskirts of a big city 2.1 14.6 24.8 24.8
3 A town or a small city 46.6 44.1 30.7 26.9
4 A country village 34.8 31.6 13.2 19.5
5 A farm or home in the country 0.0 5.0 0.9 0.4
8 DK, refused 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.2
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
123. cn_reg
Region: China
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Anhui 4.0 - - -
2 Beijing 2.0 - - -
3 Fujian 2.0 - - -
4 Ganshu 1.0 - - -
5 Guangdong 7.0 - - -
6 Guangxi 3.0 - - -
7 Guizhou 4.0 - - -
8 Hebei 4.0 - - -
9 Henan 9.3 - - -
10 Heilongjiang 4.0 - - -
11 Hubei 4.0 - - -
12 Hunan 3.0 - - -
13 Jiling 4.0 - - -
14 Jiangsu 8.0 - - -
15 Jiangxi 4.0 - - -
16 Liaoning 4.0 - - -
17 Leimonggu 3.0 - - -
18 Ningxia 2.0 - - -
19 Shandong 4.0 - - -
20 Shanxi(jing) 2.0 - - -
21 Shanxi(qing) 5.0 - - -
22 Shanghai 4.0 - - -
23 Sichuan 2.0 - - -
24 Tianjin 2.0 - - -
25 Xingjiang 3.0 - - -
26 Yunnan 2.0 - - -
27 Zhejiang 2.0 - - -
28 Chongqing 2.0 - - -
n 3010 - - -
99 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Culture
43
124. jp_reg
Region: Japan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Hokkaido or Tohoku - 13.6 - -
2 Kanto - 28.1 - -
3 Chubu - 21.1 - -
4 Kinki - 15.0 - -
5 Cyugoku or Shikoku - 10.3 - -
6 Kyusyu - 11.9 - -
n - 2160 - -
99 Not applicable
125. kr_reg
Region: South Korea
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Seoul Metropolitan City - - 19.4 -
2 Incheon Metropolitan city - - 21.0 -
3 Daejeon Metropolitan city - - 6.5 -
4 Busan Metropolitan city - - 2.9 -
5 Ulsan Metropolitan City - - 3.2 -
6 Deagu Metropolitan City - - 8.1 -
7 Gwangju Metropolitan city - - 3.5 -
8 Gyeonggi Province - - 7.6 -
9 Gangwon Province - - 7.0 -
10 Chungcheong Province - - 2.0 -
11 Gyeongsang Province - - 5.1 -
12 Jeolla Province - - 12.6 -
13 Jeju-do - - 1.1 -
n - - 1508 -
99 Not applicable
126. tw_reg
Region: Taiwan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Keelung city - - - 2.3
2 Taipei city - - - 8.0
3 Taipei county - - - 15.9
4 Taoyuan county - - - 8.1
5 Hsinchu city - - - 3.2
6 Hsinchu county - - - 2.3
7 Miaoli county - - - 2.2
8 Taichung city - - - 3.1
9 Taichung county - - - 11.4
10 Nantou county - - - 0.0
11 Changhua county - - - 5.3
12 Yunlin county - - - 0.0
13 Chiayi city - - - 0.2
14 Chiayi county - - - 5.3
15 Tainan city - - - 7.0
16 Tainan county - - - 3.4
17 Kaohsiung city - - - 4.6
18 Kaohsiung county - - - 6.8
19 Pingtung county - - - 6.1
20 Ilan county - - - 3.0
21 Hualien county - - - 1.4
EASS 2008 Culture
44
90 China - - - 0.1
91 Japan - - - 0.0
92 Europe - - - 0.0
n - - - 2067
99 Not applicable
127. happy
R: General happiness
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very happy, 1 21.5 17.6 - 20.5
2 2 42.5 42.2 - 44.7
3 3 24.3 31.5 - 24.3
4 4 9.3 7.5 - 7.5
5 Very unhappy, 5 2.5 0.7 - 2.9
7 KR: not asked - - 100.0 -
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.4 - 0.2
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
128. happy_kr
R: General happiness: Korea
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Very happy - - 16.0 -
2 Fairly happy - - 56.4 -
3 Not very happy - - 22.1 -
4 Not happy at all - - 3.9 -
8 DK, refused - - 1.6 -
n - - 1508 -
9 Not applicable
129. educyrs
R: Education I: years of schooling
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 No schooling at all 8.5 0.0 4.6 6.0
1
0.6 0.0 0.3 0.1
2
1.8 0.0 0.6 0.6
3
3.2 0.0 0.5 0.5
4
3.2 0.0 0.3 0.6
5
6.0 0.0 0.1 0.6
6
6.9 1.6 9.3 13.2
7
3.9 0.0 0.5 0.9
8
11.7 2.5 0.0 1.2
9
15.4 12.3 6.1 9.9
10
3.9 0.0 0.7 1.6
11
7.5 3.1 0.7 1.6
12
10.6 43.9 31.8 22.7
13
3.1 0.1 4.2 2.5
14
3.0 13.2 11.3 11.7
15
5.0 0.6 1.5 5.0
16
3.8 19.8 22.3 13.6
17
1.1 0.5 0.5 2.1
18
0.3 1.3 3.3 3.4
19
0.1 0.0 0.1 0.9
20
0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4
EASS 2008 Culture
45
21
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3
22
0.0 0.0 0.5 0.3
23
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
24
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
25
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
88 DK, refused 0.2 1.2 0.6 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
130. degree
R: Education II: highest education level
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 No formal qualification 8.6 0.0 6.4 8.4
1 Elementary school 24.4 1.6 9.8 15.0
2 Junior high 28.8 14.8 7.6 13.2
3 High school 22.8 47.1 39.5 30.5
4 Junior college 9.0 12.5 9.4 12.5
5 University 5.9 21.5 23.0 16.0
6 Graduate school 0.3 1.5 3.9 4.4
8 DK, refused 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
131. Inschl
R: Education I sub: still in school
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 Out of school 96.7 98.6 88.9 93.1
1 Still in school 3.3 1.3 10.7 6.9
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
132. wrkst
R: Current working status
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Wage employee 30.9 49.1 42.0 45.2
2 Employer 1.5 6.0 3.9 6.9
3 Self-employed without an employee 32.6 5.4 10.5 9.1
4 Helping family business 0.8 2.3 2.3 3.6
5 Having no work income 34.3 37.0 41.2 35.1
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
46
133. fullpart
R: Working full- or part-time
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Working full-time 90.5 70.2 82.1 85.6
2 Working part-time 8.8 28.8 16.8 13.6
8 DK, refused 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8
n 1979 1357 885 1341
9 Not applicable (Having no current work income)
134. wrkhrs
R: Working hours per week
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1-9 0.8 3.9 2.5 1.3
10-19 1.7 7.2 3.8 2.6
20-29 3.5 10.9 6.3 5.7
30-39 6.3 12.2 7.3 6.9
40-49 34.8 39.1 38.0 50.4
50-59 21.5 14.6 15.9 12.7
60-69 8.0 6.8 9.9 8.3
70-79 15.9 2.5 8.6 5.6
80-89 4.8 1.2 4.0 2.8
90 or over 2.0 0.6 2.6 3.0
888 DK, refused 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8
n 1979 1357 885 1341
999 Not applicable (Having no current work income)
135. empcntrt
R: Employment contract of wage employees
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Regular worker 66.5 66.6 71.6 76.1
2 Temporary worker 33.5 33.4 28.4 23.9
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
n 929 1061 634 935
9 Not applicable (Not a wage employee)
136. wrktype
R: Employment sector
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Works for government organization 5.8 10.7 8.7 12.0
2 Works for public or non-profit organization 21.4 11.8 6.3 3.9
3 Works for private organization 54.5 73.1 85.0 84.1
8 DK, refused 18.3 4.3 0.0 0.1
n 929 1061 634 935
9 Not applicable (Not a wage employee)
EASS 2008 Culture
47
137. whynowrk
R: Reasons for having no current work income
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Unemployed 11.5 4.4 0.8 18.3
2 Student, school, vocational training 7.9 2.5 15.4 14.9
3 Retired 31.8 23.0 9.2 31.3
4 Housewife,-man, home duties 33.2 53.6 35.4 29.8
5 Permanently disabled 5.9 6.6 1.4 4.1
6 Other 9.7 5.9 36.2 1.7
8 DK, refused 0.0 4.0 1.6 0.0
n 1031 799 622 726
9 Not applicable (Having current work income)
138. isco88
R: Occupation ILO, ISCO 1988 4-digit
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
Armed forces 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0
Legislators, senior officials and managers 5.6 4.0 1.7 7.9
Professionals 8.4 8.8 7.5 9.2
Technicians and associate professionals 5.0 13.5 25.1 19.5
Clerks 2.1 21.0 12.4 12.5
Service workers and shop and market sales workers 12.3 16.1 19.3 18.8
Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 38.7 4.7 5.2 4.3
Craft and related trades workers 6.4 11.5 9.3 11.5
Plant and machine operators and assemblers 5.8 12.2 6.9 8.9
Elementary occupations 12.4 7.7 12.0 7.1
88888 DK, refused 3.3 0.5 0.2 0.2
n 1979 1357 885 1341
99999 Not applicable (Having no current work income)
139. cn_rinc
R: Earnings from main job: China
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 1.6 - - -
Less than 3,745 yuan 25.1 - - -
3,746 yuan - 4,604 yuan 3.2 - - -
4,605 yuan - 6,993 yuan 9.0 - - -
6,994 yuan - 9,568 yuan 6.6 - - -
9,569 yuan - 12,979 yuan 14.0 - - -
12,980 yuan - 17,685 yuan 6.6 - - -
17,686 yuan - 24,106 yuan 12.9 - - -
24,107 yuan - 40,019 yuan 9.2 - - -
40,020 yuan or more 6.3 - - -
7777777 Refused 4.8
8888888 DK 0.8 - - -
n 1979 - - -
9999999 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Culture
48
140. jp_rinc
R: Earnings from main job: Japan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 None - 0.9 - -
2 Less than 700,000 yen - 9.5 - -
3 700,000 yen - 1 million yen - 8.3 - -
4 1 million yen - 1.3 million yen - 5.5 - -
5 1.3 million yen - 1.5 million yen - 2.9 - -
6 1.5 million yen - 2.5 million yen - 10.0 - -
7 2.5 million yen - 3.5 million yen - 12.9 - -
