EARTH SCIENCE

CHAPTER 1 SECTION 1

BRANCHES OF EARTH SCIENCE

PAGES 6-11

EARTH SCIENCE THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION AND PROCESSES.

GEOLOGY

METEOROLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY

ASTRONOMY

Branches of Earth Science

• Geology is the study of the solid Earth

• Anything and everything that has to do with the solid Earth is part of geology

• Most geologists specialize in a particular aspect of the Earth

• A volcanologist studies volcanoes

• A seismologist studies earthquakes

• A paleontologist studies fossils

GEOLOGYTHE STUDY OF THE ORIGIN (BEGINNING), HISTORY, AND STRUCTURE AND THE PROCESSES THAT SHAPE THE EARTH.

OLOGY: LATIN PREFIX THAT MEANS WORD OR THE STUDY OF.

GEOLOGIST

VOLCANOLOGIST A GEOLOGIST THAT STUDIES VOLCANOES.SEISMOLOGIST A GEOLOGIST THAT STUDIES EARTHQUAKES.

GEOLOGIST

SPELEOLOGIST:STUDIES CAVES

2 FORMS OF MINERAL DEPOSITS

STALAGMITE PROJECTS UPWARD

STALACTITE HANGS DOWN

COLUMN: STALACTITE AND STALAGMITE FUSE TOGETHER.

Oceanography Water Water Everywhere

• When studying caves in Florida & the Bahamas he found stalactites & stalagmites

• This indicates that the caves were above sea level at one time

• Stalactites grow down from the top of cave from dripping water

• Stalagmites grow from the floor of the cave up from the minerals in the water

OCEANOGRAPHYTHE EXPLORATION AND STUDY OF THE SEA OR OCEAN.

PHYSICAL

GEOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL

CHEMICAL

Oceanography Water Water Everywhere

• Physical oceanographers study things like waves and ocean currents

• Biological oceanographers study the plants and animals that live in the ocean

• Geological oceanographers study the ocean floor

• Robert Fronk is an oceanographer that studies under water caves

Oceanography Water Water Everywhere

• John Trefry another oceanographer discovered black smokers in a minisub called Alvin

• Black smokers are a type of hydrothermal vent which is a crack in the ocean floor that spews super heated water & minerals from inside the Earth onto the ocean floor

• At one time it was believed that life could not exist without sun light (but life thrives near Black smokers)

OCEANOGRAPHYTHE EXPLORATION AND STUDY OF THE SEA OR OCEAN.JOHN TREFRY USED THE MINSUBTO REACH THE

DEEP OCEAN FLOOR

OCEANOGRAPHYALVIN IS A DEEP SUBMERGENCE VEHICLE (DSV) OWNED BY THE U.S. NAVY. IT CAN STAY DOWN FOR 8 HOURS AT A DEPTH OF 14,000+ FEET.

OCEANOGRAPHY

HYDRO

WATER

THERMAL

HEAT

BLACK SMOKERS

ROCK CHIMNEYS ON THE OCEAN FLOOR THAT

RELEASE BLACK CLOUDS OF MINERALS.

OCEANOGRAPHYBLOOD-RED TUBE WORMS

FOUND AROUND HYDROTHERMAL VENTS, THEY CAN GROW AS LONG

AS 3.5m

GEOLOGIST

METEOROLOGY: THE SCIENCE THAT DEALS WITH THE ATMOSPHERE AND ITS PROCESSES, ESPECIALLY WEATHER AND CLIMATE.

Meteorology It’s a Gas• Meteorology is the study of the entire

atmosphere

• Anytime you talk about the weather you are discussing Meteorology

• The most common career in meteorology is weather forecasting

GEOLOGIST

HURRICANE ANDREW: A HURRICANE THAT STRUCK SOUTH FLORDIA ON AUGUST 24, 1992. IT IS THE MOST COSTLY NATURE DISASTER IN US HISTORY. DAMAGE AS MUCH AS $30 BILLION.

ASTRONOMY: THE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSE AND ALL THE CELESTIAL BODIES IT CONTAINS.

Astronomy Far Far Away• Astronomy is the study of all physical things

beyond the Earth

• They study stars, planets, and moons

• Early astronomers used only their eyes to observe the stars and the moon

• Only a couple of centuries ago they started using optical telescopes

• These days we observe stars using radio, x-ray, inferred, ultraviolet, and gamma ray telescopes

Astronomy Far Far Away• OPTICAL TELESCOPES:

• USE LIGHT AND LENS TO MAGNIFY AN OBJECT.

Astronomy Far Far Away• RADIO TELESCOPES: ALSO

CALLED RADIO ANTENNAS: THEY PARABOLIC DISH THAT PICK UP EMISSION FROM ASTRONOMICAL OBJECTS.

GALILEO GALILEI

IN 1609 USED THE OPTICAL TELESCOPE

1ST PERSON TO SEE CRATERS ON THE MOON

DISCOVERED THE 4 MOONS AROUND JUPITER

OBSERVED PHASES OF VENUS

Special Branches of Earth Science

• Sometimes Earth sciences find themselves in careers that rely on life, chemistry, physics, and other areas of science

• Ecologists study ecosystems, an ecosystem is a community of organisms and their nonliving environment

• Geochemists combines the studies of geology and chemistry

Special Branches of Earth Science

• Environmental science is the study of how humans interact with the environment

• Geographers study the surface features of the Earth

• Cartographers make maps of the Earth’s features

GEOLOGIST

CARTOGRAPHY: THE ART OF MAKING MAPS.