GIS and Digital Earth

Technologies

for Disaster Management ---Towards Resilient and Sustainable Society

Dr. Hiromichi FUKUI

International Digital Earth Applied Science Research Center (IDEAS)

Joint Usage/ Research Center by MEXT

The First Pacific Regional Workshop on Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment and

Early Warning Systems by Using Space and GIS Applications

Conference Center, Tanoa International Hotel, Nadi, Fiji, 13 – 15 September 2016

Presentation Outline

• Introduction, Digital Earth

• Lessons from Case Studies

• Digital Asia

• Sentinel Asia

• EWS for GLOF in Himalaya

• UAV Systems

• Digital Earth/GI for Disaster Management development

• Concluding remarks

Where am I from IDEAS

(International Digital Earth Applied Sciences

Research Center) from 2011

Joint Research and Usage Center from 2014

The Geographic Approach, Spatial Thinking

Interdisciplinary approach for Sustainable Science by collaboration

Multi-scale Geospatial Design for Sustainable Development, think globally act locally

Making Livable Communities a Reality

Find solution for real problem and Action without words

4

The Digital Earth Vision

I believe we need a ‘ Digital Earth’, a multi-resolution, three-dimensional representation of the planet, into which we can embed vast quantities of geo-referenced data.

a ‘collaboratory’ for research scientists seeking to understand the complex interaction between humanity and our environment.

a ‘user interface’ -- a browsable, 3-D version of the planet available at various levels of resolution, a rapidly growing universe of networked geospatial information, and the mechanisms for integrating and displaying information from multiple sources.

(Gore,1998)

Pu

bli

c

Tools & Technology

Tools & Technology

Enabling Citizens

and Communities

Enabling Citizens

and Communities

Interoperability Interoperability

Collecting Data Collecting Data

EARTH EARTH

Pri

va

te

Digital Resources Digital Resources

Understanding Digital Earth

(White paper by NASA Digital Earth office, 2000)

Implementing Components of the DE Vision

•Technology

Visualization, high-speed computing, AI, real-time computing,

intelligent systems, search engines, data fusion, dynamic

modeling, 3D rendering, Grid Computing, et cetera

•Standards and Interoperability Protocols

FGDC, NSDI, GSDI, OGC, ISO, etc.

•Networks

ITC, W3C. Geography.net, UNEP.net, etc.

•Content

Clearinghouses, Global Databases, Global Map, etc.

•Applications

Weather, Land Cover, Health, Urban, Transport, et cetera

What Digital Earth is NOT

Fancy

3D

Viewer

Huge

Database

What Digital Earth Is (in part)

Map

Server

Map

Server Service

Repository Data

Server

Web

Viewer

Immersive

3D Viewer Wall-Sized

Museum Viewer

Desktop

GIS

Internet Catalog

Services

Shared Standards

10

Digital Earth (DE) History

International Symposium

1999 Beijing, CHINA

2001 Fredericton, CANADA

2003 Brno, CZECH

2005 Tokyo, JAPAN : DE Japan 2006 International Society for DE

2007 Berkley, USA 2008 International Journal of DE

2009 Beijing, CHINA

2011 Perth, AUSTRALIA

2013 Kuching, MALAYSIA

2015 Halifax, CANADA

Digital Earth Summit

2006 Auckland, NEW ZEALAND

2008 Berlin, GERMANY

2010 Nesebar, BULGARIA

2012 Wellington, NEW ZEALAND

2014 Nagoya, JAPAN

2016 Beijing, CHINA

Lead Actors Key

Drivers

Main Target

Audience

Implementation

mechanism

Spatial Data Inf.

