e-commerce e commerce is one of the most important facets of the internet to have emerged in the...
TRANSCRIPT
E-COMMERCE
E Commerce is one of the most important facets of the Internet to have emerged in the recent times. Ecommerce involves carrying out business over the Internet with the assistance of computers, which are linked to each other forming a network.
E-commerce consists of the buying, selling, marketing, and servicing of products or services through digital communication.
BENEFITS OF E-COMMERCE
Ecommerce allows people to carry out businesses without the barriers of time or distance. One can log on to the Internet at any point of time, be it day or night and purchase or sell anything one desires at a single click of the mouse.
There is no human interaction during the on-line electronic purchase order process. Also, electronic selling virtually eliminates processing errors, as well as being faster and more convenient for the visitor.
From the buyer’s perspective also ecommerce offers a lot of tangible advantages.
1. Reduction in buyer’s sorting out time. 2. Better buyer descisions 3. Less time is spent in resolving invoice and order discrepancies. 4. Increased opportunities for buying alternative products.
BENEFITS OF E-COMMERCE (Cont…)
The strategic benefit of making a business ‘ecommerce enabled’, is that it helps reduce the delivery time, labour cost
Another important benefit of Ecommerce is that it is the cheapest means
of doing business.
Consumers are increasingly searching for information on the internet prior
to making a purchase. Make your business available to them.
The overhead cost of an E-commerce web site is generally much less than the cost of maintaining a physical storefront;
• You have the ability to reach customers all over the world rather than
being limited to a certain geographical location
Limitations of E-Commerce
There is lack of system security, reliability.
some protocols are not standardized around the world
There is insufficient telecommunication bandwidth.
The software development tools are still evolving and changing rapidly.
Customers do not trust an unknown faceless seller.
Lack of touch and feel online
CATEGORIES OF E-COMMERCE
Business-to-Business E-Commerce (B2B)
Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce (B2C)
Consumer-to-Consumer E-Commerce (C2C)
Consumer-to-Business E-Commerce (C2B)
Business to Business E-Commerce
In B2B customers are other businesses
B2B concerns itself primarily with supply chain management.
A B2B site deals primarily with other businesses, not the general
public
B2B sites normally handle a lot more than just sales of products
B2B systems automate internal or external business processes
• Procurement• Order processing• JIT Manufacturing• JIT Distribution• Customer Support
Supply Chain
Farmers Markets Retaiilers Consumers
Farmers Wholesalers Supermarkets Consumers
Farmers Manufacturers Wholesalers Supermarkets
Consumers
Farmers Consumers
Consider an industry such as food production
1
2
3
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An example of how a Supply Chain Integration may work, case study let’s use an order of a new PC as a case study. the process has the following steps:
A customer submits an order for a new computer system through a dealer’s Web site.
The dealer receives the order. Receipt of the order automatically generates a query to the manufacturer of the computers (case, microprocessor, memory, monitor, CPU, and so on) that make up the system.
Receipt of the query by the computer manufacturer automatically initiates a query to the parts inventory database of the computer manufacturer. The query results show that the computer manufacturer does not have the microprocessor in stock needed to fulfill the order. The computer manufacturer’s inventory system contacts the microprocessor supplier and places an order for the necessary parts.
The microprocessor supplier’s system informs the computer manufacturer of the earliest possible date for delivery of the microprocessor and places the order for the chip.
Using this date as input, the computer manufacturer calculates the date by which it could have the computers built, based on the schedule of available capacity on its manufacturing floor. Then generates a query to the shipper’s computer.
The shipper’s system checks its own transport capacity and determines that it will be able to schedule and provide delivery of the computer.
The computer manufacturer then confirms the order with the dealer’s system.
Finally, the dealer sends confirmation to the consumer.
Corporate Procurement
Requisitioner
Supplier
Shipper
Accounts Payable
Approval Process
Shipping Information
In this scenario, typically users fill out requisitions using an interface like a browser to use self-service Web applications to place orders for goods. These orders can then be electronically routed to approving managers. Company officials are able to enforce purchase approval policies through automated business rules. Once purchase orders are approved, they are routed electronically to the business partners (typically suppliers) and committed for fulfillment. Products ordered subsequently will be logged to accounts payable applications and delivered to the requistioner in accordance with the terms in place between the buyer’s organization and the supplier. This process is illustrated in the diagram below:
Business to Consumer E-Commerce
Business-to-consumer (B-to-C) electronic commerce is online retailing or e-tailing.
A B2C site sells directly to the end user.
B2C websites are intermediary portals to link customers to suppliers.
Some of the major ones are
1. www.ebay.com an auction site.
2. www.Yell.com an internet version of yellow pages 3. www.zdnet.com a technology market place.
Consumer to Consumer E-Commerce
Consumer sells directly to consumers
Individual sellings in classified adds (www.classified 2000.com)
Selling residential property, cars and so on.
Advertising personal Services on the internet and selling
knowledge and expertise
Consumer to Business E-Commerce
This category includes individuals who sell
Products or services to organizations.
Electronic Credit Card System on the Internet
The Players
Cardholder
Merchant (seller)
Issuer Bank
Acquirer Bank
The process of using credit cards
A cardholder requests the issuance of a card brand (like Visa and MasterCard) to an issuer bank in which the cardholder may have an account.
The authorization of card issuance by the issuer bank, or its designated brand company, may require customer’s physical visit to an office.
A plastic card is physically delivered to the customer’s address by mail. The card can be in effect as the
cardholder calls the bank for initiation and signs on the back of the card.The cardholder shows the card to a
merchant to pay a requested amount. Then the merchant asks for approval from the brand company. Upon the approval, the merchant
requests payment to the merchant’s acquirer bank, and pays fee for the service. This process is called a “capturing process”
The acquirer bank requests the issuer bank to pay for the credit amount.
Electronic Credit Card System on the Internet (cont….)
Cardholder Merchantcredit card
Card Brand Company
Payment authorization, payment data
Issuer Bank
CardholderAccount
Acquirer Bank
MerchantAccount
account debit data payment data
Credit Card Procedure (offline and online)
payment data
amount transfer
E-tailing
E-tailing refers to retailing over the internet. Thus an e-tailer is a B2C business that executes a transaction with the final consumer.
"Card Not Present" Merchant Account :
An account that allows merchants to process credit cards without a face to face transaction with the purchaser.
Banner :An interactive ad placed on a webpage that is linked to an external advertiser's website or another internal page within the same website.
Merchant Account :A "bank account" established with a payment processor for the settlement of credit card transactions. Any merchant who wants to take credit card orders must establish a merchant account. Internet merchants need a "Card Not Present Merchant Account.
• Consumer Types– Individual consumers: get much of the media attention
– Organizational buyers: do most of the shopping in cyberspace
• Purchasing Types– Impulsive buyers: purchase products quickly
– Patient buyers: purchase products after making some comparisons
– Analytical buyers: do substantial research before making the decision to purchase products or services
• Purchasing Experiences– Utilitarian: shopping “to achieve a goal” or “complete a task”
– Hedonic: shopping because “it is fun and I love it”
A Model of EC Consumer Behavior
Consumer Purchasing Decision-Making
Roles that people play in the decision making process
– Initiator : the person who first suggests or thinks of the idea of buying a particular product or service
– Influencer : a person whose advice or views carry some weight in making a final buying decision
– Decider : the person who ultimately makes a buying decision or any part of it - whether to buy, what to buy, how to buy, or where to buy
– Buyer : the person who makes an actual purchase
– User : the person who consumes or uses a product or service