EARLY EARLY AMERICAN AMERICAN

PRESIDENTSPRESIDENTS

George Washington

• 1789-1797

• No Political Party

• VP – John Adams

George Washington

• Was not a Politician

• Relied on His Cabinet for Help

Alexander Hamilton

• Secretary of Treasury– Raised taxes to

cover debt from Revolutionary War

– Created 1st National Bank to hold all tax money

Alexander Hamilton

• Secretary of Treasury–The bank upset

those who feared a strong national gov’t (Anti-Federalists)

Jay’s Treaty

• Allowed Great Britain to keep some military forts in US in NW territories

• First time Americans became upset with George Washington

Political PartiesBegan to emerge during Washington’s Presidency

John Adams

• 1797 – 1801

• Federalist

• VP – Thomas Jefferson

John Adams

• XYZ Affair–America

refused to bribe French officials to stop piracy of US Ships

John Adams

• Alien &Sedition Act– illegal to criticize

gov’t officials w/o proof

– Upset Dem-Rep cause violated First Amendment

Thomas Jefferson

• 1801-1809• Democratic–

Republican• Aaron Burr,

George Clinton

Thomas Jefferson

• Election of 1800– First Peaceful

Transfer of Power

• TJ’s Goal– Reduce the role

and size of federal government

Thomas Jefferson

• Embargo Act–Eliminated

trade with foreign countries in Europe due to piracy

Supreme Court

• Under Jefferson, Supreme Court sought to establish its power in the new gov’t

Thomas Jefferson

• Marbury vs. Madison–Established

Judicial Review for all court cases in US

Supreme Court

• Chief Justice John Marshall

• Marbury vs Madison gave court judicial review

Supreme Court

• McCullough vs Maryland prohibited states from taxing agencies of the federal gov’t

James Madison

• 1809-1817

• Democratic-Republican

• Eldridge Gary

War of 1812

• 1812-1814

• Fought between US and Great Britain over freedom of the Sea and Native American Conflicts

War of 1812

•Extremely unpopular war on both sides

Treaty of Ghent

• Officially ended War

• Neutral victory

• America gained Oregon Territory

• Americans began to move into FL (Spanish Territory)

James Monroe

• 1817 – 1825

• National Republican

• VP - Daniel Tompkins

James Monroe

• Wanted Europe to stay out of US Affairs

• Created a rise in Nationalism in America

James Monroe

• Adams-Onis Treaty–US acquired

the Florida Territory from Spain

Monroe Doctrine

• Created to keep Europe out of the affairs of America

• It had four major provisions (essential Knowledge)

MONROE DOCTRINE• The American continents should not

be considered for future colonization by any European powers.

• Nations in the Western Hemisphere were inherently different from those of Europe, republics by nature rather than monarchies.

MONROE DOCTRINE

• The United States would regard as a threat to its own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any independent state in the Western Hemisphere.

• The United States would not interfere in European affairs.