8 3.5 million yen - 4.5 million yen - 9.1 - -
9 4.5 million yen - 5.5 million yen - 6.9 - -
10 5.5 million yen - 6.5 million yen - 3.8 - -
11 6.5 million yen - 7.5 million yen - 2.0 - -
12 7.5 million yen - 8.5 million yen - 2.7 - -
13 8.5 million yen - 10 million yen - 3.2 - -
14 10 million yen - 12 million yen - 1.2 - -
15 12 million yen - 14 million yen - 0.5 - -
16 14 million yen - 16 million yen - 0.3 - -
17 16 million yen - 18.5 million yen - 0.1 - -
18 18.5 million yen - 23 million yen - 0.2 - -
19 23 million yen or over - 0.2 - -
7777777 Refused - 13.0 - -
8888888 DK - 6.9 - -
n - 1357 - -
9999999 Not applicable
141. kr_rinc
R: Earnings from main job: Korea
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 - - 2.7 -
Less than 490,000 won - - 6.7 -
500,000 won - 990,000 won - - 11.6 -
1,000,000 won - 1,490,000 won - - 16.8 -
1,500,000 won - 1,990,000 won - - 12.5 -
2,000,000 won - 2,490,000 won - - 15.3 -
2,500,000 won - 2,990,000 won - - 8.4 -
3,000,000 won - 3,490,000 won - - 8.1 -
3,500,000 won - 3,990,000 won - - 2.9 -
4,000,000 won - 4,490,000 won - - 4.0 -
4,500,000 won - 4,990,000 won - - 1.7 -
5,000,000 won or more - - 8.5 -
8888888 DK, refused - - 0.8 -
n - - 885 -
9999999 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Culture
49
142. tw_rinc
R: Earnings from jobs (both main and part-time jobs): Taiwan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 No income - - - 2.4
2 NT$10,000 or less - - - 8.6
3 NT$10,001 - NT$20,000 - - - 13.3
4 NT$20,001 - NT$30,000 - - - 21.7
5 NT$30,001 - NT$40,000 - - - 18.3
6 NT$40,001 - NT$50,000 - - - 11.6
7 NT$50,001 - NT$60,000 - - - 8.8
8 NT$60,001 - NT$70,000 - - - 4.2
9 NT$70,001 - NT$80,000 - - - 3.1
10 NT$80,001 - NT$90,000 - - - 1.3
11 NT$90,001 - NT$100,000 - - - 2.0
12 NT$100,001 - NT$150,000 - - - 2.9
13 NT$150,001 - NT$200,000 - - - 0.4
14 NT$200,001 - NT$300,000 - - - 0.5
15 More than NT$300,000 - - - 0.1
7777777 Refused - - - 0.6
8888888 DK - - - 0.1
n - - - 1341
9999999 Not applicable
143. cn_rincx
R: Income other than main job: China
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 85.4 - - -
Less than 3,745 yuan 5.3 - - -
3,746 yuan - 4,604 yuan 0.3 - - -
4,605 yuan - 6,993 yuan 1.8 - - -
6,994 yuan - 9,568 yuan 0.5 - - -
9,569 yuan - 12,979 yuan 1.3 - - -
12,980 yuan - 17,685 yuan 0.3 - - -
17,686 yuan - 24,106 yuan 0.8 - - -
24,107 yuan - 40,019 yuan 0.3 - - -
40,020 yuan or more 0.3 - - -
7777777 Refused 2.0 - - -
8888888 DK 1.7 - - -
n 3010 - - -
9999999 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Culture
50
144. jp_rincx
R: Income other than main job: Japan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 - 54.0 - -
Less than 700,000 yen - 5.0 - -
700,000 yen - 1 million yen - 4.9 - -
1 million yen - 1.3 million yen - 4.0 - -
1.3 million yen - 1.5 million yen - 1.8 - -
1.5 million yen - 2.5 million yen - 5.6 - -
2.5 million yen - 3.5 million yen - 3.3 - -
3.5 million yen - 4.5 million yen - 1.1 - -
4.5 million yen - 5.5 million yen - 0.5 - -
5.5 million yen - 6.5 million yen - 0.3 - -
6.5 million yen - 7.5 million yen - 0.1 - -
7.5 million yen - 8.5 million yen - 0.1 - -
8.5 million yen - 10 million yen - 0.1 - -
10 million yen - 12 million yen - 0.0 - -
18.5 million yen - 23 million yen - 0.0 - -
7777777 Refused - 12.1 - -
8888888 DK - 7.1 - -
n - 2160 - -
9999999 Not applicable
145. kr_rincx
R: Income other than main job: Korea
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 - - 74.6 -
Less than 490,000 won - - 13.4 -
500,000 won - 990,000 won - - 4.4 -
1,000,000 won - 1,490,000 won - - 3.1 -
1,500,000 won - 1,990,000 won - - 1.0 -
2,000,000 won - 2,490,000 won - - 1.1 -
2,500,000 won - 2,990,000 won - - 0.3 -
3,000,000 won - 3,490,000 won - - 0.7 -
3,500,000 won - 3,990,000 won - - 0.1 -
4,000,000 won - 4,490,000 won - - 0.1 -
4,500,000 won - 5,000,000 won - - 0.0 -
5,000,000 won or more - - 0.4 -
8888888 DK, refused - - 0.9 -
n - - 1508 -
9999999 Not applicable
146. tw_rincx
R: Income other than jobs: Taiwan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
6666666 TW: not asked - - - 100.0
n - - - 2067
9999999 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Culture
51
147. hhdnum
Number of household members
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1
7.2 8.1 14.4 4.4
2
25.2 25.5 21.8 10.5
3
34.1 22.4 23.4 15.4
4
16.4 21.5 30.7 24.6
5
10.5 12.4 7.1 19.5
6
4.2 7.1 2.0 11.8
7
1.6 2.5 0.5 5.6
8
0.4 0.3 0.0 3.2
9
0.3 0.1 0.1 1.9
10-18
0.0 0.1 0.1 2.9
888 DK, refused 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
148. cn_hinc
Total household income: China
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 0.3 - - -
Less than 3,745 yuan 6.9 - - -
3,746 yuan - 4,604 yuan 2.2 - - -
4,605 yuan - 6,993 yuan 6.2 - - -
6,994 yuan - 9,568 yuan 5.8 - - -
9,569 yuan - 12,979 yuan 11.7 - - -
12,980 yuan - 17,685 yuan 8.3 - - -
17,686 yuan - 24,106 yuan 14.5 - - -
24,107 yuan - 40,019 yuan 21.4 - - -
40,020 yuan or more 17.4 - - -
8888888 DK, refused 5.3 - - -
n 3010 - - -
9999999 Not applicable
149. jp_hinc
Total household income: Japan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 None - 0.4 - -
2 Less than 700,000 yen - 0.9 - -
3 700,000 yen - 1 million yen - 1.2 - -
4 1 million yen - 1.3 million yen - 1.8 - -
5 1.3 million yen - 1.5 million yen - 1.8 - -
6 1.5 million yen - 2.5 million yen - 6.2 - -
7 2.5 million yen - 3.5 million yen - 10.1 - -
8 3.5 million yen - 4.5 million yen - 9.1 - -
9 4.5 million yen - 5.5 million yen - 8.6 - -
10 5.5 million yen - 6.5 million yen - 6.3 - -
11 6.5 million yen - 7.5 million yen - 5.6 - -
12 7.5 million yen - 8.5 million yen - 5.0 - -
13 8.5 million yen - 10 million yen - 4.6 - -
14 10 million yen - 12 million yen - 3.8 - -
15 12 million yen - 14 million yen - 1.8 - -
16 14 million yen - 16 million yen - 1.1 - -
17 16 million yen - 18.5 million yen - 0.8 - -
EASS 2008 Culture
52
18 8.5 million yen - 23 million yen - 0.5 - -
19 23 million yen or over - 0.6 - -
7777777 Refused - 11.9 - -
8888888 DK - 18.1 - -
n - 2160 - -
9999999 Not applicable
150. kr_hinc
Total household income: Korea
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 - - 0.7 -
Less than 490,000 won - - 7.3 -
500,000 won - 990,000 won - - 5.1 -
1,000,000 won - 1,490,000 won - - 6.2 -
1,500,000 won - 1,990,000 won - - 6.4 -
2,000,000 won - 2,490,000 won - - 10.0 -
2,500,000 won - 2,990,000 won - - 7.6 -
3,000,000 won - 3,490,000 won - - 11.9 -
3,500,000 won - 3,990,000 won - - 6.2 -
4,000,000 won - 4,490,000 won - - 7.9 -
4,500,000 won - 4,990,000 won - - 4.4 -
5,000,000 won - 5,490,000 won - - 7.0 -
5,500,000 won - 5,990,000 won - - 2.9 -
6,000,000 won - 6,490,000 won - - 2.3 -
6,500,000 won - 6,990,000 won - - 1.5 -
7,000,000 won - 7,490,000 won - - 2.0 -
7,500,000 won - 7,990,000 won - - 1.3 -
8,000,000 won - 8,490,000 won - - 1.7 -
8,500,000 won - 8,990,000 won - - 0.6 -
9,000,000 won - 9,450,000 won - - 0.4 -
9,500,000 won - 9,990,000 won - - 0.4 -
10,000,000 won or more - - 3.7 -
8888888 DK, refused - - 2.7 -
n - - 1508 -
9999999 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Culture
53
151. tw_hinc
Total household income: Taiwan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 No income - - - 1.5
2 NT$10,000 or less - - - 3.1
3 NT$10,001 - NT$20,000 - - - 4.6
4 NT$20,001 - NT$30,000 - - - 7.6
5 NT$30,001 - NT$40,000 - - - 7.6
6 NT$40,001 - NT$50,000 - - - 7.5
7 NT$50,001 - NT$60,000 - - - 10.5
8 NT$60,001 - NT$70,000 - - - 7.3
9 NT$70,001 - NT$80,000 - - - 6.0
10 NT$80,001 - NT$90,000 - - - 5.1
11 NT$90,001 - NT$100,000 - - - 6.6
12 NT$100,001 - NT$110,000 - - - 6.0
13 NT$110,001 - NT$120,000 - - - 2.5
14 NT$120,001 - NT$130,000 - - - 2.9
15 NT$130,001 - NT$140,000 - - - 1.2
16 NT$140,001 - NT$150,000 - - - 2.1
17 NT$150,001 - NT$160,000 - - - 1.9
18 NT$160,001 - NT$170,000 - - - 0.8
19 NT$170,001 - NT$180,000 - - - 0.4
20 NT$180,001 - NT$190,000 - - - 0.5
21 NT$190,001 - NT$200,000 - - - 1.4
22 NT$200,001 - NT$250,000 - - - 1.2
23 NT$250,001 - NT$300,000 - - - 0.8
24 NT$300,001 - NT$350,000 - - - 0.6
25 NT$350,001 - NT$400,000 - - - 0.2
26 NT$400,001 - NT$1,000,000 - - - 0.7
27 More than NT$1,000,000 - - - 0.1
7777777 Refused - - - 1.0
8888888 DK - - - 8.2
n - - - 2067
9999999 Not applicable
152. rltvhinc
Household income compared
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Far below average 9.7 10.7
1.5
7.7
2 Below average 35.6 30.5
16.6
19.5
3 Average 49.5 44.8 35.7 63.6
4 Above average 5.0 11.8
30.8
8.2
5 Far above average 0.1 1.1
14.5
0.4
8 DK, refused 0.0 1.3 0.8 0.5
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
153. weight
Weighting factor
EASS 2008 Culture
54
154. spage
SP: Age
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
