Early Civilizations

Economy• Farming, iron & gold

Culture• Music & dance important • History passed down through storytelling

Society• Village community: center of life• Men and women had very different jobs

in the community • Slavery practiced

1890 1914

“Scramble for Africa” 1881-1914

Source For RawMaterials

Markets forFinishedGoods

EuropeanNationalism

MissionaryActivity

Military& NavalBases

Why did Europeans want to

Colonize Africa?God, Glory & Gold

Places toDumpUnwanted/Excess Population

Social & EconomicOpportunities

HumanitarianReasons“White

Man’sBurden”

SocialDarwinism

EuropeanRacism

IndustrialRevolution

Berlin Conference 1884

Europeans met in and drew in boundary lines creating new countries. Not a single African was asked for their input.

boundaries combined people of different ethnic groups, religions, culture.

Caused more than 100 years of fighting that continues today.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PvpDuNIBTKc

1890 1914

Africa Culture Regions Today…

Does it match current country borders?

1948-1994: Apartheid (legal segregation) enforced by the white/British (Afrikaner) gov’t in South Africa

Apartheid in South Africa

Nelson Mandela was jailed for 27 years in his fight against apartheid…

He lived to vote in the first racially democratic election….1994

And become president of South Africa…

South African President Nelson Mandela, center, flanked by his two deputy presidents, Thabo Mbeki, left and F.W. de Klerk, right,

celebrate the new constitution, May 8, 1996.

South Africa Post(after)Apartheid

Apartheid has ended but racism still exists. Whites still wealthier & enjoy a standard of living

similar to that of the most developed countries. Unemployment, AIDS, lack of housing, poverty and

crime are the major problems today.

Rwanda Hutu-Tutsi Genocide

Belgian colonists favored Tutsi tribe. Divided into tribes based on looks.

Tutsi believed to be of European descent (lighter skin, taller, larger skulls)

Tutsi given better jobs, Hutu treated poorly April 1994 - July 1994 the Hutu started killing

Tutsi Hutu goal: Kill off ALL of the Tutsi (genocide) –

the world watched and did nothing to stop the Hutu

100 days – Over 1 million people dead/ 20% of the country’s population (men, women, children)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pl-9YfTNK_o