Public sector Inform

policy

Analysts in

public

Sector

Legal

framework (not

always)

Geobrowsers

Private sector Market share +

Advertising

Revenue

Mass

market

Market +

voluntary

GEOSS Public sector Inform

policy

Scientists Voluntary +

political

Volunteered GI Individuals/

groups

Social

networking

Society Voluntary

Key features of recent developments

Craglia et al “Next-Generation Digital Earth”,

International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research, 2008 Vol.3.146-167

Digital Earth as Virtual and Open Globe

Data + services providers (Credibility and Reliability)

Scientists as data, model-providers (peer-reviewed results)

Citizens as sensors, actors and IoT (perception, individual actions) visibility,

communication,

acessibility

collaboration

Virtual and Open Globes

trust

(Open Globe definition :The Vespucci 2020 Vision)

collection of trusted spatial data and services, available

operationally and reliably on a open access policy

(Virtual Globe definition :The Vespucci 2020 Vision)

digital collection of data and services contextualized

within a global (spatial) view of a world

Virtual Collaborative Globe = virtual globe that allows

collaborative participation

12

13

Facilitate Open & Transparent Access to Data & Information

Integrate Spatial Information & Sustainable Development

Visualize Information for Decision Support

14

https://earth.nullschool.net/

“earth” is a personal project to visualize global weather conditions by. Cameron Beccario

15

16

17

18

19 Media Browser

Near Real time Monitoring

Remote Sensing

Data Processing

Digital Asia and Sentinel Asia Project

3D-Geo and Time Browser

Ubiquitous

Computing

Environment Ontological Crawler

Application Services

By Grid Computing

Social

Natural

Measuring the Real State of the World

Decoding the Earth and Human Evolution

Towards Intersubjectivities

Global Trends Data Resources

EO, SDI Spatial Statistics

News, Comments Web log

Digital Asia Research Centre for Strategic Design, Keio University Academic Frontier Project, Matching Fund Subsidy from MEXT(2004-2009)

20

Field Sensor Network

Remote Sensing

UAV

Weather Forecast

Flood

Simulation

EngineeringMachines

FMIS

Logistics

Evacuation

system

Damage Analysis

Emergency operation

Interoperable Information Platform

From vertical to horizontal

Distributed

DB

Distributed

DB Distributed

DB

Distributed

DB Distributed

DB

Appli 1

Field Sensor Network1

Visualization

Sensor

DB

Appli 2

Field Sensor Network2

Visualization

Sensor

DB

Standard / Common / Open API

22

Sentinel Asia （センチネルアジア）

23

Sentinel Asia

APRSAF*

Space Community

Satellite Image

Content

Promotion of Utilization

Capacity Building

Web-GIS Data / Meta Data Management

Information Sharing Platform

Content

Digital Asia

Digital Earth / Web-GIS Community

Digital Map Social / Economic Data Satellite Image

Disaster Reduction

Community

Disaster Information

Content

Utilization (User)

ADRC** Member Countries

UN / ESCAP ASEAN AIT etc.

International Community

International Cooperation

** Asian Disaster

Reduction Center

Joint Project Team (JPT) Join Project Team consists of total 52 organizations

including 45 agencies from １９ countries and 7

international organizations as of January 2007

* Asian Disaster

Reduction Center

* Asian-Pacific Regional

Space Agency Forum

Communication satellites

Earth observation satellites

Positioning satellites

Human network Capacity Building, Outreach

Concept of Sentinel Asia Step3 (2013 onwards)

Just after disaster Post-disaster

Information delivering to personal terminals

Pre-disaster

Monitoring Information/data

transmission

Information sharing (Web-GIS)

Response: Emergency observation

Mitigation: Community education

Preparedness: Hazard map Early warning system

Recovery: Monitoring

Disaster information

25

Sentinel Asia Step2 System

Data Provider Node (DPN)

Data Analysis Node (DAN)

Users

Satellite Data

JPT Member ADRC Member

Satellite Data

Analyzed Products

Analyzed Products

Other Information

Besides Sentinel Asia

Own Data

such as

Map,

Satellite

Data

Analyzed Products

JAXA, ISRO, GISTDA KARI, NARL

AIT, ADRC, ICIMOD LAPAN, MONRE, CRISP CEA, CAIAG, NCSRT Sri Lanka MoDM, SD BPPT, MO, etc.

