earth-moon motion
TRANSCRIPT
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Shara Alyssa A. Tolentino
IV-24 BSE Mathematics
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Michael Jackson's signature’ moonwalk’ is
the most recognized dance in the world.
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Why is the same side of
the moon always faces
Earth?
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At any position, half
of the Moon is
illuminated by the
Sun (the light side of
the Moon) and half
is not (the dark
side).
The Sun is off in the
distance, lighting the
Earth-Moon system.
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The Sun is off in the
distance, lighting the
Earth-Moon system.
One side or “face” of
the Moon is ever visible
from Earth.
The “far side” of the
Moon is permanently
turned away.
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Also, half of the Moon
is visible to the Earth
(the near side of the
Moon) and half is not
(the far side).
As the Moon moves
around the Earth, we
can see different
fractions of the
illuminated half of the
Moon.
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In other words, it takes the Moon the
same amount of time to rotate around
once as it does for the Moon to go around
the Earth once.
Because of the effect on the Moon of tidal
forces due to the Earth, the same side of
the moon always faces the Earth.
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Therefore, Earth-bound observers can
never see the 'far-side' of the Moon.
Tidal forces cause many of the moons of
our solar system to have this type of
orbit.
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<This image shows the Earth and the
moon, and the bulges produced on
each side from the tides.>
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<This image shows the Earth and the
moon, and the bulges produced on
each side from the tides.>
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<This image shows the Earth and the
moon, and the bulges produced on
each side from the tides.>
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The crescent Moon, Venus, Jupiter and Spica
as seen near Quebec on September 6, 2005.
(Image Credits: Quebec, Jay Ouellet, apod050909; Los
Angeles, Sheri Seligman)
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The crescent Moon, Venus, and Jupiter as
seen near Los Angeles on September 6,
2005
(Image Credits: Quebec, Jay Ouellet, apod050909; Los
Angeles, Sheri Seligman)
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During the half orbit that it is
approaching us, our mutual gravitational
pull accelerates the Moon,
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its angular speed among the stars will appear to decrease by about 12% of its average speed, half of that change being due to its greater distance, and half being due to an actual decrease in speed.
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Since 12% of 13.2 degrees per day is
1.6 degrees per day, the daily motion
of the Moon to the east can vary from
as little as 11.6 degrees per day near
apogee to as much as 14.8 degrees
per day near perigee.
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the apparent
size of the
Moon at
apogee (on
the left).
the apparent
size of the
Moon at
perigee (on
the right).
(The change in size is not so obvious
when the time between the extremes is
two weeks, as it is when images are
placed side by side.)
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the apparent
size of the
Moon at
apogee (on
the left).
the apparent
size of the
Moon at
perigee (on
the right).
When at apogee the Moon will appear to
move less than 12 degrees per day to the
East among the stars, whereas at
perigee it will appear to move nearly 15
degrees per day.
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