Costa’s Levels of Questioning and Thinking

Why use Costa’s?

A way to deeper understand material. Design challenging questions to test

your self. Has three levels Easy to learn

Level 1 – Book Only

Answers can be found in the text Texts can be books, notes, articles, etc. Concrete questions asking for facts only

about what was read or heard Information is recalled the way it was

heard

Level 1 Words

List Define State

Describe Give Examples

Explain Locate

Level 2 – Book and Brain

Answer can be inferred from text More abstract, but still relies on facts Brain has to use the facts to combine

information in a new way Information can be broken down into

parts Examining in detail Making inferences Decision-making

Level 2 Words

Compare and contrast

Diagram Practice Illustrate

Solve

Outline Write Select Draw

Analyze

Level 3 – Brain Only

Answer goes beyond the text Question is abstract and does not rely on

text Judgments are made from information Opinions may be given and justified

Level 3 Words

Judge Predict

Prove your answer Explain your answer

Conclude Justify Apply

Imagine

Practice

Remember the story of the Three Little Pigs???

We are going to use that to work with Costa’s Levels of Questioning

Safety in the Science Laboratory

Lab Safety: Everyone is Responsible!

* “I didn’t mean to” and “It wasn’t my fault” are two statements that have no place in the lab.* Horse-play won’t be tolerated.* Be prepared. Read the lab steps and procedures before beginning any lab. * Listen to the instructor’s directions and ask questions if you don’t understand.

No playing around in the Lab!

* No playing, pushing, shoving* Serious accidents could occur: cuts, burns* Horseplay will result in a 0 for your lab grade.* Disciplinary action will be taken for improper procedures* May be excluded from future labs.

Two things to remember in the Science Lab* Follow proper techniques* Use common sense

Potential Hazards in the Lab

• Fire• Severe burns to body• Corrosive or poisonous

substances• Glassware breakage

Know where safety devices are located

* Fire extinguishers* Fire blanket* Emergency shower* Eyewash* Exit doors* Telephone

Basic, safe laboratory practices are expected of all students!!!

Eye Protection

* Safety goggles or glasses must be worn at all times in the laboratory.

* Contact lenses should not be worn in the lab or wear special goggles

Personal Safety Rules

* Long hair needs to be tied back* Bulky clothing or loose fitting sleeves should not be worn* No open toed shoes* Low hanging jewelry can catch on things and should not be worn in the lab

Safety rules to remember* To protect clothing from chemical damage, wear a lab apron* Do not have extra papers not needed on the lab table while working with the Bunsen burner or other lab equipment*In case of injury (cut, burn, fire, etc) notify the instructor immediately* Never work in the lab without proper supervision

Testing of odors

* Do not smell the beaker directly

To test odor, carefully wave the vapor from the beaker toward your nose with your hand. Keep the beaker quite a distance from your face.

Heating a test tube

* Hold the test tube end away from your face and others

* Wave the test tube gently back and forth across the flame to help prevent spattering

Lab Station Clean-up* Dispose of chemicals as directed by the instructor* NEVER put unused chemicals back into their original container* Return any chemicals to the designated area* Wash and dry all glassware* Clean and dry your lab table* Wash your hands with antibacterial soap

Successful Labs

* Be prepared and read directions* Use lab equipment properly* Perform lab techniques properly* Clean up your lab station area* Complete the lab report as directed and answer all questions

Earth Science Mr. Miller

J17

Essential Question What is studied in Earth Science

and Environmental Science?

History of Science Science is a system of knowledge and the

method used to find knowledge.

It all starts with curiosity which provides questions

Often it ends with discovery.

Science and Technology Technology is the use of knowledge to

solve practical problems. Both depend on each other Advances in one lead to advances in the

other. Goal of Science: Advance Knowledge Goal of Technology: Apply Knowledge

Earth Science Name for the group of sciences that deals

with Earth and its neighbors in space Four Branches

Geology – Study of Earth Oceanography – Study of sea water, coastal

processes, seafloor, and marine life Meteorology – Study of atmosphere and

processes that produce weather and climate Astronomy – Study of the universe

Four Spheres of Earth Hydrosphere: ~72% of the Earth is H2O

(97% salt, 3% fresh) Less than 1% is useable

Atmosphere: thin, gaseous layer surrounding Earth

Geosphere: layer of Earth beneath the atmosphere and oceans Three Layers – Core, Mantle, Crust

Biosphere: includes all life on Earth Extends from ocean floor up several km into the

atmosphere

Spheres Cont. Hydrosphere

Atmosphere

Spheres Cont. Geosphere Biosphere

Earth as a System These spheres work

together as a system. Energy & matter flow

into and out of the system

Two Sources of Energy for the Earth Sun: drives external processes in the

atmosphere, hydrosphere, & at Earth’s surface weather, climate, ocean circulation, erosion

Earth’s interior: drives internal processes volcanoes, earthquakes, & mountain building

Environmental Science The study of how humans interact with the

environment. Major focus is solving environmental

problems Pollution Resource Depletion (Search for Energy) Extinction

Scientific Measurements

Essential Question: What is the metric system and how

does the United States differ in the way we measure things?

What is a measurement?

• Precise observation based on numerical descriptions

• Must be accurate and reproducible

Scientific Measurement

• The unit is half the answer.

• The number should be in proper form.– Decimal form is the

proper form.

5 1/2 5.5 g

What’s the big deal about the metric system?

• It’s the system of measurement used in science.– Used all around the world – Based on multiples of 10– Includes length, volume, mass, &

temperature

Types of Measurements

• Length – Distance from 1 point to another– Standard unit is the meter (m)– Common instrument is metric ruler

Types of Measurements cont..• Volume :The amount of space occupied

by an object– Standard unit for a liquid - liter (L) (graduated cylinder is tool of measure.) (measure to the bottom of the meniscus)– Standard unit for a solid - cm3

(metric ruler is tool of measure)

Types of Measurements cont..

• Temperature– Amount of heat energy in a substance– Standard unit - Celsius (°C)– Instrument: Celsius thermometer

Types of Measurements cont....

• Time– Limited period in which an action takes

place– Standard unit: Second (s)– Instrument: Stop Watch, Timer

Types of Measurements cont..• Mass

– The amount of matter in an object– Standard unit - gram (g)– Instrument: Triple Beam Balance– Remains the same no matter where you

are

Types of Measurements cont..

– Let's compare mass and weight• Weight

– Force of gravity on an object– Changes with locationNot used by scientists because

of this– Fw = m X g

Scientific Notation

• Is a way of expressing a value as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10.

• Makes very large or very small numbers easier to work with.

• Examples:– 300,000,000 = 3.0 x 108

– 0.00086 = 8.6 x 10-4

Multiplying and Dividing with Scientific Notation

• Multiply the decimal numbers and add the exponents.– Example:

• (3.0 x 108 m/s)(5.0 x 102) = 15 x 1010 m1.5 x 1011 m

• Divide the decimal numbers and subtract the exponents.– Example:

• (1.5 x 1011 m) = 0.50 x 103 s = 5.0 x 102 s (3.0 x 108 m/s)

Practice Problems

• Math Practice 1 & 2 on p. 15 of your text book.

• Math Practice 7 & 8 on p. 20 of your text book.