Information using Web-GIS

Data/Information Sharing in Sentinel Asia

http://sentinel.tksc.jaxa.jp/

Public

EO Request

Wildfire WG -To contribute to the Asia-Pacific region with wildfire management -To contribution to REDD-plus -JST-JICA(*) project for wildfire and carbon management in a peatland in Kalimantan, Indonesia

Flood WG

-To contribute to the mitigation of flood disasters in Asia -Flood analysis using IFAS

GLOF WG (Glacial Lake Outburst Flood)

-Monitor and establish early warning system in the risk areas -Local awareness and knowledge transfer through capacity building

Tsunami WG

-Tsunami early warning system

26

(*)JST: Japan Science and Technology Agency JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency

Working Group Activities for Disaster Risk Reduction

Henri Poincare “We do not study nature because it is useful; we study it because we delight in it, and we delight in it because it is beautiful.”

“If nature were not beautiful, it would not be worth knowing, and if were not worth knowing, life would not be worth living”

Case Study on Imja Glacial Lake in Himalayan Range ( SRTM + ALOS )

© Pradeep Mool, ICIMOD

January 2015 2003 2008 2012 1995 1988

Landsat Image Date: January 2015

Resolution: 30 meters Source: Overlay footprint over World Map

View in Next ESA SAR Toolbox (NEST Version 5) Source: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

1993 1994 2000 2005

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1989

May

TerraSAR-X on Jan. 2008

ＡＬＯＳ

Networking of field sensor and transmission station in Mt. Everest region for the real time monitoring of Lake

Imja Tsho

Pangboche

Dingboche

Namche

bazaar

Chhukung Ri

Tengboche

Imja lake

Khumbu Glacier

Everest

25 Km

Real Time Sensing – Image, …

5/9 5/10 5/11 5/12

Solar energy-based systems to serve

as Early Warning System by Wireless Sensor Network

５

Wireless Base

Station

-Providing Internet as Social Infrastructure: Improve

Digital Divide

-Providing wireless sensor network for environmental

monitoring

-Providing early warning systems for Multi-Hazards, such

as GLOF

School

Residents

Hospital

Solar Power

Internet

Wireless Coverage site In Off-Grid Area

Environmental

Monitoring

Capacity Building

Local NGO, University,….

Climate Smart Village

EWS in the Himalayas for dealing with

flash floods and landslides

A Multi-hazard Early Warning System for Climate Risk Management

Schematic flood / landslide monitoring and prediction system, Sensor Cloud Services

Robust, Continues, Sustainable Sensing and Communication

Schematic District Emergency Operation and Control

Communities could be entrusted with the EWS, and they would be able to monitor it on a regular basis

Public Awareness and Capacity building,…

Response Phase

Recovery Phase

Disaster Strike

Mitigation/Preparedness

Phase

Main Activities

・Capacity Building

・Success Story

・Pre-disaster Monitoring (＊)

・Working Group

・Emergency Observation

・Data Analysis

・Emergency Operation Sys.(*)

・Recovery Support (＊)

(＊) under discussion

http://www.shin-godzilla.jp

Sentinel Asia Centre （24-hour operation）

AHA Centre (24-hour operation）

Damaged Area/district

UN and International Humanitarian

（WFP、OCHA, country)

Disaster response organization of damaged

Country (24 hours）

Disaster response activity information

Sentinel Asia Cloud Server System

DPN

P-DAN

DAN

DAN

DPN

DAN

DPN

Humanitarian Support

Sentinel Asia Step3 System Update

Steering Committee (SC)

Secretariat

WG WG WG

Disaster geographic information

WG WG

Legend: Management

GIS Operation

Humanitarian Support

ADRC UoT

Academy Researcher

NSDI

This is still Under Discussion

Concept for Sentinel Asia Centre

24 hours operation

EOR registration and communication between initiator during emergency operation

Observation request to DPN

DANs assignment for emergency analysis and communication between DANs for effective analysis to contribute to disaster response activity

