EATING DISORDERS9.NPA.3.2 & 9.NPA3.3

OBJ: I WILL EXAMINE THE SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF EATING DISORDERS AND IDENTIFY HELP-SEEKING RESOURCES

WHO IS MOST LIKELY TO GET AN EATING DISORDER?

Females are much more likely than males to develop an eating disorder.

5-15% of people with anorexia or bulimia are male

35% of people with binge-eating disorder are male

EATING DISORDERS AND HEALTH

People who suffer from eating disorders also risk serious -- and sometimes fatal) -- health complications

Heart Conditions Kidney Failure

THE TWO MAIN TYPES OF EATING DISORDERS

Anorexia Nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa

ANOREXIA NERVOSA

Characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss.

View one’s self as overweight, even when dangerously thin

Eating becomes an obsession

Highest mortality rate – suicide and complications including cardiac arrest and electrolyte imbalances

ANOREXIA NERVOSA

Unusual or particular weight control habits that may develop: Avoiding food Avoiding meals Picking out a few foods and eating only these

foods in small quantities Carefully weighing and proportioning food Repeatedly checking body weight Intense and compulsive exercise Purging by means of vomiting Abuse of laxatives, enemas, and diuretics

SYMPTOMS OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA

Resistance to staying at a body weight that is at or above the minimum healthy weight for age and height

Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight

Denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight

Infrequent or absent menstrual periods (in females who have reached puberty)

ANOREXIA: SHORT AND LONG TERM EFFECTSShort Term Effects: Muscle loss Low self-esteem Overall weakness Dry hair and skin Amenorrhea: loss of menstrual period in girlsLong Term Effects: Depression Severe dehydration, which can lead to kidney failure Osteoporosis: brittle bones Heart failure Death

TREATMENT OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA

Treatment of anorexia requires a specific program that involves three main phases:

1. Restoring weight that has been lost to severe dieting and purging

2. Treating any psychological disturbances, such as distortion of body image, low self-esteem, and interpersonal or emotional conflicts; and

3. Achieving long-term remission and rehabilitation, or full recovery.

BULIMIA NERVOSA

Characterized by a cycle of binge eating followed by purging to try and rid the body of unwanted calories.

Bulimics usually perform the purging behaviors secretly

People with bulimia usually weigh within the normal range for their age and height

Bulimics are usually afraid of gaining weight, want to lose weight, and feel intensely dissatisfied with their bodies.

SYMPTOMS OF BULIMIA NERVOSA

Recurrent episodes of binge eating, characterized by eating an excessive amount of food in a short amount of time, and a feeling of lack of control over eating during the binging episode

Repeated behavior to compensate for the binging and prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, or other medications (purging), fasting, or excessive exercise

Binging and purging, on average, at least 2 times a week for 3 months or more

Self-image is unduly dependent on body shape and weight

BULIMIA: SHORT AND LONG TERM EFFECTS

Short term effects Tooth decay Staining of teeth Constipation and irregular bowel movements Electrolyte imbalance Low self-esteem

Long term effects Rupture of esophagus Depression Ulcers Heart failure Death

TREATMENT FOR BULIMIA NERVOSA

Nutritional Counseling Psychological Support Medication Management – Antidepressants

BINGE EATING DISORDER

Characterized primarily by periods of uncontrolled, impulsive, or continuous eating beyond the point of feeling comfortably full.

While there is no purging, there may be sporadic fasts or repetitive diets.

People with this disorder tend to be overweight

Associated with feelings of self-disgust and shame, often triggering additional binge eating, creating a cycle of binge eating

SYMPTOMS OF BINGE EATING DISORDER

Binge-eating episodes are associated with the following symptoms: excessive eating in a fixed timeframe eating much more rapidly than normal eating until feeling uncomfortably full eating large amounts of food when not feeling

physically hungry eating alone because of being embarrassed by

how much one is eating feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or

very guilty after overeating marked distress about the binge-eating behavior

TREATMENT FOR BINGE EATING DISORDER

Strategies are similar to those for bulimia

FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD

Defined as the combination of disordered eating, amenorrhea and osteoporosis.

RESOURCES FOR HELP Trusted adults Teachers School Nurse Mental Health Professionals

Psychologist, psychiatrist, counselors

Dietitians Doctors