16-19 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2
20-29 11.2 3.1 4.3 5.8
30-39 26.0 14.6 25.8 19.2
40-49 26.3 18.5 34.0 25.8
50-59 20.8 22.5 18.5 24.6
60-69 11.4 23.5 9.6 13.1
70-79 3.3 14.2 6.6 8.1
80-89 0.4 3.1 0.8 1.5
90-92 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1
888 DK, refused 0.2 0.6 0.2 1.6
n 2517 1538 987 1278
999 Not applicable
155. spedyrs
SP: Education I: years of schooling
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 No schooling at all 9.8 0.0 1.6 6.0
1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0
3 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.0
4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
5 22.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
6 0.0 1.0 6.9 17.6
8 33.7 2.1 0.0 0.0
9 0.0 11.8 8.4 16.5
10 7.2 0.0 0.3 0.0
11 14.9 2.3 0.0 0.0
12 0.0 49.1 38.2 30.0
13 3.0 0.1 0.9 0.1
14 3.8 11.1 10.1 12.6
15 1.4 0.0 0.2 1.8
16 3.4 19.3 25.8 11.7
17 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0
18 0.0 1.5 2.9 2.5
20 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
22 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0
23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6
88 DK, refused 0.4 1.3 1.6 0.5
n 2517 1538 987 1278
99 Not applicable (Not married)
EASS 2008 Culture
55
156. spdegr
SP: Education II: highest education level
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 No formal qualification 10.0 0.0 2.6 6.0
1 Elementary school 22.1 1.0 7.1 17.6
2 Junior high 33.7 13.8 9.1 16.5
3 High school 22.1 51.6 39.7 30.0
4 Junior college 6.8 10.7 9.8 14.6
5 University 4.8 20.1 26.5 11.7
6 Graduate school 0.1 1.5 4.4 3.1
8 DK, refused 0.4 1.3 0.7 0.5
n 2517 1538 987 1278
9 Not applicable (Not married)
157. spinschl
SP: Education I sub: still in school
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 Out of school 99.1 98.1 98.8 99.6
1 Still in school 0.7 0.0 1.1 0.0
8 DK, refused 0.2 1.9 0.1 0.4
n 2517 1538 987 1278
9 Not applicable (Not married)
158. spwrkst
SP: Current working status
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Wage employee 29.1 46.8 44.8 38.3
2 Employer 1.3 6.6 7.7 6.7
3 Self-employed without an employee 38.2 5.5 11.2 8.1
4 Helping family business 4.5 3.8 5.2 7.2
5 Having no work income 26.7 37.0 30.6 39.0
8 DK, refused 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5
n 2517 1538 987 1278
9 Not applicable (Not married)
159. spfullpt
SP: Working full- or part-time
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Working full-time 97.1 69.9 87.1 88.0
2 Working part-time 2.6 27.3 10.1 9.3
8 DK, refused 0.3 2.8 2.8 2.7
n 1840 964 680 772
9 Not applicable (Having no current work income or
not married)
EASS 2008 Culture
56
160. spwrkhrs
SP: Working hours per week
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1-9 0.5 2.7 0.7 1.6
10-19 0.4 6.7 2.6 1.6
20-29 1.0 11.0 3.7 3.4
30-39 2.4 10.3 6.0 6.5
40-49 26.3 37.9 38.2 54.3
50-59 49.5 14.5 17.1 10.8
60-69 4.8 8.9 13.1 8.8
70-79 10.1 2.9 8.7 7.0
80-89 3.8 1.7 4.4 2.3
90 or over 1.2 0.6 2.6 1.2
888 DK, refused 0.0 2.8 2.8 2.7
n 1840 964 680 772
999 Not applicable (Having no current work income or
not married)
161. spempcnt
SP: Employment contract of wage employees
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Regular worker 85.8 70.0 81.4 -
2 Temporary worker 14.2 30.0 18.1 -
7 TW: not asked - - - 100.0
8 DK, refused 0.0 0.0 .5 -
n 732 720 442 490
9 Not applicable (Not a wage employee or not married)
162. spwktype
SP: Employment sector
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Works for government organization 5.3 10.7 10.9 13.3
2 Works for public or non-profit organization 23.8 12.8 8.4 4.1
3 Works for private organization 67.8 73.5 80.5 78.4
8 DK, refused 3.1 3.1 0.2 4.3
n 732 720 442 490
9 Not applicable (Not a wage employee or not married)
163. spnowrk
SP: Reasons for having no current work income
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 Unemployed 20.3 1.8 0.7 11.2
2 Student, school, vocational training 0.7 0.2 1.0 0.0
3 Retired 40.5 26.7 7.9 33.9
4 Housewife,-man, home duties 21.2 59.4 56.0 52.5
5 Permanently disabled 5.1 6.9 1.3 2.2
6 Other 12.2 3.7 30.8 0.2
8 DK, refused 0.0 1.4 2.3 0.0
n 671 569 302 499
9 Not applicable (Having current work income or not
married)
EASS 2008 Culture
57
164. spisco88
SP: Occupation ILO, ISCO 1988 4-digit
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
Armed forces 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0
Legislators, senior officials and managers 4.0 4.1 3.5 14.2
Professionals 7.4 10.1 7.5 7.9
Technicians and associate professionals 5.4 13.6 26.9 15.2
Clerks 1.3 19.0 11.2 10.4
Service workers and shop and market sales workers 11.4 14.4 17.6 16.7
Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 36.8 4.5 5.1 5.7
Craft and related trades workers 9.2 12.7 11.3 13.1
Plant and machine operators and assemblers 7.1 12.3 7.2 10.2
Elementary occupations 11.5 6.5 9.0 4.8
88888 DK, refused 5.9 2.8 0.3 1.8
n 1840 964 680 772
99999 Not applicable (Having no current work income or
not married)
165. cn_spinc
SP: Earnings from main job: China
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
Less than 3,745 yuan 16.8 - - -
3,746 yuan - 4,604 yuan 3.8 - - -
4,605 yuan - 6,993 yuan 8.9 - - -
6,994 yuan - 9,568 yuan 8.0 - - -
9,569 yuan - 12,979 yuan 14.4 - - -
12,980 yuan - 17,685 yuan 9.5 - - -
17,686 yuan - 24,106 yuan 11.4 - - -
24,107 yuan - 40,019 yuan 11.8 - - -
40,020 yuan or more 5.8 - - -
8888888 DK, refused 9.7 - - -
n 1840 - - -
9999999 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Culture
58
166. jp_spinc
SP: Earnings from main job: Japan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 None - 0.7 - -
2 Less than 700,000 yen - 6.5 - -
3 700,000 yen - 1 million yen - 6.5 - -
4 1 million yen - 1.3 million yen - 6.1 - -
5 1.3 million yen - 1.5 million yen - 2.7 - -
6 1.5 million yen - 2.5 million yen - 6.6 - -
7 2.5 million yen - 3.5 million yen - 8.6 - -
8 3.5 million yen - 4.5 million yen - 6.3 - -
9 4.5 million yen - 5.5 million yen - 8.5 - -
10 5.5 million yen - 6.5 million yen - 5.1 - -
11 6.5 million yen - 7.5 million yen - 5.4 - -
12 7.5 million yen - 8.5 million yen - 2.9 - -
13 8.5 million yen - 10 million yen - 2.7 - -
14 10 million yen - 12 million yen - 1.3 - -
15 12 million yen - 14 million yen - 0.3 - -
16 14 million yen - 16 million yen - 0.3 - -
17 16 million yen - 18.5 million yen - 0.4 - -
18 18.5 million yen - 23 million yen - 0.1 - -
19 23 million yen or over - 0.1 - -
7777777 Refused - 14.3 - -
8888888 DK - 14.3 - -
n - 964 - -
9999999 Not applicable
167. kr_spinc
SP: Earnings from main job: Korea
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 - - 5.6 -
Less than 490,000 won - - 2.4 -
500,000 won - 990,000 won - - 6.3 -
1,000,000 won - 1,490,000 won - - 12.8 -
1,500,000 won - 1,990,000 won - - 11.2 -
2,000,000 won - 2,490,000 won - - 14.7 -
2,500,000 won - 2,990,000 won - - 8.5 -
3,000,000 won - 3,490,000 won - - 11.0 -
3,500,000 won - 3,990,000 won - - 4.6 -
4,000,000 won - 4,490,000 won - - 6.6 -
4,500,000 won - 4,990,000 won - - 1.8 -
5,000,000 won or more - - 12.9 -
8888888 DK, refused - - 1.6 -
n - - 680 -
9999999 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Culture
59
168. tw_spinc
SP: Earnings from jobs (both main and part-time jobs): Taiwan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
1 No income - - - 6.2
2 NT$10,000 or less - - - 5.1
3 NT$10,001 - NT$20,000 - - - 9.8
4 NT$20,001 - NT$30,000 - - - 19.8
5 NT$30,001 - NT$40,000 - - - 19.8
6 NT$40,001 - NT$50,000 - - - 11.1
7 NT$50,001 - NT$60,000 - - - 9.2
8 NT$60,001 - NT$70,000 - - - 5.2
9 NT$70,001 - NT$80,000 - - - 4.3
10 NT$80,001 - NT$90,000 - - - 1.7
11 NT$90,001 - NT$100,000 - - - 2.6
12 NT$100,001 - NT$150,000 - - - 1.4
13 NT$150,001 - NT$200,000 - - - 0.9
14 NT$200,001 - NT$300,000 - - - 0.3
15 More than NT$300,000 - - - 0.1
7777777 Refused - - - 1.0
8888888 DK - - - 1.4
n - - - 772
9999999 Not applicable
169. cn_sincx
SP: Income other than main job: China
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
6666666 CN: not asked 100.0 - - -
n 3010 - - -
9999999 Not applicable
170 .jp_sincx
SP: Income other than main job: Japan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 - 51.8 - -
Less than 700,000 yen - 4.6 - -
700,000 yen - 1 million yen - 3.2 - -
1 million yen - 1.3 million yen - 1.9 - -
1.3 million yen - 1.5 million yen - 1.7 - -
1.5 million yen - 2.5 million yen - 3.4 - -
2.5 million yen - 3.5 million yen - 2.6 - -
3.5 million yen - 4.5 million yen - 0.7 - -
4.5 million yen - 5.5 million yen - 0.5 - -
5.5 million yen - 6.5 million yen - 0.1 - -
6.5 million yen - 7.5 million yen - 0.2 - -
