easa & uas airworthiness policy – presented at the military airworthiness harmonisation...
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EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
EASA & UAS AIRWORTHINESS POLICY
David [email protected]
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 2
European Aviation Safety Agency
Contents
Part 1: EASAWhat is EASA?Civil/Military Co-operation
Part 2:Civil Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)Civil UAS ExperienceOverview of UAS Airworthiness PolicyOn-going activities Summary
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 3
European Aviation Safety Agency
What is EASA?
EASA is a European Union Agency
Established by regulation (EC) 1592/2002:Defines clear sharing of roles between EASA, the Member States and the European CommissionEstablishes basic principles for civil aviation safety and essential requirements Limited to airworthiness and Environmental protection
Scope subsequently extended by regulation (EC) 216/2008 to cover operations, pilot licensing and 3rd country operators.
Will be extended further (2010?) to cover aerodromes and ATM/ANS
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 4
European Aviation Safety Agency
EASA Facts & Figures
Location:Originally located in BrusselsSeat is Cologne since 03 November 2004
Staffing:1 - September 2003;100 - end of 2004; 185 - end of 2005; 450? - end 2009
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 5
European Aviation Safety Agency
EASA Objectives & Role
Principal Objective:To establish and maintain high uniform levels of civil aviation safety in Europe
Role:Rulemaking
Certification
Standardisation
Centre of expertise within EUInternational relations
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 6
European Aviation Safety Agency
Civil/Military Co-operation
Regulation (EC) 216/2008Article 1Scope
“1. … 2. This Regulation shall not apply when products,
parts, appliances, personnel and organisations referred to in paragraph 1 are engaged in military, customs, police, or similar services.The Member States shall undertake to ensure that such services have due regard as far as practicable to the objectives of this Regulation.”
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 7
European Aviation Safety Agency
Civil/Military Co-operation
Examples of Civil/Military co-operation:
Informal advice and participation in meetings
Mutual exchange of Continued airworthiness information for dual use aircraft (e.g. helicopters)
A400M civil certification
Recognition that expertise residing in the military may cross into the civil world (e.g. UAS)
EASA would welcome further co-ordination with military aviation authorities
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 8
European Aviation Safety Agency
Part 2Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
EASA Airworthiness Policy
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 9
European Aviation Safety Agency
Civil UAS Experience
Initial expectation that civil UAS would explode onto the civil market has yet to materialise
Many small UAS (<150kg) operating under exemptions granted by NAAs
FAA grant about 100 Certificates of Authorization (COA) per year to governmental agencies, mostly (80-85%) are to small UAS primarily used for law enforcement.
Currently 3 UAS applications for EASA type-certification (1 each for helicopter, aeroplane and airship)
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 10
European Aviation Safety Agency
The Civil UAS Market
Source: European Commission - ENTR/2007/065. Study Analysing the Current Activities in the Field of UAV. Frost & Sullivan, 10th November 2008
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 11
European Aviation Safety Agency
UAS Airworthiness Policy
Derived from earlier work done by the JAA/EUROCONTROL UAV Task Force & A-NPA 16/2005Establishes general principles for type-certificationProvides guidance to Part 21UAS DefinitionPolicy Scope (in line with Regulation 216/2008)
Not military or state a/c (Article 1)Not research or experimental a/c (Annex II (b)Not ex-military (Annex II (d))Not below 150 kg (Annex II (i))
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 12
European Aviation Safety Agency
Policy Objectives
To facilitate the acceptance of UAS for civil applications while upholding the Agency’s given objectives in the Basic Regulation.
A civil UAS must not increase the risk to people or property on the ground compared with manned aircraft of equivalent category.
Airworthiness standards should not penalise UAS by requiring compliance with higher standards simply because technology permits.
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 13
European Aviation Safety Agency
Certification Procedures
Part 21 appliesExisting procedures for manned a/c apply
Normal approach (DOA/POA, TC, CofA, Part M)Alternative Approach
Allowed under 216/2008 Article 5 4(b)Provides a step-by-step approachDeviations from ER must be compensated for by operational restrictions.Leads to Restricted TC and/or Restricted CofASpecific certification specs. or safety case
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 14
European Aviation Safety Agency
Guidance to Part 21
21A.14: Demonstration of CapabilityDOAAPDOA for very light UAS (CS-VLA,CS-VLR)
21A.16B: Special ConditionsEmergency recovery CapabilityCommunication LinkLevel of AutonomyHuman machine InterfaceGround Control StationSystem Safety AnalysisDue to type of operation
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
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European Aviation Safety Agency
Guidance to Part 21
21A.17: Type Certification basis Consists of:
Base CS(s) chosen from KE and equivalence with manned a/cTailoring of CS SC (including System safety Analysis)
Accept compliance with USAR v3 & STANAG 4671, provided:
base CS is not above CS-23 and appropriate system safety objectives are used
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 16
European Aviation Safety Agency
Issues still to be developed
AirworthinessAPDOASystem Safety Analysis & Targets Sense & Avoid (once criteria is defined)
New EASA responsibilities to be included:Ops & Lic. (including FDR/CVR)AerodromesATC/ATM
Prime responsibility outside EASA:Security
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 17
European Aviation Safety Agency
On-Going Activities
FAA/EASA CollaborationJoint Authorities for Rulemaking Unmanned Systems (JARUS)EUROCAE WG-73 / RTCA SC 203ICAO UAS Study groupITU: WRC 2011EASA Research contract on UAS Communications Contacts with other organisations: EDA, NATO (FINAS), NAAs, EUROCONTROL, etc.
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 18
European Aviation Safety Agency
Summary
EASA is committed to developing the regulatory framework for civil UAS.
EASA is and will continue to actively contribute to this goal in cooperation with other stakeholders and regulatory bodies.
UAS will only be allowed to operate where they can show equivalent safety to manned civil a/c.
Existing civil manned aircraft rules and procedures will be used wherever practicable.
UAS are only a small (although growing) part of the EASA’s overall scope, and time/resources must be allocated proportionately
EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009
Slide 19
European Aviation Safety Agency
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
www.easa.europa.eu