Communication between AHA Centre for International humanitarian support

Emergency analysis support

45

ex. Global Warming ex. Resilient City

1. Collection and Storege of Information

and DataOntology, Clearing House, Meta Data Spatial

Information Global Discrete Grid VGI

Volunteered Geographic Information Open Data

Policy

2. Processing, Integration, Circulation of

Information and DataVisualization of Uncertainty, Inter-operability,

Assimilation of Spatio-temporal Information, Geo-

browser, Sensor Web Big Data Analysis

3. Dicision SupportVisualization of Multi-dimension and Multi-

resolution Information, Societal Implementation of

Risk Communication, Data Journalism

Phase I: Integration of Developments

Developments of

Digital Earth

Large Scale Small Scale

Phase II: to the Emerging Complex Systemic Programs

Science

Communication

System

Adoptation to

the Global Warming

Consensus Decision Making

about Atomic andRenewable Energy

Integration and

Visualization of

Realtime Sensing Data

Resilient and

Sustainable City

Vulnerability

Estimation

and Index Definition

46

ex. Global Warming ex. Resilient City

1. Collection and Storege of Information

and DataOntology, Clearing House, Meta Data Spatial

Information Global Discrete Grid VGI

Volunteered Geographic Information Open Data

Policy

2. Processing, Integration, Circulation of

Information and DataVisualization of Uncertainty, Inter-operability,

Assimilation of Spatio-temporal Information, Geo-

browser, Sensor Web Big Data Analysis

3. Dicision SupportVisualization of Multi-dimension and Multi-

resolution Information, Societal Implementation of

Risk Communication, Data Journalism

Phase I: Integration of Developments

Developments of

Digital Earth

Large Scale Small Scale

Phase II: to the Emerging Complex Systemic Programs

Science

Communication

System

Adoptation to

the Global Warming

Consensus Decision Making

about Atomic andRenewable Energy

Integration and

Visualization of

Realtime Sensing Data

Resilient and

Sustainable City

Vulnerability

Estimation

and Index Definition

49 Center of Excellence for integration and reorganization of knowledge using Digital Earth

Real time Simulation

Visualizing Uncertainty

Social

Geographic Engineering

Environment

Integration of Data (Knowledge)

Company

Local Government

Citizens, NGOs

City plan Hazard map etc

Evacuation Circumstance Individual information

Real-time Monitoring

Sensor・Special vehicle・UAV・Survey

Multi-monitor Conference room (Decision making team)

Smart grid Ubiquitous Sensor Infrastructure spatial data

University, Lab

Sensor data Sim data etc

Birds-eye-view Platform (Digital Earth)

（Citizens）

Instant understanding of circumstance Decision making, planning Offering information Statement/Discussion

Understanding Offering information Statement/Discussion

Cyber Conference room

Feedback

（Surveyor）

Specialist advice Explaining evidence Statement/Discussion

Technical info Supportive tech Hearing of needs

Internet

（Administrator）

Supplying the communication platform for various players

Supporting the decision making

International Rescue Base for Human Security

[Sensor city demonstration test] (Academic-Industrial alliance)

Feed

back

Hazard information Statement/Discussion

Devastation Data, etc

（Surveyor, Administrator）

Supporting the decision making

Evidence based Deliberation, gaming for Disaster/Risk Reduction

Extreme Whether Event and SNS as Citizen Sensor

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2015/08/03

件数(件) 降水量(mm)

Number precipitation

2015/8/3 17:28

春日井 雹降ってる。 かなりデカイからボディボコボコいってる。('ω') Oh, it’s hailstorm in Kasugai, made big noise in my roof.

http://www.syobo.city.kasugai.aichi.jp/syobo/real/cgi/jihou.cgi

GIS car for emergency

UAV

Digital Earth Room

To Support Evidence based Deliberation

Digital Earth

Cloud Services

UAVs Application

Payload capability

Flying time 15minutes 1hour 4hours

20kg 3kg 500g

1.Fully autonomous: Our UAV Drone flies by itself, from take-off to landing

6. Accurate & efficient: eBee collects aerial photography of areas up to 10sq.km in a single flight

4. Electric powered: Low noise level, no pollution

3. Optimized

aerodynamic profile: Maximum flight stability and endurance

Specifications Very light UAS (500 to 630 grams)