7.5 million yen - 8.5 million yen 0.0
8.5 million yen - 10 million yen - 0.1 - -
12 million yen - 14 million yen - 0.1 - -
7777777 Refused - 12.0 - -
8888888 DK - 17.4 - -
n - 1538 - -
9999999 Not applicable
EASS 2008 Culture
60
171. kr_sincx
SP: Income other than main job: Korea
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 - - 86.5 -
Less than 490,000 won - - 5.3 -
500,000 won - 990,000 won - - 1.8 -
1,000,000 won - 1,490,000 won - - 1.6 -
1,500,000 won - 1,990,000 won - - 0.6 -
2,000,000 won - 2,490,000 won - - 0.9 -
3,000,000 won - 3,490,000 won - - 0.2 -
3,500,000 won - 3,990,000 won - - 0.1 -
4,000,000 won - 4,490,000 won - - 0.1 -
4,500,000 won - 4,990,000 won - - 0.0 -
5,000,000 won or more - - 0.2 -
8888888 DK, refused - - 2.6 -
n - - 987 -
9999999 Not applicable
172. tw_sincx
SP: Income other than jobs: Taiwan
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
6666666 TW: not asked - - - 100.0
n - - - 2067
9999999 Not applicable
173. paedyrs
PA: Education I: years of schooling
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 No schooling at all 33.5 0.0 18.4 22.8
1
0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0
2
0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0
3
7.9 0.0 0.5 0.0
4
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
5
27.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6
0.0 15.3 22.7 35.3
7
0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0
8
18.2 11.5 0.0 0.0
9
0.0 7.6 12.0 12.7
10
3.3 0.0 0.5 0.0
11
6.8 11.9 0.0 0.0
12
0.0 15.3 22.3 14.0
13
0.7 0.8 0.5 0.3
14
1.0 5.3 2.2 4.0
15
0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3
16
1.2 7.4 9.9 6.0
17
0.0 2.4 0.1 0.0
18
0.0 0.6 0.8 0.6
20
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
22
0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0
23
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
88 DK, refused 0.0 22.0 9.0 3.8
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
61
174. padegr
PA: Education II: highest education level
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 No formal qualification 41.4 0.0 19.4 22.8
1 Elementary school 27.0 15.3 23.1 35.3
2 Junior high 16.7 19.1 12.5 12.7
3 High school 10.1 28.0 22.9 14.0
4 Junior college 1.6 1.2 2.1 4.6
5 University 1.7 13.8 10.0 6.0
6 Graduate school 0.0 0.6 1.0 0.8
8 DK, refused 1.5 22.0 9.0 3.8
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
175. maedyrs
MA: Education I: years of schooling
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 No schooling at all 55.8 0.0 26.1 37.5
1
0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0
2
0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0
3
2.3 0.0 0.3 0.0
4
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
5
23.1 0.0 0.1 0.0
6
0.0 16.9 27.1 33.4
7
0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0
8
12.3 11.6 0.0 0.0
9
0.0 7.9 12.0 11.5
10
1.9 0.0 0.1 0.0
11
3.6 15.5 0.0 0.0
12
0.0 18.4 20.0 10.6
13
0.2 0.7 0.2 0.0
14
0.3 6.3 1.1 1.8
15
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3
16
0.5 2.4 3.8 2.0
17
0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0
18
0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1
22
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
23
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
88 DK, refused 0.0 19.9 7.8 2.7
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
176. madegr
MA: Education II: highest education level
PUNCH (Response) CHINA JAPAN KOREA TAIWAN
0 No formal qualification 58.1 0.0 27.3 37.5
1 Elementary school 23.1 16.9 27.3 33.4
2 Junior high 11.6 19.4 12.1 11.5
3 High school 5.5 34.6 20.4 10.6
4 Junior college 0.6 4.1 0.9 2.1
5 University 0.5 4.9 3.8 2.0
6 Graduate school 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.1
8 DK, refused 0.7 19.9 7.8 2.7
n 3010 2160 1508 2067
EASS 2008 Culture
62
Appendix
EASS 2008 Culture
63
A. International Occupational Codes: ILO/ISCO 1988
MAJOR GROUP 1 LEGISLATORS, SENIOR OFFICIALS AND MANAGERS 11 LEGISLATORS AND SENIOR OFFICIALS
111 LEGISLATORS 1110 Legislators
112 SENIOR GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS 1120 Senior government officials
113 TRADITIONAL CHIEFS AND HEADS OF VILLAGES 1130 Traditional chiefs and heads of villages 114 SENIOR OFFICIALS OF SPECIAL-INTEREST ORGANISATIONS
1141 Senior officials of political-party organisations 1142 Senior officials of employers', workers' and other economic-interest organisations 1143 Senior officials of humanitarian and other special-interest organisations
12 CORPORATE MANAGERS
121 DIRECTORS AND CHIEF EXECUTIVES 1210 Directors and chief executives
122 PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT MANAGERS 1221 Production and operations department managers in agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 1222 Production and operations department managers in manufacturing 1223 Production and operations department managers in construction 1224 Production and operations department managers in wholesale and retail trade 1225 Production and operations department managers in restaurants and hotels 1226 Production and operations department managers in transport, storage and communications 1227 Production and operations department managers in business services 1228 Production and operations department managers in personal care, cleaning and related services 1229 Production and operations department managers not elsewhere classified
123 OTHER DEPARTMENT MANAGERS 1231 Finance and administration department managers 1232 Personnel and industrial relations department managers 1233 Sales and marketing department managers 1234 Advertising and public relations department managers 1235 Supply and distribution department managers 1236 Computing services department managers 1237 Research and development department managers 1239 Other department managers not elsewhere classified
13 GENERAL MANAGERS
131 GENERAL MANAGERS 1311 General managers in agriculture, hunting, forestry/ and fishing 1312 General managers in manufacturing 1313 General managers in construction 1314 General managers in wholesale and retail trade 1315 General managers of restaurants and hotels 1316 General managers in transport, storage and communications 1317 General managers of business services 1318 General managers in personal care, cleaning and related services 1319 General managers not elsewhere classified
MAJOR GROUP 2 PROFESSIONALS 21 PHYSICAL, MATHEMATICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE PROFESSIONALS
211 PHYSICISTS, CHEMISTS AND RELATED PROFESSIONALS 2111 Physicists and astronomers 2112 Meteorologists 2113 Chemists
EASS 2008 Culture
64
2114 Geologists and geophysicists 212 MATHEMATICIANS, STATISTICIANS AND RELATED PROFESSIONALS
2121 Mathematicians and related professionals 2122 Statisticians
213 COMPUTING PROFESSIONALS 2131 Computer systems designers and analysts 2132 Computer programmers 2139 Computing professionals not elsewhere classified
214 ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS AND RELATED PROFESSIONALS 2141 Architects, town and traffic planners 2142 Civil engineers 2143 Electrical engineers 2144 Electronics and telecommunications engineers 2145 Mechanical engineers 2146 Chemical engineers 2147 Mining engineers, metallurgists and related professionals 2148 Cartographers and surveyors 2149 Architects, engineers and related professionals not elsewhere classified
22 LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
221 LIFE SCIENCE PROFESSIONALS 2211 Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals 2212 Pharmacologists, pathologists and related professionals 2213 Agronomists and related professionals
222 HEALTH PROFESSIONALS (except nursing) 2221 Medical doctors 2222 Dentists 2223 Veterinarians 2224 Pharmacists 2229 Health professionals (except nursing) not elsewhere classified
223 NURSING AND MIDWIFERY PROFESSIONALS 2230 Nursing and midwifery professionals
23 TEACHING PROFESSIONALS
231 COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY AND HIGHER EDUCATION TEACHING PROFESSIONALS 2310 College, university and higher education teaching professionals
232 SECONDARY EDUCATION TEACHING PROFESSIONALS 2320 Secondary education teaching professionals
233 PRIMARY AND PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHING PROFESSIONALS 2331 Primary education teaching professionals 2332 Pre-primary education teaching professionals
234 SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHING PROFESSIONALS 2340 Special education teaching professionals
235 OTHER TEACHING PROFESSIONALS 2351 Education methods specialists 2352 School inspectors 2359 Other teaching professionals not elsewhere classified
