EARLY NATIVE AMERICANS

Chapter 1 Section 3

HOHOKAM

• Lived in the desert of present-day Arizona

• From 300 A.D. to 1300 A.D.

• Built irrigation channels to bring water from Gila and Salt Rivers

• Left behind pottery, carved stone, and shells

ANASAZI

• Lived in area known as the Four Corners• Where Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New

Mexico meet• From 1 A.D. to 1300 A.D.• Built stone and cliff dwellings• Looked like apartment buildings• Pueblo Bonito and Mesa Verde • Anasazi moved to smaller communities in

1300 A.D. (possibly because of droughts)

• Interior of

Mesa Verde

• Cliff dwellings

MOUND BUILDERS

• Lived in central North America – present-day Pennsylvania to the Mississippi River valley

• Built mounds of earth that looked like Aztec stone pyramids

ADENA

• Hunters and gatherers

• Among the earliest Mound Builders living in the Ohio Valley around 800 B.C.

HOPEWELL

• Farmers and traders

• Built large burial mounds shaped like birds, bears, and snakes

• Left behind pearls, shells, cloth, and copper in their mounds

• Showed their variety of trade

CAHOKIA

• Built the largest settlement in present-day Illinois

• City may have had 16,000 people

• Monks Mound – highest mound – nearly 100 feet high

• Probably the highest structure north of Mexico

Other Native Americans by Region

• North

• West

• Southwest

• Plains

• East

• Southeast

NORTH

• Inuit

• Lived in cold Arctic region

• May have been last to migrate to North America

• Built igloos

• Wore furs and sealskins

• Hunters and fishers

WEST• Tlingit, Haida, Chinook, Nez Perce,

Yakima, Pomo, Ute, and Shoshone

• Used resources of the forest and sea as they hunted and gathered

• Ute and Shoshone created temporary shelters as they traveled in search of food

HAIDA

TLINGIT

SOUTHWEST

• The Hopi, the Acoma, and the Zuni

• Homes were made of adobe bricks

• Raised maize, beans, and squash

• The Navajo and the Apache settled in the region in the 1500s

• Hunters and gatherers, unlike the others

• Built square homes called hogans

PLAINS• Nomads

• Hunted and farmed and built tents called tepees

• Moved from place to place

• Learned to tame wild horses and used them to hunt and fight

EAST• The Iroquois and the Cherokee

• Formed complex political systems of governing

• The Iroquois formed five groups: Onondaga, Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga

• Fought against each other until the late 1500s when they formed THE IROQUOIS LEAGUE or IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY

SOUTHEAST

• The Creek, the Chickasaw, and the Cherokee

• Farmed and adapted to the warmer woodlands climate of the south

THINK

• Why do you think the different Native American groups developed a wide variety fo cultures?