Fully automatic flights (with eMotion2)

No launch system (launched by hand)

Easy processing of acquired data (with Postflight Terra)

User-friendly, easy to carry

55cm 25cm

45cm

2. Automatic safety & emergency procedures: Includes wing detection, complete sensor health monitoring and intelligent failsafe behaviours such as ground avoidance and return to home

eBee Post Flight

Pix4D

02 CONDUCT YOUR MISSION 01 CHOOSE YOUR UAV Drone 03 CREATE MAPS AND MODELS

eBee

Approx. 0.69 kg

96 cm (38in) EPP foam, carbon structure & Composite parts Electric pusher propeller, 160w brushless DC motor 11.1v 2150 mAh 16MP (XUS/ELPH) S110 RGB,therma Map 55x45X25cm

50 minutes 40-90km/h Upto 3km 12 sq.km (at 972 m AGL)

Up to 45km/h Down to 1.5cm per pixel 1-3x GSD Down to 3 cm 1-5 m Yes (inc mid-air collision avoidance) Yes

Approx.5 m

Weight (inc.Supplied Camera) Wingspan

Material

Propulsion Battery

Camera (supplied) Cameras (optional)

Carry Case Dimensions

Maximum flight time Normal cruise speed

Radio link range Maximum coverage(single flight)

Wind Resistance Ground Sampling Distance (GSD)

Relative Orthomosaic/3D Model Accuracy Absolute horizontal/vertical Accuracy (withGCPs) Absolute horizontal/vertical accuracy (no GCPs)

Multi UAV Drone operation Automatic 3D flight planning

Linear landing accuracy

HARDWARE

OPERATION

Technical Specification

• 2.4 GHz USB radio modem

for data link (includes USB

cable)

• Remote control & its

accessories for safety

pilots (if legally required)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Sensor

eBee, Sensefly

Project ID:MANALI -01

Flight Altitude:230

Flight Lines:11

Total Photos: 88 photos

GSD: 13.95 cm

Area : 0.5932 km2 or

59.3217 ha

UAV Photo points

Project ID:MANALI -02

Flight Altitude:200 m

Flight Lines:7

Total Photos: 62 photos

GSD: 10.57 cm

Area :0.8216 km2/ 82.158 ha

2540m

2619m

Flying ebee in Indian Himalaya

5m Elevation Contour On ortho image

3D View

3D View

Research site in Maldives

Adaptation for Climate Change

61

62

63

型式/Model Terra-07

タイプ/Type Fixed Wing

重量/Weight 20kg

翼長/WingSpan 4m

全長/Full Length 3m

積載量/Peyload Capability

20kg

航続時間/Endurance 5hour-10hour

航続距離/Range 500km-1000km

航続速度/CruiseSpeed

40km/h-120km/h

推進装置/Propulsion Engine

http://terra-labo.jp/

Development the Long range UAV and System

64

65 Plan for UAV Test and Training Center for Disaster Management

管制圏

設置予定区域 大和村

Towards International Rescue Base

GIS Center

Disaster Medical

Care Center

Disaster

Equipment Center

Risk

Communication C.

Risk

Consultant Center

Cooperation

Collaboration C.

Thunderbird Rescue team ?

http://laird.fluid.energy.osakafu-u.ac.jp/Mworld/thunderbird/models-tb.html

Shift to more Operational MODE！

Summary and Next Step

The importance of DE, GIs and spatial planning is being recognized worldwide.

GI, with its ability to integrate various levels of data from many fields is acting as a bridge between various professional disciplines and citizens.

The Asia Pacific Region has a large and skilled pool of professional related GI. This region is geared to be the next destination for knowledge economy and Geo-enabling Society.

As for as Disaster Management,there is an urgent need of the shift to Operational Phase and Emergency Operation System based on SDI and Education, Capacity Building.

Digital Earth for Future Earth,

SDGs, ..

Call collaboration!