24 OTHER PROFESSIONALS
241 BUSINESS PROFESSIONALS 2411 Accountants 2412 Personnel and careers professionals 2419 Business professionals not elsewhere classified
242 LEGAL PROFESSIONALS 2421 Lawyers 2422 Judges 2429 Legal professionals not elsewhere classified
243 ARCHIVISTS, LIBRARIANS AND RELATED INFORMATION PROFESSIONALS 2431 Archivists and curators 2432 Librarians and related information professionals
244 SOCIAL SCIENCE AND RELATED PROFESSIONALS 2441 Economists
EASS 2008 Culture
65
2442 Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals 2443 Philosophers, historians and political scientists 2444 Philologists, translators and interpreters 2445 Psychologists 2446 Social work professionals
245 WRITERS AND CREATIVE OR PERFORMING ARTISTS 2451 Authors, journalists and other writers 2452 Sculptors, painters and related artists 2453 Composers, musicians and singers 2454 Choreographers and dancers 2455 Film, stage and related actors and directors
246 RELIGIOUS PROFESSIONALS 2460 Religious professionals
MAJOR GROUP 3 TECHNICIANS AND ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 31 PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
311 PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE TECHNICIANS 3111 Chemical and physical science technicians 3112 Civil engineering technicians 3113 Electrical engineering technicians 3114 Electronics and telecommunications engineering technicians 3115 Mechanical engineering technicians 3116 Chemical engineering technicians 3117 Mining and metallurgical technicians 3118 Draughtspersons 3119 Physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified
312 COMPUTER ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3121 Computer assistants 3122 Computer equipment operators 3123 Industrial robot controllers
313 OPTICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT OPERATORS 3131 Photographers and image and sound recording equipment operators 3132 Broadcasting and telecommunications equipment operators 3133 Medical equipment operators 3139 Optical and electronic equipment operators not elsewhere classified
314 SHIP AND AIRCRAFT CONTROLLERS AND TECHNICIANS 3141 Ships' engineers 3142 Ships' deck officers and pilots 3143 Aircraft pilots and related associate professionals 3144 Air traffic controllers 3145 Air traffic safety technicians
315 SAFETY AND QUALITY INSPECTORS 3151 Building and fire inspectors 3152 Safety, health and quality inspectors
32 LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
321 LIFE SCIENCE TECHNICIANS AND RELATED ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3211 Life science technicians 3212 Agronomy and forestry technicians 3213 Farming and forestry advisers
322 MODERN HEALTH ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS (except nursing) 3221 Medical assistants 3222 Sanitarians 3223 Dieticians and nutritionists 3224 Optometrists and opticians 3225 Dental assistants 3226 Physiotherapists and related associate professionals 3227 Veterinary assistants 3228 Pharmaceutical assistants 3229 Modern health associate professionals (except nursing) not elsewhere classified
EASS 2008 Culture
66
323 NURSING AND MIDWIFERY ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3231 Nursing associate professionals 3232 Midwifery associate professionals
324 TRADITIONAL MEDICINE PRACTITIONERS AND FAITH HEALERS 3241 Traditional medicine practitioners 3242 Faith healers
33 TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
331 PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3310 Primary education teaching associate professionals
332 PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3320 Pre-primary education teaching associate professionals
333 SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3330 Special education teaching associate professionals
334 OTHER TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3340 Other teaching associate professionals
34 OTHER ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS
341 FINANCE AND SALES ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3411 Securities and finance dealers and brokers 3412 Insurance representatives 3413 Estate agents 3414 Travel consultants and organisers 3415 Technical and commercial sales representatives 3416 Buyers 3417 Appraisers, valuers and auctioneers 3419 Finance and sales associate professionals not elsewhere classified
342 BUSINESS SERVICES AGENTS AND TRADE BROKERS 3421 Trade brokers 3422 Clearing and forwarding agents 3423 Employment agents and labour contractors 3429 Business services agents and trade brokers not elsewhere classified
343 ADMINISTRATIVE ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3431 Administrative secretaries and related associate professionals 3432 Legal and related business associate professionals 3433 Bookkeepers 3434 Statistical, mathematical and related associate professionals 3439 Administrative associate professionals not elsewhere classified
344 CUSTOMS, TAX AND RELATED GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3441 Customs and border inspectors 3442 Government tax and excise officials 3443 Government social benefits officials 3444 Government licensing officials 3449 Customs, tax and related government associate professionals not elsewhere classified
345 POLICE INSPECTORS AND DETECTIVES 3450 Police inspectors and detectives
346 SOCIAL WORK ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3460 Social work associate professionals
347 ARTISTIC, ENTERTAINMENT AND SPORTS ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3471 Decorators and commercial designers 3472 Radio, television and other announcers 3473 Street, night-club and related musicians, singers and dancers 3474 Clowns, magicians, acrobats and related associate professionals 3475 Athletes, sportspersons and related associate professionals
348 RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 3480 Religious associate professionals
MAJOR GROUP 4 CLERKS 41 OFFICE CLERKS
411 SECRETARIES AND KEYBOARD-OPERATING CLERKS
EASS 2008 Culture
67
4111 Stenographers and typists 4112 Word-processor and related operators 4113 Data entry operators 4114 Calculating-machine operators 4115 Secretaries
412 NUMERICAL CLERKS
4121 Accounting and bookkeeping clerks 4122 Statistical and finance clerks
413 MATERIAL-RECORDING AND TRANSPORT CLERKS 4131 Stock clerks 4132 Production clerks 4133 Transport clerks
414 LIBRARY, MAIL AND RELATED CLERKS 4141 Library and filing clerks 4142 Mail carriers and sorting clerks 4143 Coding, proof-reading and related clerks 4144 Scribes and related workers
419 OTHER OFFICE CLERKS 4190 Other office clerks
42 CUSTOMER SERVICES CLERKS
421 CASHIERS, TELLERS AND RELATED CLERKS 4211 Cashiers and ticket clerks 4212 Tellers and other counter clerks 4213 Bookmakers and croupiers 4214 Pawnbrokers and money-lenders 4215 Debt-collectors and related workers
422 CLIENT INFORMATION CLERKS 4221 Travel agency and related clerks 4222 Receptionists and information clerks 4223 Telephone switchboard operators
MAJOR GROUP 5 SERVICE WORKERS AND SHOP AND MARKET SALES WORKERS 51 PERSONAL AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES WORKERS
511 TRAVEL ATTENDANTS AND RELATED WORKERS 5111 Travel attendants and travel stewards 5112 Transport conductors 5113 Travel guides
512 HOUSEKEEPING AND RESTAURANT SERVICES WORKERS 5121 Housekeepers and related workers 5122 Cooks 5123 Waiters, waitresses and bartenders
513 PERSONAL CARE AND RELATED WORKERS 5131 Child-care workers 5132 Institution-based personal care workers 5133 Home-based personal care workers 5139 Personal care and related workers not elsewhere classified
514 OTHER PERSONAL SERVICES WORKERS 5141 Hairdressers, barbers, beauticians and related workers 5142 Companions and valets 5143 Undertakers and embalmers 5149 Other personal services workers not elsewhere classified
515 ASTROLOGERS, FORTUNE-TELLERS AND RELATED WORKERS 5151 Astrologers and related workers 5152 Fortune-tellers, palmists and related workers
516 PROTECTIVE SERVICES WORKERS 5161 Fire-fighters 5162 Police officers 5163 Prison guards
EASS 2008 Culture
68
5169 Protective services workers not elsewhere classified 52 MODELS, SALESPERSONS AND DEMONSTRATORS
521 FASHION AND OTHER MODELS 5210 Fashion and other models
522 SHOP SALESPERSONS AND DEMONSTRATORS 5220 Shop salespersons and demonstrators
523 STALL AND MARKET SALESPERSONS 5230 Stall and market salespersons
MAJOR GROUP 6 SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS 61 MARKET-ORIENTED SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS
611 MARKET GARDENERS AND CROP GROWERS 6111 Field crop and vegetable growers 6112 Tree and shrub crop growers 6113 Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers 6114 Mixed-crop growers
