dynamics of stress
TRANSCRIPT
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Dynamics of Stress
Presentation by –
Group 5
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A Model of Stress – What will be covered?
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Too Much , Too Little Work Time
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Stress • A dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted
with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important.
Constraints
Forces that prevent individuals from doing what they desire.
Demands
The loss of something desired.
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Stress • Challenge Stressor
Stressors associated with work load, pressure to complete tasks, and time urgency
• Hindrance Stressor Stressors that keep you from reaching your goals
Demands Responsibilities, pressures,
obligations, and even uncertainties that individuals
face in the workplace
Resources Things within an individual’s control that can be used to
resolve demands
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Potential Sources of Stress
• Environmental Factors Economic uncertainties of the business cycle Political uncertainties of political systems Technological uncertainties of technical
innovations Terrorism in threats to physical safety and
security
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Potential Sources of Stress
• Organizational Factors Task demands related to the job Role demands of functioning in an organization Interpersonal demands created by other employees Organizational structure (rules and regulations) Organizational leadership (managerial style) Organization’s life stage (growth, stability, or decline)
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Potential Sources of Stress
• Individual Factors Family and personal relationships Economic problems from exceeding earning capacity Personality problems arising for basic disposition
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Potential Sources of Stress
• Individual Differences Perceptual variations of how reality will affect the
individual’s future. Greater job experience moderates stress effects. Social support buffers job stress. Internal locus of control lowers perceived job stress. Strong feelings of self-efficacy reduce reactions to job
stress.
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Some people thrive on stressful situations while
others are overwhelmed by them.
Why?
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1. Perception
Perception is the process by which we select,
organize and interpret information inputs to create
a meaningful picture of the world.
It will moderate the relationship between potential
stress condition and an employees reaction to it.
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Stress Potential does not lie in objective conditions.
It lies in an employee’s interpretation of those conditions
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2. Job Expereince
Experience on job tends to be negatively
related to work stress due to two reasons:-
(a) Voluntary turnover is more probable among
people who experience more stress.
(b) People eventually develop coping
mechanisms to deal with stress.
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3. Social Support
Social support is collegial relationships with co
workers or supervisors.
It acts as a palliative mitigating the negative
effects of even high strain jobs.
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4. Personality
Personality is the particular combination of
emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral
response patterns of an individual.
The most widely studied personality trait in
stress is Type A personality, particularly
that aspect which manifests in itself anger
and hostility.
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Physiological and Psychological Symptoms of Stress
Stress shows itself in a number of ways
High Blood
pressure
Anxiety Difficult decision
making
Appetite
Loss
Can be summed up in 3 general categories
Physiological Symptoms Psychological Symptoms Behavioral Symptoms
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Physiological Symptoms of Stress
Most of the early concern with stress was directed at physiological symptoms
Research was led by specialist in health and medical sciences
These research led to conclusion that stress could cause
Abnormal Metabolism Increased Heart Beat Breathlessness
High Blood Pressure Headaches Heart Attacks
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Physiological Symptoms of Stress
The link between stress and particular physiological symptom is not clear
Only a few consistent relationships have been found
Sheer complexity of symptoms and difficulty in measuring them objectively
Example
Stressful job demands are linked to susceptibility to upper respiratory
illness and poor immune system function
This is particular to person with low self - efficacy
Upper respiratory illness Poor Immune System
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Psychological Symptoms of Stress
Stress can cause dissatisfaction
Job related stress can cause job dissatisfaction
Job Dissatisfaction
Simplest and Most Obvious
psychological effect
Tension Anxiety Boredom
Both Stress and Dissatisfaction are increased by jobs that make
Multiple and conflicting demands
Lack of clarity about duties, authorities and responsibilities
Less control over the pace of work
Low levels of variety,
Significance
Autonomy
Feedback etc
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Behavioral Symptoms of Stress
Behavior related stress symptoms
Decreased Productivity Changed Eating Habits Increased Smoking
Rapid Speech Fidgeting Sleep Disorder
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Inverted U Relationship between Stress and Job Performance
Intuitive model but not empirically supported
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CONSEQUENCES OF STRESS ON THE
JOB
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The consequences are very
severe
Individual level
Organisational level
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Individual level
• Unwanted feeling and behaviour
• Physiological diseases
• Psychological diseases
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Unwanted feeling and behaviour Screaming and shouting. Anger Isolation Poor eye contact Much of interpersonal conflict Increased tendency of suicide Increased smoking and consumption of alcohol Sleeping disorder Rapid speech and fidgeting
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Physiological diseases
Head ache, dizziness, blurred vision Increased blood pressure Cardiovascular disease, increased heart and
breathing rate High blood sugar and cholesterol Aching neck and shoulders, increased muscle
pain
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Psychological diseases
Depression and anxiousness
Short-temperament
Passiveness and aggressiveness
Lose of self confidence and self esteem
Inability to take sound decisions
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A recent research shows
anywhere from 2/3rd of the
illness in humans is stress
related.
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Organizational level • Job dissatisfaction • Lower productivity, decreased quality and
quantity of work • Less organizational commitment • Intention to leave the job, high labour turnover • Absenteeism • Performance and productivity losses/ low quality
of product and services • Increasing complaints from customers • Higher sick leave • Loss of valuable staff, permanent vacancies,
premature retirement.
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World health organisation has labelled stress as worldwide epidemic. According to recent study, today workplace stress is estimated to cost companies more than $300 billion a year in poor performance, absenteeism and health cost.
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Stress Management (??) •It is the amelioration of stress and especially chronic stress often for the purpose of improving everyday functioning.
•Stress produces numerous symptoms which vary according to persons, situations, and severity. These can include physical health decline as well as depression
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Stress - Different Perspectives
• Organizations’ View -> Low to moderate stress increases employee performance
• High levels of stress or even sustained low levels over long periods can lead to adverse effects
• Individuals’ Standpoint -> Even low stress is perceived as undesirable excessive pressure
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Stress management: Individual Approach
Time management techniques
Non competitive
physical exercise
Relaxation training
Expanding social
network
“Taking personal responsibility for own well being“
ABC
strategy:
Awareness
Balance
Control
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Stress management: Organizational Approach
• Improved personnel selection & job placement
• Goal Setting
• Redesigning jobs
• Increasing Employee Involvement
• Organizational Communication
• Sabbaticals
• Wellness Programs
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Thank You!