early modern times the first global age 1450 -1750
TRANSCRIPT
Early Modern Times
The First Global Age
1450 -1750
Major themes overview
• Growing International Trade, Contact & Movement of People and Goods– Transatlantic Network, Colombian Exchange– Emergence of new Labor systems – Mercantilism, Capitalism and the Commercial
Revolution• Technological Developments
– Printing press, Gunpowder & Military technology, Navigation, Agricultural Revolution
• Balance of Power shifts Westward to Europe– Land-Based Eastern powers based on traditional
forms of government– European Hegemony: Sea-Based Western
European powers
RenaissanceHumanism and the power of man…• Appreciation of Classical literature, sculpture,
philosophy, government• Role of Italian city states: urban centers of trade
& patronage (Medici Family)• The artisan becomes the artist!
– Michelangelo– Raphael
• Civic responsibility – Machiavelli: The Prince• Return to the original teachings of the church
– Petrarch, In Praise of Folly– Thomas More, Utopia
Reformation
Failure of the Catholic Church to adapt to the political and social changes of the new age…
Sale of Indulgences, Worldliness, Corruption…• Martin Luther, 95 Theses -Lutheran• John Calvin in Geneva – Presbyterian
– Challenge Church Hierarchy – Pope, monastic orders– Is as much a political, as a spiritual debate
• Henry VIII: The Anglican Church– Act of Supremacy
Church Response: Catholic or Counter Reformation
Political ConsolidationConstitutionalism
Britain as a model…Rule of Law, and shared
powerMagna CartaParliament
Recognition of some individual rightsGlorious Revolution English Bill of Rights
Other areas…the Netherlands
AbsolutismFrance as a model…Rule by Divine Right of
KingLouis XIV – the sun king
No guaranteed rights or privileges to the commonersStill very feudalUnfair taxation
Other areas…Russia (Peter the Great)Austria (Hapsburgs)
European Hegemony & the Age of Exploration
• Columbus: sustained contact with the Americas– Columbian Exchange– Spanish Colonization
• Americas, Philippines
– Portuguese Contacts• Cape of Good Hope, Indian Ocean, Spice Islands
– English, Dutch & French
The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange”
The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet
Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple
Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley
Grape Peach SUGAR CANE
Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE
Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox
Flu Typhus Measles Malaria
Diptheria Whooping Cough
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Impact: Social & Economic
• Mercantilism– Goal: Gold and silver (Bullion)– self sufficient, productive nation– Favorable balance of trade, colonies
• Commercial Revolution– Joint stock companies, merchants– banking, inflation
• Population Growth– New foods, rising standard of living– rise of the middle class, Elite culture
• Labor systems– African Slavery– Encomienda System – Indentured Servitude
New Technologies & Intellectual understanding
• Gutenberg’s Printing Press– Literacy, spread of information
• Navigation Technologies– Astrolabe, caravel, Henry the Navigator
• Scientific Revolution– Galileo- heliocentric model– Newton
• Enlightenment– Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau: The Social
Contract
Outside Europe…
Rise of the West or Decline of the older zones of civilization?
Gun Powder Empires
Muslim Empires• Mughal – India
– Subcontinent unification, Akbar the Great, religious toleration
• Safavid – Persian – Shi’ia, Isfahan, Abbas the Great
• Ottoman – Turks– 1453 conquer Constantinople, millet
communities, janissaries
Gun Powder Empires
Asia• Ming – China
– Zheng He, exploration, Junk ships, 1433 isolation
• Feudal Japan– Tokugawa Shogunate– Samurai – Cultural development– isolation
• Russia – Romanovs– Peter the Great – westernization,
modernization
Visit the following links to practice multiple choice questions on the period 1450-1750…
RenaissanceReformationExploration
Scientific RevolutionAbsolutism
Enlightenment