612 MARKET-ORIENTED ANIMAL PRODUCERS AND RELATED WORKERS 6121 Dairy and livestock producers 6122 Poultry producers 6123 Apiarists and sericulturists 6124 Mixed-animal producers 6129 Market-oriented animal producers and related workers not elsewhere classified
613 MARKET-ORIENTED CROP AND ANIMAL PRODUCERS 6130 Market-oriented crop and animal producers
614 FORESTRY AND RELATED WORKERS 6141 Forestry workers and loggers 6142 Charcoal burners and related workers
615 FISHERY WORKERS, HUNTERS AND TRAPPERS 6151 Aquatic-life cultivation workers 6152 Inland and coastal waters fishery workers 6153 Deep-sea fishery workers 6154 Hunters and trappers
62 SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS
621 SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS 6210 Subsistence agricultural and fishery workers
MAJOR GROUP 7 CRAFT AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 71 EXTRACTION AND BUILDING TRADES WORKERS
711 MINERS, SHOTFIRERS, STONE CUTTERS AND CARVERS 7111 Miners and quarry workers 7112 Shotfirers and blasters 7113 Stone splitters, cutters and carvers
712 BUILDING FRAME AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7121 Builders, traditional materials 7122 Bricklayers and stonemasons 7123 Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers 7124 Carpenters and joiners 7129 Building frame and related trades workers not elsewhere classified
713 BUILDING FINISHERS AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7131 Roofers 7132 Floor layers and tile setters 7133 Plasterers 7134 Insulation workers 7135 Glaziers 7136 Plumbers and pipe fitters 7137 Building and related electricians
EASS 2008 Culture
69
714 PAINTERS, BUILDING STRUCTURE CLEANERS AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7141 Painters and related workers 7142 Varnishers and related painters 7143 Building structure cleaners
72 METAL, MACHINERY AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
721 METAL MOULDERS, WELDERS, SHEET-METAL WORKERS, STRUCTURAL- METAL PREPARERS, AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
7211 Metal moulders and coremakers 7212 Welders and flamecutters 7213 Sheet metal workers 7214 Structural-metal preparers and erectors 7215 Riggers and cable splicers 7216 Underwater workers
722 BLACKSMITHS, TOOL-MAKERS AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7221 Blacksmiths, hammer-smiths and forging-press workers 7222 Tool-makers and related workers 7223 Machine-tool setters and setter-operators 7224 Metal wheel-grinders, polishers and tool sharpeners
723 MACHINERY MECHANICS AND FITTERS 7231 Motor vehicle mechanics and fitters 7232 Aircraft engine mechanics and fitters 7233 Agricultural- or industrial-machinery mechanics and fitters
724 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MECHANICS AND FITTERS 7241 Electrical mechanics and fitters 7242 Electronics fitters 7243 Electronics mechanics and servicers 7244 Telegraph and telephone installers and servicers 7245 Electrical line installers, repairers and cable jointers
73 PRECISION, HANDICRAFT, PRINTING AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
731 PRECISION WORKERS IN METAL AND RELATED MATERIALS 7311 Precision-instrument makers and repairers 7312 Musical instrument makers and tuners 7313 Jewellery and precious-metal workers
732 POTTERS, GLASS-MAKERS AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7321 Abrasive wheel formers, potters and related workers 7322 Glass makers, cutters, grinders and finishers 7323 Glass engravers and etchers 7324 Glass, ceramics and related decorative painters
733 HANDICRAFT WORKERS IN WOOD,TEXTILE, LEATHER AND RELATED MATERIALS 7331 Handicraft workers in wood and related materials 7332 Handicraft workers in textile, leather and related materials
734 PRINTING AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7341 Compositors, typesetters and related workers 7342 Stereotypers and electrotypers 7343 Printing engravers and etchers 7344 Photographic and related workers 7345 Bookbinders and related workers 7346 Silk-screen, block and textile printers
74 OTHER CRAFT AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS
741 FOOD PROCESSING AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7411 Butchers, fishmongers and related food preparers 7412 Bakers, pastry-cooks and confectionery makers 7413 Dairy-products makers 7414 Fruit, vegetable and related preservers 7415 Food and beverage tasters and graders 7416 Tobacco preparers and tobacco products makers
742 WOOD TREATERS, CABINET-MAKERS AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7421 Wood treaters 7422 Cabinet makers and related workers
EASS 2008 Culture
70
7423 Woodworking machine setters and setter-operators 7424 Basketry weavers, brush makers and related workers
743 TEXTILE, GARMENT AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS 7431 Fibre preparers 7432 Weavers, knitters and related workers 7433 Tailors, dressmakers and hatters 7434 Furriers and related workers 7435 Textile, leather and related pattern-makers and cutters 7436 Sewers, embroiderers and related workers 7437 Upholsterers and related workers
744 PELT, LEATHER AND SHOEMAKING TRADES WORKERS 7441 Pelt dressers, tanners and fellmongers 7442 Shoe-makers and related workers
MAJOR GROUP 8 PLANT AND MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS 81 STATIONARY-PLANT AND RELATED OPERATORS
811 MINING- AND MINERAL-PROCESSING-PLANT OPERATORS 8111 Mining-plant operators 8112 Mineral-ore- and stone-processing-plant operators 8113 Well drillers and borers and related workers
812 METAL-PROCESSING-PLANT OPERATORS 8121 Ore and metal furnace operators 8122 Metal melters, casters and rolling-mill operators 8123 Metal-heat-treating-plant operators 8124 Metal drawers and extruders
813 GLASS, CERAMICS AND RELATED PLANT OPERATORS 8131 Glass and ceramics kiln and related machine operators 8139 Glass, ceramics and related plant operators not elsewhere classified
814 WOOD-PROCESSING- AND PAPERMAKING-PLANT OPERATORS 8141 Wood-processing-plant operators 8142 Paper-pulp plant operators 8143 Papermaking-plant operators
815 CHEMICAL-PROCESSING-PLANT OPERATORS 8151 Crushing-, grinding- and chemical-mixing-machinery operators 8152 Chemical-heat-treating-plant operators 8153 Chemical-filtering- and separating-equipment operators 8154 Chemical-still and reactor operators (except petroleum and natural gas) 8155 Petroleum- and natural-gas-refining-plant operators 8159 Chemical-processing-plant operators not elsewhere classified
816 POWER-PRODUCTION AND RELATED PLANT OPERATORS 8161 Power-production plant operators 8162 Steam-engine and boiler operators 8163 Incinerator, water-treatment and related plant operators
817 AUTOMATED-ASSEMBLY-LINE AND INDUSTRIAL-ROBOT OPERATORS 8171 Automated-assembly-line operators 8172 Industrial-robot operators
82 MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS
821 METAL- AND MINERAL-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS 8211 Machine-tool operators 8212 Cement and other mineral products machine operators
822 CHEMICAL-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS 8221 Pharmaceutical- and toiletry-products machine operators 8222 Ammunition- and explosive-products machine operators 8223 Metal finishing-, plating- and coating-machine operators 8224 Photographic-products machine operators 8229 Chemical-products machine operators not elsewhere classified
823 RUBBER- AND PLASTIC-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS 8231 Rubber-products machine operators 8232 Plastic-products machine operators
EASS 2008 Culture
71
824 WOOD-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS 8240 Wood-products machine operators
825 PRINTING-, BINDING- AND PAPER-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS 8251 Printing-machine operators 8252 Bookbinding-machine operators 8253 Paper-products machine operators
826 TEXTILE-, FUR- AND LEATHER-PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS 8261 Fibre-preparing-, spinning- and winding-machine operators 8262 Weaving- and knitting-machine operators 8263 Sewing-machine operators 8264 Bleaching-, dyeing- and cleaning-machine operators 8265 Fur and leather-preparing-machine operators 8266 Shoemaking- and related machine operators 8269 Textile-, fur- and leather-products machine operators not elsewhere classified
