earth’s radiation belt
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Space Plasma Physics. Earth’s Radiation Belt. Xi Shao Department of Astronomy, University Of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. Space Plasma Physics. Outline. History and importance of studying Earth’s radiation belt Dynamics of Earth’s radiation belt: Observations - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Earth’s Radiation BeltEarth’s Radiation Belt
Xi ShaoXi Shao
Department of Astronomy, Department of Astronomy, University Of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742University Of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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OutlineOutline History and importance of studying Earth’s History and importance of studying Earth’s radiation beltradiation belt Dynamics of Earth’s radiation belt: Dynamics of Earth’s radiation belt: ObservationsObservations Origin of Earth’s radiation belt: Geomagnetic Origin of Earth’s radiation belt: Geomagnetic Storms and Substorms.Storms and Substorms. Modeling formation of Earth’s radiation belt.Modeling formation of Earth’s radiation belt. Slot Region formation.Slot Region formation.
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• The Radiation Belt is a energetic torus of energetic charged particles (plasma) around Earth, held in place by Earth's magnetic field • Historic discovery in 1958 by the Explorer I in 1958, and Explorer III missions, under Dr.James Van Allen at the University of Iowa. • The trapped radiation was first mapped out by Sputnik 3, Explorer IV, Pioneer III and Luna 1. • Energetic electrons form two distinct radiation belts, while protons form a single belt.
Radiation Belts: The Big Picture
Explorer I
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The Radiation Belts Today: a Dynamic Space Weather Environment
Space Weather Applications:• Astronauts safety• Hardware integrity• Mission performance
• Satellite solar cell panel degradation• Single Event Upset (SEU)
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The Radiation Belts Today: a Dynamic Space Weather Environment
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Why Trapped?Why Trapped?
Electron Orbit Proton Orbit
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NOAA POES Observations-Dynamical View Orbit Altitude: ~ 800 kmInclination: ~ 98 degreeOrbit Period:~100 mins
MEPED Detector Energy Channels used in this poster:Proton: >80 MeV(Omni-Detector)Electron: > 300 keV(Omni-Directional flux derived from 2 telescopes)NOAA POES Data obtained from
http://poes.ngdc.noaa.gov
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NOAA POES Satellite OribitNOAA POES Satellite Oribit
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Electron (> 300 keV) Belt Dynamics(1979-1991)
Mar. 1989Mar. 1991
Feb. 1986
Outer BeltWeakens
Inner belt Enhanced
Apr. 1981Jul. 1982
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Electron (> 300 keV) Belt Dynamics(1992-2004)
NOAA-15 changes telescope pointing direction and data is still in processing for L < 2.
Oct-Nov, 2003Outer BeltWeakens
Inner belt Re-Enhanced
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Radiation Belt Dynamics and Geomagnetic Storms
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Proton (> 80 MeV) Belt Dynamics(1979-1991) Mar. 1991
Mar. 1989Feb. 1986
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Proton (> 80 MeV) Belt Dynamics(1992-2004) Oct-Nov, 2003
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Radiation Belt inside the Earth’s Magnetosphere: Its Origin.
Earth’s Magnetosphere
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Modeling Solar Wind Interaction with Earth’s Magnetosphere
MHD Equations Solved on a 3D Stretched Spherical Mesh
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Magnetospheric Storms/SubstormsMagnetospheric Storms/Substorms
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Vortices During 2002-03-29 EventVortices During 2002-03-29 Event
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Complex Vortices Structure inside Complex Vortices Structure inside MagnetosphereMagnetosphere
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Magnetospheric Substorm
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t= 00:-07:-48
t= 00:51:05
t= 01:01:07
t= 00:47:20
t= 00:56:06
t= 01:06:08
Mid-Tail Reconnection
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Development of Bursty Bulk Flow
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1:00 UT
Ring Current DevelopmentRing Current Development
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3D Particle Tracing Code (Full Motion forProtons, and Guiding Center for electrons)
Initial Test Particle Distribution
3D Electric-Magnetic field from LFM Global
MHD Model of Earth’s Magnetosphere
RB energetic particle distribution
Physical Modeling of Radiation Belt
e
p
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Radiation Belt Electron DynamicsRadiation Belt Electron Dynamics
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Radiation Belt Protons DynamicsRadiation Belt Protons Dynamics
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A snapshot of electron location and energy in 3D 10 mins later
Initial Configuration of 5keV electrons
Energization of Radiation Belt Electrons
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Formation of Slot Region in Electron Formation of Slot Region in Electron Radiation BeltRadiation Belt
Whistler Waves in the Plasmasphere
Slot Region
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Quick Time Movie
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Solar Cycle Shifting of Safe-ZoneSolar Cycle Shifting of Safe-Zone
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SummarySummary
Review History and Importance of Review History and Importance of Radiation BeltRadiation Belt Radiation Belt StructureRadiation Belt Structure Origin of Radiation BeltOrigin of Radiation Belt Radiation Belt Slot regionRadiation Belt Slot region Safe-zone Solar-Cycle Shifting.Safe-zone Solar-Cycle Shifting.
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Outstanding science questionsAcceleration mechanisms; their relative significance Solar wind-inner magnetosphere coupling Loss mechanisms
User needs a Model: Accurate flux models L shell specificity Forensic evaluation Nowcasting