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Early Civilizations
Economy• Farming, iron & gold
Culture• Music & dance important • History passed down through storytelling
Society• Village community: center of life• Men and women had very different jobs
in the community • Slavery practiced
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1890 1914
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“Scramble for Africa” 1881-1914
Source For RawMaterials
Markets forFinishedGoods
EuropeanNationalism
MissionaryActivity
Military& NavalBases
Why did Europeans want to
Colonize Africa?God, Glory & Gold
Places toDumpUnwanted/Excess Population
Social & EconomicOpportunities
HumanitarianReasons“White
Man’sBurden”
SocialDarwinism
EuropeanRacism
IndustrialRevolution
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Berlin Conference 1884
Europeans met in and drew in boundary lines creating new countries. Not a single African was asked for their input.
boundaries combined people of different ethnic groups, religions, culture.
Caused more than 100 years of fighting that continues today.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PvpDuNIBTKc
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1890 1914
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Africa Culture Regions Today…
Does it match current country borders?
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1948-1994: Apartheid (legal segregation) enforced by the white/British (Afrikaner) gov’t in South Africa
Apartheid in South Africa
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Nelson Mandela was jailed for 27 years in his fight against apartheid…
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He lived to vote in the first racially democratic election….1994
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And become president of South Africa…
South African President Nelson Mandela, center, flanked by his two deputy presidents, Thabo Mbeki, left and F.W. de Klerk, right,
celebrate the new constitution, May 8, 1996.
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South Africa Post(after)Apartheid
Apartheid has ended but racism still exists. Whites still wealthier & enjoy a standard of living
similar to that of the most developed countries. Unemployment, AIDS, lack of housing, poverty and
crime are the major problems today.
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Rwanda Hutu-Tutsi Genocide
Belgian colonists favored Tutsi tribe. Divided into tribes based on looks.
Tutsi believed to be of European descent (lighter skin, taller, larger skulls)
Tutsi given better jobs, Hutu treated poorly April 1994 - July 1994 the Hutu started killing
Tutsi Hutu goal: Kill off ALL of the Tutsi (genocide) –
the world watched and did nothing to stop the Hutu
100 days – Over 1 million people dead/ 20% of the country’s population (men, women, children)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pl-9YfTNK_o