827 FOOD AND RELATED PRODUCTS MACHINE OPERATORS 8271 Meat- and fish-processing-machine operators 8272 Dairy-products machine operators 8273 Grain- and spice-milling-machine operators 8274 Baked-goods, cereal and chocolate-products machine operators 8275 Fruit-, vegetable- and nut-processing-machine operators 8276 Sugar production machine operators 8277 Tea-, coffee-, and cocoa-processing-machine operators 8278 Brewers, wine and other beverage machine operators 8279 Tobacco production machine operators
828 ASSEMBLERS 8281 Mechanical-machinery assemblers 8282 Electrical-equipment assemblers 8283 Electronic-equipment assemblers 8284 Metal-, rubber- and plastic-products assemblers 8285 Wood and related products assemblers 8286 Paperboard, textile and related products assemblers
829 OTHER MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS 8290 Other machine operators and assemblers
83 DRIVERS AND MOBILE-PLANT OPERATORS
831 LOCOMOTIVE-ENGINE DRIVERS AND RELATED WORKERS 8311 Locomotive-engine drivers 8312 Railway brakers, signallers and shunters
832 MOTOR-VEHICLE DRIVERS 8321 Motor-cycle drivers 8322 Car, taxi and van drivers 8323 Bus and tram drivers 8324 Heavy-truck and lorry drivers
833 AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER MOBILE-PLANT OPERATORS 8331 Motorised farm and forestry plant operators 8332 Earth-moving- and related plant operators 8333 Crane, hoist and related plant operators 8334 Lifting-truck operators
834 SHIPS' DECK CREWS AND RELATED WORKERS 8340 Ships' deck crews and related workers
MAJOR GROUP 9 ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 91 SALES AND SERVICES ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS
911 STREET VENDORS AND RELATED WORKERS 9111 Street food vendors 9112 Street vendors, non-food products 9113 Door-to-door and telephone salespersons
912 SHOE CLEANING AND OTHER STREET SERVICES ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 9120 Shoe cleaning and other street services elementary occupations
913 DOMESTIC AND RELATED HELPERS, CLEANERS AND LAUNDERERS
EASS 2008 Culture
72
9131 Domestic helpers and cleaners 9132 Helpers and cleaners in offices, hotels and other establishments 9133 Hand-launderers and pressers
914 BUILDING CARETAKERS, WINDOW AND RELATED CLEANERS 9141 Building caretakers 9142 Vehicle, window and related cleaners
915 MESSENGERS, PORTERS, DOORKEEPERS AND RELATED WORKERS 9151 Messengers, package and luggage porters and deliverers 9152 Doorkeepers, watchpersons and related workers 9153 Vending-machine money collectors, meter readers and related workers
916 GARBAGE COLLECTORS AND RELATED LABOURERS 9161 Garbage collectors 9162 Sweepers and related labourers
92 AGRICULTURAL, FISHERY AND RELATED LABOURERS
921 AGRICULTURAL, FISHERY AND RELATED LABOURERS 9211 Farm-hands and labourers 9212 Forestry labourers 9213 Fishery, hunting and trapping labourers
93 LABOURERS IN MINING, CONSTRUCTION, MANUFACTURING AND TRANSPORT
931 MINING AND CONSTRUCTION LABOURERS 9311 Mining and quarrying labourers 9312 Construction and maintenance labourers: roads, dams and similar constructions 9313 Building construction labourers
932 MANUFACTURING LABOURERS 9321 Assembling labourers 9322 Hand packers and other manufacturing labourers
933 TRANSPORT LABOURERS AND FREIGHT HANDLERS 9331 Hand or pedal vehicle drivers 9332 Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery 9333 Freight handlers
MAJOR GROUP 0 ARMED FORCES 01 ARMED FORCES
011 ARMED FORCES 0110 Armed forces
EASS 2008 Culture
73
B. EASS 2008 Standard Background Variables
No. Variable Variable Label SBV Code list Respondents
117 sex R: Sex 1 Male
2 Female
8 DK, refused
All respondents
118 age R: Age 888 DK, refused All respondents
119 marital R: Marital status 1 Married
2 Widowed
3 Divorced
4 Separated (Have intention to divorce)
5 Never married
6 Cohabiting
8 DK, refused
All respondents
120 relig R: Religious main
groups
1 No religion
2 Roman Catholic
3 Protestant
4 Christian Orthodox
5Jewish 6Islam
7 Buddhism 8 Hinduism
9 Other Christian Religions
10 Other Eastern Religions
11 Other Religions
77 TW: not asked
88 DK, refused
All respondents (TW: not asked)
121 topbot R: Top bottom
self-placement 10
pt scale
1 Lowest, 01
2 02
3 03
4 04
5 05
6 06
7 07
8 08
9 09
10 Highest, 10
88 DK, refused
All respondents
122 urbrural R:
Self-assessment
of community
type
1 A big city
2 The suburbs or outskirts of a big city
3 A town or a small city
4 A country village
5 A farm or home in the country
8 DK, refused
All respondents
EASS 2008 Culture
74
123
cn_reg Region: China 1 Anhui
2 Beijing
3 Fujian
4 Ganshu
5 Guangdong
6 Guangxi
7 Guizhou
8 Hebei 9 Henan
10 Heilongjiang
11 Hubei
12 Hunan
13 Jiling
14 Jiangsu
15 Jiangxi
16 Liaoning
17 Leimonggu
18 Ningxia
19 Shandong
20 Shanxi(jing)
21 Shanxi(qing)
22 Shanghai
23 Sichuan
24 Tianjin
25 Xingjiang
26 Yunnan
27 Zhejiang
28 Chongqing
99 NAP
(CN) All respondents
124 jp_reg Region: Japan 1 Hokkaido or Tohoku
2 Kanto
3 Chubu
4 Kinki
5 Cyugoku or Shikoku
6 Kyusyu
99 NAP
(JP) All respondents
125 kr_reg Region: South
Korea
1 Seoul Metropolitan City
2 Incheon Metropolitan city
3 Daejeon Metropolitan city
4 Busan Metropolitan city
5 Ulsan Metropolitan City
6 Deagu Metropolitan City
7 Gwangju Metropolitan city
8 Gyeonggi Province
9 Gangwon Province
10 Chungcheong Province
11 Gyeongsang Province
12 Jeolla Province
13 Jeju-do
99 NAP
(KR) All respondents
126 tw_reg Region: Taiwan 1 Keelung city
2 Taipei city
3 Taipei county
4 Taoyuan county
5 Hsinchu city
6 Hsinchu county
7 Miaoli county
8 Taichung city
9 Taichung county
10 Nantou county
11 Changhua county
(TW) All respondents
EASS 2008 Culture
75
12 Yunlin county
13 Chiayi city
14 Chiayi county
15 Tainan city
16 Tainan county
17 Kaohsiung city
18 Kaohsiung county
19 Pingtung county
20 Ilan county
21 Hualien county
90 China
91 Japan
92 Europe
99 NAP
127 happy R: General
happiness
1 Very happy, 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 Very unhappy, 5
7 KR: not asked
8 DK, refused
All respondents (KR: not asked)
128 happy_kr R: General
happiness: Korea
1 Very happy
2 Fairly happy
3 Not very happy
4 Not happy at all
8 DK, refused
9 NAP
(KR) All respondents
129 educyrs R: Education I:
years of schooling
0 No schooling at all
88 DK, refused
All respondents
130 degree R: Education II:
highest education
level
0 No formal qualification
1 Elementary school
2 Junior high
3 High school
4 Junior college
5 University
6 Graduate school
8 DK, refused
All respondents
131 inschl R: Education I
sub: still in
school
0 Out of school
1 Still in school
8 DK, refused
All respondents
132 wrkst R: Current
working status
1 Wage employee
2 Employer
3 Self-employed without an employee
4 Helping family business
5 Having no current work income
8 DK, refused
All respondents
133 fullpart R: Working
full-or part-time
1 Working full-time
2 Working part-time
8 DK, refused
9 NAP (Having no current work income)
Rs who have current work
income (wrkst=1,2,3,4)
134 wrkhrs R: Working hours
per week
888 DK, Refused
999 NAP (Having no current work income)
Rs who have current work
income (wrkst=1,2,3,4)
135 empcntrt R: Employment
contract of wage
employees
1 Regular worker
2 Temporary worker
8 DK, refused
9 NAP (Not a wage employee)
Rs who are wage employees
(wrkst=1)
136 wrktype R: Employment
sector
1 Works for government organization
2 Works for public or non-profit organization
3 Works for private organization
8 DK, refused
Rs who are wage employees
(wrkst=1)
EASS 2008 Culture
76
9 NAP (Not a wage employee)
137 whynowrk R: Reasons for
having no current
work income
1 Unemployed
2 Student, school, vocational training
3 Retired
4 Housewife,-man, home duties
5 Permanently disabled
6 Other
8 DK, refused
9 NAP (Having current work income)
Rs who do not have current
work income (wrkst=5)
138 isco88 R: Occupation
ILO, ISCO 1988
4-digit
88888 DK, refused
99999 NAP (Having no current work income)
Rs who have current work
income (wrkst=1,2,3,4)
139 cn_rinc R: Earnings from
main job: China
7777777 Refused
8888888 DK
9999999 NAP
(CN) Rs who have current work
income (wrkst=1,2,3,4)
140
jp_rinc R: Earnings from
main job: Japan
1 None
2 Less than 700,000 yen
3 700,000 yen - 1 million yen
4 1 million yen - 1.3 million yen
5 1.3 million yen - 1.5 million yen
6 1.5 million yen - 2.5 million yen
7 2.5 million yen - 3.5 million yen
8 3.5 million yen - 4.5 million yen
9 4.5 million yen - 5.5 million yen
10 5.5 million yen - 6.5 million yen
11 6.5 million yen - 7.5 million yen
12 7.5 million yen - 8.5 million yen
13 8.5 million yen - 10 million yen
14 10 million yen - 12 million yen
15 12 million yen - 14 million yen
16 14 million yen - 16 million yen
17 16 million yen - 18.5 million yen
18 18.5 million yen - 23 million yen
19 23 million yen or over
7777777 Refused
8888888 DK
9999999 NAP
(JP) Rs who have current work
income (wrkst=1,2,3,4)
141 kr_rinc R: Earnings from
main job: Korea
