earth and moon notes
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Earth and Moon Notes. Rotation vs. Revolution. Rotation- spinning of earth on its own axis: 24 hours = 1 day = 1 rotation What causes night and day. Revolution. Earth’s movement around the sun is a revolution. One complete revolution = 1 year = 365.25 days. The Seasons. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Earth and Moon NotesEarth and Moon Notes
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Rotation vs. RevolutionRotation vs. Revolution• Rotation- spinning of
earth on its own axis:• 24 hours = 1 day = 1
rotation• What causes night and
day.
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RevolutionRevolution• Earth’s movement around the sun is a
revolution.• One complete revolution = 1 year = 365.25
days.
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The SeasonsThe Seasons• Equator does not
experiences difference in temp. and daylight in seasons b/c it receives the most direct sunlight.
• Poles = extreme temp. differences.
• Winter in Alaska = 2 hrs of daylight, in summer = sun never sets.
• Seasons caused by the tilt of the Earths axis – tilted 23.5 degrees
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June in Northern HemisphereJune in Northern Hemisphere• Axis tilted towards the
sun.• Summer – longer
days, warmer temperatures
• NOT caused by the distance from the sun, caused by more direct sunlight.
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December in the Northern December in the Northern HemisphereHemisphere
• Earth’s axis pointed away from the sun.
• Winter = shorter days, colder temperatures, due to less direct sunlight and fewer hours of daylight.
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June and December SolsticeJune and December Solstice• June 21st = longest day
of the year, considered first day of summer.
• December 21st, shortest day of the year, considered first day of winter.
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Equinox in March and SeptemberEquinox in March and September• Equinox is halfway
between each solstice.• Equinox – neither
hemisphere is pointed towards or away from the sun.
• Equinox = equal night = 12 hrs day/12 hrs. night
• March 21st – spring equinox, September 22nd – fall equinox.
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Gravity and MotionGravity and Motion
• Recall that gravity is a force that attracts all objects towards each other.
• Universal Law of Gravitation – every object in the universe attracts every other object.
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Gravity and MotionGravity and Motion• The strength of gravity is dependent on 2 things: the
mass of the objects, and the distance between them.• If mass increases, gravity increases.• If distance increases, gravity decreases. • Weight – the force of gravity on an objects mass.
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Inertia and Orbital MotionInertia and Orbital Motion
• Two factors keep Earth and the moon in their orbits – inertia and gravity.
• Earth’s gravity pulls the moon toward it, preventing the moon from traveling in a straight line. The moon keeps moving ahead because of it’s inertia.
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• Inertia – the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.
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The MoonThe Moon
• The positions of the moon, Earth, and sun causes the phases of the moon, eclipses, and tides.
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Rotation vs. RevolutionRotation vs. Revolution• A “day” and a
“year” are the same length on the moon.
• One day = 1 rotation of the moon= 29.5 earth days
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Dark Side of the MoonDark Side of the Moon• The ‘dark side’ is
the side we never see.
• The moons whole set of phases occurs in 29.5 days
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Phases of the moonPhases of the moon• Depends on
how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces the Earth
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Eclipses occur when….Eclipses occur when….
• The moons shadow hits Earth or Earth’s shadow hits the moon
• There are ‘solar’ eclipses, and ‘lunar’ eclipses
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Solar EclipseSolar Eclipse• Occurs when the moons shadow falls on the Earth. • Sun, moon and Earth aligned
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• Lunar eclipses occur when the earth’s shadow falls on the moon
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View of Solar EclipseView of Solar Eclipse
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TidesTides• The tides are caused mainly by differences in how
much the moon’s gravity pulls on different parts of the Earth
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High vs. Low TideHigh vs. Low Tide• Tides occur in a daily cycle. • As the Earth rotates on its axis, any point on
Earth goes through a cycle of high tide, low tide, high tide, low tide.
• The moon’s gravity causes high tide on the side closest to the moon,
• Low tide occurs when that part of the Earth is at a 90 degree angle to the moon.
• Tide Schedule