early americans
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Early Americans. Why was Mesoamerica’s geography ideal for farming?. Rich volcanic soil Mild climate Seasonal rains. How did the first Americans develop corn?. Cross bred with other grasses Bigger cobs More cobs/plant. Southwest. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Early Americans
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Why was Mesoamerica’s geography ideal for farming? Rich volcanic soil Mild climate Seasonal rains
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How did the first Americans develop corn? Cross bred with other grasses Bigger cobs More cobs/plant
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Southwest Hohokam- planted gardens between Salt
and Gila rivers, dug more than 500 miles of canals to carry water, pottery
Anasazi- lived in canyons and cliffs in New Mexico, controlled turquoise (used like money)
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East Mississippi River Valley Mound builders- Adena & Hopwell settled areas
from Great lakes to Gulf Coast built large mounds to honor dead
Primarily hunters and gatherers Misisipians replaced Hopwells, lived from Ohio
to Gulf Coast Farmed corn squash and beans As many as 30,000 people Built earthen mounds that covered up to 16
acres and 100’ high
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How did geography shape the development of Anasazi tribe? Lived in hot dry regions of SW U.S. Lived in apartment style homes carved
into cliffs Collected rainwater that ran off cliffs
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How did Pachacuti maintain his empire? Set up strong central government Allowed local leaders to stay in control Required people to speak the Incan
language, Quechua Built roadways that covered over 25,000
miles
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People of Far North Inuit Seal, walrus, whale, caribou, and polar
bear
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How and why did the Mayan study geography? By observing the skies Believe gods revealed their plans in the
heavens Helped them plan when to plant crops Created calendar to help predict
movements Helped schedule religious festivals,
plantings, and harvests
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How did the Aztec find and build their capital city? According to legend, found after they
sacrificed a local princess Princess’s father swore revenge and
Aztecs fled Reached Lake Texcoco Saw a good omen and decided top
settle in area…. Eagle on perch of cactus tree, torn snake apart and screamed
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Inca job requirement? Made everyone accountable for a task
to ensure …12 job categories Even young children Good or bad? Instill good work ethic
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Mayan Lived in Central America in present day
Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and Belize
Settled in a swampy area with sinkholes and underground rivers
Very organized gov’t Set up city-states ruled separately and had
own army Leadership passed from one King to the next
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Mayan Rulers claimed to be descended from
the sun. (Egypt) Human sacrifice to keep gods happy…
often conquered people God’s controlled al areas of life (Egypt &
Greece) Aliance through marriage in other city
states
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Mayan Science Priests were revered for their knowledge
of movements of heavenly bodies 365 day calendar to plan plantings and
harvests
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Mayan writing Developed written language Counting based on 20 System of hieroglyphics- symbols
represented sounds words or ideas
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Aztec Warlike nomads arrived in Mexico in 1250 believed in feathered serpent Quetzalcoatl…
saw owen eagle eating serpent City of Tenochtitlan- lace of the prickly pear
cactus Dreamed of conquest and wealth Extortion of conquered people through
tribute
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Aztec Kings claimed they were descendants of
gods Council of warriors, priests, and nobles
picked kings from the royal family Wanted warrior kings
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Aztec King, nobles, commoners, unskilled
laborers, slaves Commoners formed largest group…
farmers, artisans, and traders Could join noble class for bravery in war boys taught glories of war (Sparta) Girls were taught their place is in the
home
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Pachuti- The Incas EARTHSHAKER Built largest empire around 1438…
stretched 2500 miles Strong central gov’t Local leaders maintained control People required to speak Quechua Road system that stretched 25,000
miles
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Inca Rarely honored gods with human
sacrifice Only in times of trouble…preferred
children Built large stone buildings… Machu
Picchu Did not use mortar so building could
shift with earthquakes and tremors
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People of Far North Arrived around 3,000 BCE after ice age
by boat Inuits- lived in igloos Hunters- seals, walruses, caribou, and
polar bear Used blubber from seals and whale to
power lamp…also calorie dense
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West Coast Tlingit, Haida, and Chinook Used car to build homes and canoes Otters, seals, whales, and salmon Heavily populate because of abundance
of food
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Southwest Hopi, Acoma, Pueblo, and Zuni knew
how to farm the dryland…dug irrigation canals
Made homes, called adobes, from brick Later groups include the Apache and
Navajo after 1500
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Eastern Woodlands Farming, hunting, and fishing Mild climate and long growing season Tribes like the Natchez and Cherokee set
up set up strict social classes and law codes
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Iroquois League Confederation of Onondaga, Seneca,
Mohawk, Onenida, Cayuga End fighting Created law code called the Great Peace Women selected members of council Alliance against non members