8888888 DK, refused
9999999 NAP
(KR) Rs who have current work
income (wrkst=1,2,3,4)
142 tw_rinc R: Earnings from
jobs (both main
and part-time
jobs): Taiwan
1 No income
2 NT$10,000 or less
3 NT$10,001 -NT$20,000
4 NT$20,001 -NT$30,000
5 NT$30,001 -NT$40,000
6 NT$40,001 -NT$50,000
7 NT$50,001 -NT$60,000
8 NT$60,001 -NT$70,000
9 NT$70,001 -NT$80,000
10 NT$80,001 -NT$90,000
11 NT$90,001 -NT$100,000
12 NT$100,001 -NT$150,000
13 NT$150,001 -NT$200,000
14 NT$200,001 -NT$300,000
15 More than NT$300,000
7777777 Refused
8888888 DK
9999999 NAP
(TW) Rs who have current work
income (wrkst=1,2,3,4)
143 cn_rincx R: Income other
than main job:
7777777 Refused
8888888 DK
(CN) All respondents
EASS 2008 Culture
77
China 9999999 NAP
144 jp_rincx R: Income other
than main job:
Japan
7777777 Refused
8888888 DK
9999999 NAP
(JP) All respondents
145 kr_rincx R: Income other
than main job:
Korea
8888888 DK, refused
9999999 NAP
(KR) All respondents
146 tw_rincx R: Income other
than jobs: Taiwan
6666666 TW: not asked
9999999 NAP
(TW) All respondents (TW: not
asked)
147 hhdnum Number of
household
members
888 DK, refused All respondents
148 cn_hinc Total household
income: China
8888888 DK, refused
9999999 NAP
(CN) All respondents
149 jp_hinc Total household
income: Japan
1 None
2 Less than 700,000 yen
3 700,000 yen - 1 million yen
4 1 million yen - 1.3 million yen
5 1.3 million yen - 1.5 million yen
6 1.5 million yen - 2.5 million yen
7 2.5 million yen - 3.5 million yen
8 3.5 million yen - 4.5 million yen
9 4.5 million yen - 5.5 million yen
10 5.5 million yen - 6.5 million yen
11 6.5 million yen - 7.5 million yen
12 7.5 million yen - 8.5 million yen
13 8.5 million yen - 10 million yen
14 10 million yen - 12 million yen
15 12 million yen - 14 million yen
16 14 million yen - 16 million yen
17 16 million yen - 18.5 million yen
18 18.5 million yen - 23 million yen
19 23 million yen or over
7777777 Refused
8888888 DK
9999999 NAP
(JP) All respondents
150 kr_hinc Total household
income: Korea
8888888 DK, refused
9999999 NAP
(KR) All respondents
151 tw_hinc Total household
income: Taiwan
1 No income
2 NT$10,000 or less
3 NT$10,001 -NT$20,000
4 NT$20,001 -NT$30,000
5 NT$30,001 -NT$40,000
6 NT$40,001 -NT$50,000
7 NT$50,001 -NT$60,000
8 NT$60,001 -NT$70,000
9 NT$70,001 -NT$80,000
10 NT$80,001 -NT$90,000
11 NT$90,001 -NT$100,000
12 NT$100,001 -NT$110,000
13 NT$110,001 -NT$120,000
14 NT$120,001 -NT$130,000
15 NT$130,001 -NT$140,000
16 NT$140,001 -NT$150,000
17 NT$150,001 -NT$160,000
18 NT$160,001 -NT$170,000
19 NT$170,001 -NT$180,000
20 NT$180,001 -NT$190,000
21 NT$190,001 -NT$200,000
22 NT$200,001 -NT$250,000
(TW) All respondents
EASS 2008 Culture
78
23 NT$250,001 -NT$300,000
24 NT$300,001 -NT$350,000
25 NT$350,001 -NT$400,000
26 NT$400,001 -NT$1,000,000
27 More than NT$1,000,000
7777777 Refused
8888888 DK
9999999 NAP
152 rltvhinc Household
income compared
1 Far below average
2 Below average
3 Average
4 Above average
5 Far above average
8 DK, refused
All respondents
153 weight Weighting factor 1 No weight All respondents
154 spage SP: Age 888 DK, refused
999 NAP
Rs who are married (marital=1,6)
155 spedyrs SP: Education I:
years of schooling
0 No schooling at all
88 DK, refused
99 NAP (Not married)
Rs who are married (marital=1,6)
156 spdegr SP: Education II:
highest education
level
0 No formal qualification
1 Elementary school
2 Junior high
3 High school
4 Junior college
5 University
6 Graduate school
8 DK, refused
9 NAP (Not married)
Rs who are married (marital=1,6)
157 spinschl SP: Education I
sub: still in
school
0 Out of school
1 Still in school
8 DK, refused
9 NAP (Not married)
Rs who are married (marital=1,6)
158 spwrkst SP: Current
working status
1 Wage employee
2 Employer
3 Self-Employed without an employee
4 Helping family business
5 Having no work income
8 DK, refused
9 NAP (Not married)
Rs who are married (marital=1,6)
159 spfullpt SP: Working
full-or part-time
1 Working full-time
2 Working part-time
8 DK, refused
9 NAP (Having no current work income or not
married)
Rs who are married(marital=1,6)
and whose spouses currently
have work income
(spwrkst=1,2,3,4)
160 spwrkhrs SP: Working
hours per week
888 DK, Refused
999 NAP (Having no current work income or
not married)
Rs who are married(marital=1,6)
and whose spouses currently
have work income
(spwrkst=1,2,3,4)
161 spempcnt SP: Employment
contract of wage
employees
1 Regular worker
2 Temporary worker
7 TW: not asked
8 DK, refused
9 NAP (Not a wage employee or not married)
Rs who are married(marital=1,6)
and whose spouses are wage
employees (spwrkst=1) (TW: not
sked)
EASS 2008 Culture
79
162 spwktype SP: Employment
sector
1 Works for government organization
2 Works for public or non-profit organization
3 Works for private organization
8 DK, refused
9 NAP (Not a wage employee or not married)
Rs who are married(marital=1,6)
and whose spouses are wage
employees (spwrkst=1)
163 spnowrk SP: Reasons for
having no current
work income
1 Unemployed
2 Student, school, vocational training
3 Retired
4 Housewife,-man, home duties
5 Permanently disabled
6 Other
8 DK, refused
9 NAP (Having current work income or not
married)
Rs who are married(marital=1,6)
and whose spouses do not have
any work income (spwrkst=5)
164 spisco88 SP: Occupation
ILO, ISCO 1988
4-digit
88888 DK, refused
99999 NAP (Having no current work income
or not married)
Rs who are married(marital=1,6)
and whose spouses currently
have work income
(spwrkst=1,2,3,4)
165 cn_spinc SP: Earnings from
main job: China
8888888 DK, refused
9999999 NAP
(CN) Rs who are
married(marital=1,6) and whose
spouses currently have work
income (spwrkst=1,2,3,4)
166 jp_spinc SP: Earnings from
main job: Japan
1 None
2 Less than 700,000 yen
3 700,000 yen - 1 million yen
4 1 million yen - 1.3 million yen
5 1.3 million yen - 1.5 million yen
6 1.5 million yen - 2.5 million yen
7 2.5 million yen - 3.5 million yen
8 3.5 million yen - 4.5 million yen
9 4.5 million yen - 5.5 million yen
10 5.5 million yen - 6.5 million yen
11 6.5 million yen - 7.5 million yen
12 7.5 million yen - 8.5 million yen
13 8.5 million yen - 10 million yen
14 10 million yen - 12 million yen
15 12 million yen - 14 million yen
16 14 million yen - 16 million yen
17 16 million yen - 18.5 million yen
18 18.5 million yen - 23 million yen
19 23 million yen or over
7777777 Refused
8888888 DK
9999999 NAP
(JP) Rs who are
married(marital=1,6) and whose
spouses currently have work
income (spwrkst=1,2,3,4)
167 kr_spinc SP: Earnings from
main job: Korea
8888888 DK, refused
9999999 NAP
(KR) Rs who are
married(marital=1,6) and whose
spouses currently have work
income (spwrkst=1,2,3,4)
EASS 2008 Culture
80
168
tw_spinc SP: Earnings from
jobs (both main
and part-time
jobs): Taiwan
1 No income
2 NT$10,000 or less
3 NT$10,001 -NT$20,000
4 NT$20,001 -NT$30,000
5 NT$30,001 -NT$40,000
6 NT$40,001 -NT$50,000
7 NT$50,001 -NT$60,000
8 NT$60,001 -NT$70,000
9 NT$70,001 -NT$80,000
10 NT$80,001 -NT$90,000
11 NT$90,001 -NT$100,000
12 NT$100,001 -NT$150,000
13 NT$150,001 -NT$200,000
14 NT$200,001 -NT$300,000
15 More than NT$300,000
7777777 Refused
8888888 DK
9999999 NAP
(TW) Rs who are
married(marital=1,6) and whose
spouses currently have work
income (spwrkst=1,2,3,4)
169 cn_sincx
SP: Income other 6666666 CN: not asked
9999999 NAP
(CN) Rs who are married
(marital=1,6) (CN: not asked) than main job:
China
170 jp_sincx
SP: Income other 7777777 Refused
8888888 DK
9999999 NAP
(JP) Rs who are married
(marital=1,6) than main job:
Japan
171 kr_sincx
SP: Income other 8888888 DK, refused
9999999 NAP
(KR) Rs who are married
(marital=1,6) than main job:
Korea
172 tw_sincx SP: Income other
than jobs: Taiwan
6666666 TW: not asked
9999999 NAP
(TW) Rs who are married
(marital=1,6) (TW: not asked)
173 paedyrs PA: Education I: 0 No schooling at all
88 DK, refused All respondents
years of schooling
174 padegr PA: Education II:
highest education
level
0 No formal qualification
1 Elementary school
2 Junior high
3 High school
4 Junior college
5 University
6 Graduate school
8 DK, refused
All respondents
175 maedyrs MA: Education I: 0 No schooling at all
88 DK, refused All respondents
years of schooling
176 madegr MA: Education II:
highest education
level
0 No formal qualification
1 Elementary school
2 Junior high
3 High school
4 Junior college
5 University
6 Graduate school
8 DK, refused
All respondents
EASS 2008 Culture
81
EASS(East Asian Social Survey)
2008 CULTURE Module Codebook
East Asian Social Survey Data Archive Academy of East Asian Studies, SungKyunKwan University 6th Floor of the Hoam Building (#605),
3-53 Myungryundong Jongnogu, Seoul, Korea 110-745 Telephone : +82-2-760-1270, FAX : +82-2-744-6169, E-mail: [email protected]